{ "id": "r51f8609d0bd", "found": true, "parent_id": "r73fdeaa56b8", "created_at": "2026-08-31 12:41:07.361336+00:00", "rows": [ { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/sap232.pdf", "title": "Migrations and movements of birds to New Zealand and surrounding seas", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "a single direct 12 000 km flight across the Pacific", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "2.\nWaders", "breeding bar-tailed godwits are believed to reach New Zealand in a single direct\n12 000 km flight across the Pacific (Reigen 1999; Minton et al. 2001) while\nPacific golden plovers, turnstones, pectoral sandpipers, Hudsonian godwits,\nand wandering tattlers appear to arrive via a broader front through islands in the\ncentral and southern Pacific." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "2.\nWaders", "breeding bar-tailed godwits are believed to reach New Zealand in a single direct\n12 000 km flight across the Pacific (Reigen 1999; Minton et al. 2001) while\nPacific golden plovers, turnstones, pectoral sandpipers, Hudsonian godwits,\nand wandering tattlers appear to arrive via a broader front through islands in the\ncentral and southern Pacific." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/sap232.pdf", "title": "Migrations and movements of birds to New Zealand and surrounding seas", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "south to New Zealand along the Asian coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "2.\nWaders", "The southward migration route and principal\nstopover areas for lesser knots and bar-tailed godwits are shown in fig. 1 of\nReigen (1999)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "2.\nWaders", "Many bar-tailed godwits fly directly to\nNew Zealand from Alaska, but some follow the same route as lesser knots, south\nto New Zealand along the Asian coast (Reigen 1999: fig. 1)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-flyways-birds-use-to-migrate-across-continents", "title": "The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents | All About Birds", "species": "American Golden Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Atlantic Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "Species that use this route include American Golden Plover, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, and even the tiny Blackpoll Warbler." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "As an extension of the Atlantic Flyway, some birds make [a marathon flight south across the Atlantic Ocean](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/a-new-flyway-fall-migrants-cross-the-atlantic-to-reach-south-america/)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-flyways-birds-use-to-migrate-across-continents", "title": "The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents | All About Birds", "species": "Yellow-billed Cuckoo", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Atlantic Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "Species that use this route include American Golden Plover, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, and even the tiny Blackpoll Warbler." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "As an extension of the Atlantic Flyway, some birds make [a marathon flight south across the Atlantic Ocean](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/a-new-flyway-fall-migrants-cross-the-atlantic-to-reach-south-america/)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-flyways-birds-use-to-migrate-across-continents", "title": "The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Atlantic Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "Species that use this route include American Golden Plover, Yellow-billed Cuckoo, and even the tiny Blackpoll Warbler." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Flyways Birds Use to Migrate Across Continents", "As an extension of the Atlantic Flyway, some birds make [a marathon flight south across the Atlantic Ocean](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/a-new-flyway-fall-migrants-cross-the-atlantic-to-reach-south-america/)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/a-new-flyway-fall-migrants-cross-the-atlantic-to-reach-south-america", "title": "A New Flyway: Fall Migrants Cross the Atlantic to Reach South America | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "eastern boreal forest of Canada, northeastern coast of North America, Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda or another island, northern South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# A New Flyway: Fall Migrants Cross the Atlantic to Reach South America", "Imagine that you\u2019re a Blackpoll Warbler, weighing barely as much as two U.S. quarters." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# A New Flyway: Fall Migrants Cross the Atlantic to Reach South America", "It\u2019s September, so you\u2019re stuffing yourself with insects and fruit in the eastern boreal forest of Canada, nearly doubling your weight for an epic journey.", "Launching from the northeastern coast of North America, you head over the Atlantic Ocean, flying nonstop for 2 or 3 days, covering 1,500 to 2,200 miles en route to northern South America.", "If storms move in, you may be forced down on Bermuda or another island\u2014if you\u2019re lucky." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2024-media-releases/warmer-seas-chief-suspect-for-seabird-wreck", "title": "Warmer seas chief suspect for seabird \u2018wreck\u2019", "species": "sooty shearwaters", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand to seas north and east of Japan, then heading towards Japan then changing tack and heading east to the Gulf of Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Hundreds of seabirds found washed up along the west coast of the North Island are likely to have died from starvation due to climate change impacts.", "Principal Science Advisor Graeme Taylor says past tracking of sooty shearwaters revealed 70% of the New Zealand population migrates to seas north and east of Japan." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Principal Science Advisor Graeme Taylor says past tracking of sooty shearwaters revealed 70% of the New Zealand population migrates to seas north and east of Japan.", "\u201cA tagged bird we recaptured in 2024 showed an interesting change in route, departing New Zealand in May heading towards Japan then changing tack and heading east to the Gulf of Alaska." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/warbler-leaves-south-america-turns-up-outside-the-cornell-lab-weeks-later", "title": "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later | All About Birds", "species": "Yellow Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Florida, Cuba, Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula, Central America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "On June 24, 2017, researchers from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca, New York, caught a Yellow Warbler in their nets." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "On their way south, they visited the forests and coastlines of Florida, Cuba, and the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula before swinging east all the way through Central America to their wintering sites in South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/warbler-leaves-south-america-turns-up-outside-the-cornell-lab-weeks-later", "title": "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later | All About Birds", "species": "Yellow Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "northern Colombia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "Our Maine birds spent the winter in northern Colombia, while Yellow Warblers from Wisconsin went farther east, to Venezuela." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "Our Maine birds spent the winter in northern Colombia, while Yellow Warblers from Wisconsin went farther east, to Venezuela." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/warbler-leaves-south-america-turns-up-outside-the-cornell-lab-weeks-later", "title": "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later | All About Birds", "species": "Yellow Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Venezuela", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "Our Maine birds spent the winter in northern Colombia, while Yellow Warblers from Wisconsin went farther east, to Venezuela." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Tiny Warbler Leaves South America, Turns Up Outside the Cornell Lab Weeks Later", "Our Maine birds spent the winter in northern Colombia, while Yellow Warblers from Wisconsin went farther east, to Venezuela." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/southland/places/awarua-waituna-wetlands/birds-found-at-awarua-bay", "title": "Birds found at Awarua Bay", "species": "American Whimbrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Central and South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "View a list of birds that can be found at Southland's Awarua Bay.", "## Wading birds", "- American Whimbrel (*N. p. hudsonicus*). Breeds northern Canada and Alaska, migrating to Central and South America. Occasionally strays to New Zealand. A very rare summer visitor." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "View a list of birds that can be found at Southland's Awarua Bay.", "## Wading birds", "- American Whimbrel (*N. p. hudsonicus*). Breeds northern Canada and Alaska, migrating to Central and South America. Occasionally strays to New Zealand. A very rare summer visitor." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-basics-how-why-and-where-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Basics of Bird Migration: How, Why, When, and Where | All About Birds", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "over the Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Basics of Bird Migration: How, Why, When, and Where", "Bar-tailed Godwits depart Alaska at the end of summer and fly nonstop for 8 days over the Pacific Ocean, landing in New Zealand." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The Basics of Bird Migration: How, Why, When, and Where", "Bar-tailed Godwits depart Alaska at the end of summer and fly nonstop for 8 days over the Pacific Ocean, landing in New Zealand." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2023-media-releases/from-alaska-to-invercargill--godwit-migration-well-underway", "title": "From Alaska to Invercargill \u2013 godwit migration well underway", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "One of the world\u2019s greatest cross-globe migrations is well underway with the arrival of bar-tailed godwits/kuaka to Southland coastlines.", "Every spring, around 75,000 of these half kilogram, brown-grey, long-beaked shore birds fly approximately 12,000km from Alaska and the Arctic to New Zealand, with around 4000 of them landing on Southern coastal areas." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-basics-how-why-and-where-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Basics of Bird Migration: How, Why, When, and Where | All About Birds", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "over the Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits depart Alaska at the end of summer and fly nonstop for 8 days over the Pacific Ocean, landing in New Zealand.", "Some birds travel tremendous distances: Arctic Terns and Sooty Shearwaters fly more than 50,000 km (31,000 miles) in a single year." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits depart Alaska at the end of summer and fly nonstop for 8 days over the Pacific Ocean, landing in New Zealand.", "Some birds travel tremendous distances: Arctic Terns and Sooty Shearwaters fly more than 50,000 km (31,000 miles) in a single year." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/mirandas-migratory-birds", "title": "Miranda's migratory birds", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea region in China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "When bar-tailed godwits leave NZ in Autumn each year that have bulked up so they can fly to the Yellow Sea region in China in one flight and then onto Alaska.", "The shell banks of P\u016bkorokoro, New Zealand, attract thousands of migratory birds each year and make for fantastic bird viewing." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "When bar-tailed godwits leave NZ in Autumn each year that have bulked up so they can fly to the Yellow Sea region in China in one flight and then onto Alaska.", "The shell banks of P\u016bkorokoro, New Zealand, attract thousands of migratory birds each year and make for fantastic bird viewing." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/giant-hummingbird-migration-odyssey-chile-peru-argentina", "title": "The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird | All About Birds", "species": "Giant Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "eastern side of the Andes, mingling with Giant Hummingbirds in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "In a technical tour-de-force, researchers found that South America\u2019s Giant Hummingbird is actually two species, one of which migrates half the length of the continent and ascends as high as 13,000 feet in a matter of weeks." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "A Journey 5,200 Miles Long and 13,000 Feet High", "On their journey north, the birds followed the eastern side of the Andes, mingling with Giant Hummingbirds in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru as they migrated through." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/giant-hummingbird-migration-odyssey-chile-peru-argentina", "title": "The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird | All About Birds", "species": "Giant Hummingbird", "breeding_area": "central Chile", "nonbreeding_area": "high Andes of central Peru", "waypoints": "eastern side of the Andes, mingling with Giant Hummingbirds in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru, and return trip through the Atacama Desert in northern Chile", "distance": "5,200 miles round trip", "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "New findings published in the journal *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* in May 2024 included the astonishing discovery that [these southern-breeding Giant Hummingbirds travel as far as any hummingbird on Earth](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2313599121)\u2014up to 5,200 miles round trip." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "For centuries, scientists have known that some Giant Hummingbirds are migratory and some aren\u2019t.", "But the Giant Hummingbirds that breed in central Chile, in the southern part of the bird\u2019s range, vanish during their nonbreeding season." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "A Journey 5,200 Miles Long and 13,000 Feet High", "After three to five months, the birds reached their destinations in the high Andes of central Peru." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "A Journey 5,200 Miles Long and 13,000 Feet High", "On their journey north, the birds followed the eastern side of the Andes, mingling with Giant Hummingbirds in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru as they migrated through.", "Their return trip was much quicker, lasting an average of just one month and following a migratory path roughly through, as Darwin had alluded to, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile." ], "distance_evidence": [ "# The Heretofore Unknown Odyssey of the Giant Hummingbird", "New findings published in the journal *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences* in May 2024 included the astonishing discovery that [these southern-breeding Giant Hummingbirds travel as far as any hummingbird on Earth](https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2313599121)\u2014up to 5,200 miles round trip." ], "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/gene-differences-may-help-golden-winged-warblers-get-to-their-wintering-grounds", "title": "Gene Differences May Help Golden-winged Warblers Get to Their Wintering Grounds | All About Birds", "species": "Golden-winged Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Gene Differences May Help Golden-winged Warblers Get to Their Wintering Grounds", "The researchers narrowed in on a single gene in Golden-winged Warblers that seems to be associated with migration strategy." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/birds-of-the-world-amazing-migrations", "title": "Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Eurasian blackcap", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Europe around the Mediterranean and Northwest Africa, and the UK", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "And some research I did recently in Europe, involved this species, that Eurasian blackcap.", "We\u2019re looking at the Birds of the World page and photos now." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "Spend the summer across Europe, those dark purples and then migrate South to areas around the Mediterranean and Northwest Africa for the winter.", "And those blue arrows on the slide you\u2019re seeing now, show the migration routes of these birds that spend the summer in Europe, as you saw on the eBird map." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/birds-of-the-world-amazing-migrations", "title": "Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "North and South America, Northeast of the US, Canadian maritimes, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, and northern South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "So, Benjamin could you start us off with a small species that breeds in North America, the Blackpoll Warbler?", "What\u2019s really cool about this bird?" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "Most of them undertake a non-stop over-water flight, over the open Atlantic straight to North and South America.", "From launching off points in the Northeast of the US, and the Canadian maritimes." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/birds-of-the-world-amazing-migrations", "title": "Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Hudsonian Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Southern South America, United States, Great Plains, Arctic, James Bay, Hudson Bay Area, northern South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "Let\u2019s take a look at another migrant.", "This one is a really super long distance migrant, the Hudsonian Godwit." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Birds of the World: Amazing Migrations", "So starting with the blues in Southern South America, where they spend the winter, all the way at the southern tip there, they can make flights that are nonstop, of potentially 10,000 kilometers.", "They\u2019ve been tracked doing this North to areas in the United States, like that yellow finger in the Great Plains is an important stopover point for them, before they finish their journey and launch to the Arctic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/capturing-migration-in-a-strand-of-dna-feathers-reveal-a-birds-origins", "title": "Capturing Migration in a Strand of DNA: Feathers Reveal a Bird's Origins | All About Birds", "species": "Wilson's Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Arizona, coastal California, Pacific Northwest, Sierra Nevada, Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Capturing Migration in a Strand of DNA: Feathers Reveal a Bird\u2019s Origins", "Ruegg\u2019s test species was the Wilson\u2019s Warbler, a tiny, black-capped yellow songbird that breeds across northern North America, winters across Central America, and shows up as a migrant everywhere in between." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Capturing Migration in a Strand of DNA: Feathers Reveal a Bird\u2019s Origins", "Just imagine visiting a banding station in the southwestern United States, where hundreds of Wilson\u2019s Warblers might pass through during spring migration.", "Ruegg\u2019s research team even revealed striking patterns in migration timing: at a station in Arizona, birds en route to coastal California came through first, followed by Pacific Northwest birds, and then Sierra Nevada breeders.", "Birds headed all the way to Alaska were the last to file through." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/understanding-red-knot-surveys-delaware-bay", "title": "Understanding red knot surveys in Delaware Bay | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "For the last couple of years, things haven\u2019t been adding up for rufa red knots in Delaware Bay.", "Wildlife agencies are weighing several possible explanations for the unusual survey results in 2021 and 2022." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Each spring, thousands of these robin-sized shorebirds stop on bay beaches to rest and refuel, gorging on horseshoe crab eggs to gain weight for the final leg of their migration to nesting grounds in Canada\u2019s Arctic tundra.", "Wildlife agencies are weighing several possible explanations for the unusual survey results in 2021 and 2022." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/understanding-red-knot-surveys-delaware-bay", "title": "Understanding red knot surveys in Delaware Bay | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": "Canada\u2019s Arctic tundra", "nonbreeding_area": "the southern tip of South America", "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The population that winters at the southern tip of South America and migrates to the Arctic each year \u2014 among the farthest of any animal \u2014 has been low but stable since 2011.", "Wildlife agencies are weighing several possible explanations for the unusual survey results in 2021 and 2022." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "Each spring, thousands of these robin-sized shorebirds stop on bay beaches to rest and refuel, gorging on horseshoe crab eggs to gain weight for the final leg of their migration to nesting grounds in Canada\u2019s Arctic tundra.", "Wildlife agencies are weighing several possible explanations for the unusual survey results in 2021 and 2022." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "The population that winters at the southern tip of South America and migrates to the Arctic each year \u2014 among the farthest of any animal \u2014 has been low but stable since 2011.", "Wildlife agencies are weighing several possible explanations for the unusual survey results in 2021 and 2022." ], "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/field-guide/bird/ruby-throated-hummingbird", "title": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada to Costa Rica, crossing the Gulf of Mexico or migrating around the Texas coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "### Migration & Range Maps", "Despite their small size, impressive migrants may migrate from Canada to Costa Rica." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "### Migration & Range Maps", "Despite their small size, impressive migrants may migrate from Canada to Costa Rica.", "Some may cross the Gulf of Mexico but many migrate around, migrating along Texas coast." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/eastern-bar-tailed-godwit", "title": "Eastern bar-tailed godwit/kuaka", "species": "Bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed godwits are one of 35 species that come to New Zealand each year from the Arctic.", "Bar-tailed godwits are one of 35 species which come to New Zealand every summer from their breeding ground in the Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed godwits are one of 35 species that come to New Zealand each year from the Arctic.", "Each September godwits fly direct from Alaska to New Zealand without a break." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70176098", "title": "Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "direct route across the Pacific", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (*Limosa lapponica*; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds.", "Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "Abstract" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The use of a direct route across the Pacific is also supported by significantly more records of godwits reported from within a direct migration corridor than elsewhere in Oceania, and during the September to November period than at other times of the year.", "Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "Abstract" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70176098", "title": "Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coast of Asia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (*Limosa lapponica*; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds.", "Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "Abstract" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Although the Siberian birds are known to follow the coast of Asia during both migrations, the southern pathway followed by the Alaska breeders has remained unknown.", "Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "Abstract" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Delaware%20Bay%20Rufa%20Red%20Knot%20and%20Horseshoe%20Crab%20FAQ_20221107.pdf", "title": "FAQs about Delaware Bay Rufa Red Knots and Horseshoe Crabs", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay; Southeast U.S., Caribbean, and South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "FAQs about \nDelaware Bay Rufa Red Knots \nand Horseshoe Crabs", "Thousands of shorebirds migrate through Delaware Bay each spring on their way to nesting \ngrounds in Canada\u2019s Arctic tundra." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "FAQs about \nDelaware Bay Rufa Red Knots \nand Horseshoe Crabs", "Along their northbound migration from the Southeast U.S., \nCaribbean, and South America, these birds make only a few stops to rest and feed." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/a-swainsons-hawk-reunion-celebrates-a-conservation-success", "title": "A Swainson's Hawk Reunion Celebrates a Conservation Success | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Swainson\u2019s Hawks travel up to 12,000 miles each year as they migrate between western North America and the pampas of Argentina.", "Swainson\u2019s Hawks travel up to 12,000 miles each year as they migrate between western North America and the pampas of Argentina. Swainson\u2019s Hawk photo by Dave Welling; map graphic by Jillian Ditner; map source: Neotropical Birds Online." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/strawberry-plains-audubon-center-hosts-annual-hummingbird-celebration-september", "title": "Strawberry Plains Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Celebration September 7-9", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "over the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Strawberry Plains Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Celebration September 7-9", "At about a tenth of an ounce, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird appears far too small and vulnerable to survive its annual fall migration from eastern North America to Mexico and Central Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Strawberry Plains Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Celebration September 7-9", "At about a tenth of an ounce, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird appears far too small and vulnerable to survive its annual fall migration from eastern North America to Mexico and Central Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2020/05/09/frequent-fliers-not-grounded-by-covid-19", "title": "Frequent Fliers not grounded by COVID-19 |", "species": "Eastern bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea region", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Frequent Fliers not grounded by COVID-19" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Frequent Fliers not grounded by COVID-19", "Starting in March each year, the difference in this \u2018return flight\u2019 is that they stop-over to refuel in wetlands and estuarine areas of the [Yellow Sea region](https://birdingbeijing.com/2016/07/31/the-yellow-sea-the-highest-conservation-priority-in-east-asia/) of China for approximately 5 weeks." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/qa-with-brian-sullivan-coauthor-of-crossley-id-guide-raptors", "title": "Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors", "**Where are we headed with research on raptor migration?**", "Most Swainson\u2019s Hawks across their breeding range migrate all the way to Argentina and back." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/qa-with-brian-sullivan-coauthor-of-crossley-id-guide-raptors", "title": "Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors", "**Where are we headed with research on raptor migration?**", "Most Swainson\u2019s Hawks across their breeding range migrate all the way to Argentina and back." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/qa-with-brian-sullivan-coauthor-of-crossley-id-guide-raptors", "title": "Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Q&A with Brian Sullivan, Coauthor of Crossley ID Guide: Raptors", "**Where are we headed with research on raptor migration?**", "For example, satellite tracking over the past few years has shown that some individual Swainson\u2019s Hawks in the Central Valley of California changed their migration habits by either not leaving at all or only going to western Mexico and Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/banding-hummingbirds-solve-their-mysterious-ways", "title": "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "species": "ruby-throated hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from points as far north as Canada, heading south to Mexico, Guatemala, even Panama", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Hundreds of [ruby-throated hummingbirds](http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/ruby-throated_hummingbird/lifehistory) have also flown into town, tiny neotropical migrants from points as far north as Canada, heading south to Mexico, Guatemala, even Panama." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Hundreds of [ruby-throated hummingbirds](http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/ruby-throated_hummingbird/lifehistory) have also flown into town, tiny neotropical migrants from points as far north as Canada, heading south to Mexico, Guatemala, even Panama." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/banding-hummingbirds-solve-their-mysterious-ways", "title": "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "species": "calliope hummingbird", "breeding_area": "mountains of the western United States and Canada", "nonbreeding_area": "south-central Mexico", "waypoints": "from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again", "distance": "5,000-mile round-trip", "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "distance_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/banding-hummingbirds-solve-their-mysterious-ways", "title": "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "species": "rufous hummingbird", "breeding_area": "coastal Alaska", "nonbreeding_area": "forests of central Mexico", "waypoints": "between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year", "distance": "6,000 miles round-trip", "distinction": "measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America", "species_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "The rufous hummingbird, however, is of particular concern." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "distance_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "distinction_evidence": [ "# Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ] }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/where-do-hummingbirds-go-winter-do-they-migrate", "title": "Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf Coast down through Texas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "Most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds\u2014the only hummingbird that breeds east of the Mississippi River\u2014make their long trek south along the Gulf Coast down through Texas." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "Most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds\u2014the only hummingbird that breeds east of the Mississippi River\u2014make their long trek south along the Gulf Coast down through Texas." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/where-do-hummingbirds-go-winter-do-they-migrate", "title": "Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "But each year some opt to take the 500-mile journey across the Gulf of Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "But each year some opt to take the 500-mile journey across the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/where-do-hummingbirds-go-winter-do-they-migrate", "title": "Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from their nests in Alaska to their winter home in Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "Ranging from the Pacific Northwest up through Western Canada and into Alaska, the most northern Rufous populations travel roughly 3,900 miles from their nests in Alaska to their winter home in Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Long-Haulers", "Ranging from the Pacific Northwest up through Western Canada and into Alaska, the most northern Rufous populations travel roughly 3,900 miles from their nests in Alaska to their winter home in Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/where-do-hummingbirds-go-winter-do-they-migrate", "title": "Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "species": "Broad-billed Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from Arizona to Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Short-Distance Travelers", "For instance, the Broad-billed Hummingbird typically migrates from Arizona to Mexico, says Williamson, but a small fraction stays within their breeding range in Arizona." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Where Do Hummingbirds Go in the Winter? Do They Migrate?", "### The Short-Distance Travelers", "For instance, the Broad-billed Hummingbird typically migrates from Arizona to Mexico, says Williamson, but a small fraction stays within their breeding range in Arizona." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/mississippi-audubon-center-hosts-annual-hummingbird-festival-september-5-7-2008", "title": "Mississippi Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Festival September 5-7, 2008", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Mississippi", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Mississippi Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Festival September 5-7, 2008", "Each fall thousands of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate from Canada through Mississippi to their winter home in Mexico and Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Mississippi Audubon Center Hosts Annual Hummingbird Festival September 5-7, 2008", "Each fall thousands of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate from Canada through Mississippi to their winter home in Mexico and Central America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/where-do-migrants-go-in-winter-new-models-provide-exquisite-detail", "title": "Where Do Migrants Go in Winter? New Models Provide Exquisite Detail | All About Birds", "species": "Prothonotary Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "northern Colombia and the Magdalena River Valley", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Prothonotary Warbler by Jillian Ditner; Coastal black mangrove photo by Nick Bayly.", "### Prothonotary Warbler", "Research using geolocators has shown that Prothonotary Warblers from Virginia, South Carolina, Arkansas, Ohio, and Louisiana fly south to northern Colombia and the Magdalena River Valley for the nonbreeding season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Prothonotary Warbler by Jillian Ditner; Coastal black mangrove photo by Nick Bayly.", "### Prothonotary Warbler", "Research using geolocators has shown that Prothonotary Warblers from Virginia, South Carolina, Arkansas, Ohio, and Louisiana fly south to northern Colombia and the Magdalena River Valley for the nonbreeding season." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/where-do-migrants-go-in-winter-new-models-provide-exquisite-detail", "title": "Where Do Migrants Go in Winter? New Models Provide Exquisite Detail | All About Birds", "species": "American Redstart", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana to fly across hundreds of miles of open water in the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "American Redstart by Jillian Ditner; Mayan biosphere photo by Viviana Ruiz Gutierrez.", "### American Redstart", "On their fall migration south, hordes of American Redstarts (*Setophaga ruticilla*) launch themselves off the coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana to fly across hundreds of miles of open water in the Gulf of Mexico until they find land again on the Yucatan Peninsula." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "American Redstart by Jillian Ditner; Mayan biosphere photo by Viviana Ruiz Gutierrez.", "### American Redstart", "On their fall migration south, hordes of American Redstarts (*Setophaga ruticilla*) launch themselves off the coasts of Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana to fly across hundreds of miles of open water in the Gulf of Mexico until they find land again on the Yucatan Peninsula." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/where-do-migrants-go-in-winter-new-models-provide-exquisite-detail", "title": "Where Do Migrants Go in Winter? New Models Provide Exquisite Detail | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "off the Atlantic Coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Blackpoll Warbler by Jillian Ditner; photo of Villavicencio by Nick Bayly. Sources: N. Bayly et al. \u201cThere\u2019s no place like home.\u201d Animal Behaviour, April 2020.; C. Gomez et al. \u201cMigratory connectivity then and now.", "### Blackpoll Warbler", "La Guajira Peninsula on Colombia\u2019s northern coast is the first place many Blackpoll Warblers touch down after an incredible 1,800-mile flight south off the Atlantic Coast." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Blackpoll Warbler by Jillian Ditner; photo of Villavicencio by Nick Bayly. Sources: N. Bayly et al. \u201cThere\u2019s no place like home.\u201d Animal Behaviour, April 2020.; C. Gomez et al. \u201cMigratory connectivity then and now.", "### Blackpoll Warbler", "La Guajira Peninsula on Colombia\u2019s northern coast is the first place many Blackpoll Warblers touch down after an incredible 1,800-mile flight south off the Atlantic Coast." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/where-do-migrants-go-in-winter-new-models-provide-exquisite-detail", "title": "Where Do Migrants Go in Winter? New Models Provide Exquisite Detail | All About Birds", "species": "Bullock\u2019s Oriole", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "southwestern U.S. border and northern Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bullock\u2019s Oriole by Jillian Ditner; Photo of Chihuahua, Mexico, by Chris Corrigan.", "### Bullock\u2019s Oriole", "The now-flashier orioles then continue on as far as Guerrero and Oaxaca in southern Mexico for the five months of their nonbreeding season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bullock\u2019s Oriole by Jillian Ditner; Photo of Chihuahua, Mexico, by Chris Corrigan.", "### Bullock\u2019s Oriole", "Bullock\u2019s Orioles make a two-part migration south in autumn." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/where-do-migrants-go-in-winter-new-models-provide-exquisite-detail", "title": "Where Do Migrants Go in Winter? New Models Provide Exquisite Detail | All About Birds", "species": "Broad-winged Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "funneling down the narrowing hourglass landform of Central America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Broad-winged Hawk by Jillian Ditner; photo of Sapzurro, Colombia, by Nick Bayly.", "### Broad-winged Hawk", "Scientists have used satellite transmitters to track Broad-winged Hawks as they traveled from Canada all the way down to overwintering grounds in the Andean forests of Colombia and Bolivia\u2014a trip of more than 4,000 miles, completed in increments of about 70 miles per day." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Broad-winged Hawk by Jillian Ditner; photo of Sapzurro, Colombia, by Nick Bayly.", "### Broad-winged Hawk", "Each fall, spectacular kettles of Broad-winged Hawks (*Buteo platypterus*) by the hundreds are a prime attraction at hawkwatch sites in Pennsylvania and Minnesota." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/godwit", "title": "godwit |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What is brown and grey, gets easily spooked, and connects New Zealand, China and Alaska? While it\u2019s entirely possible that other things fit under that description, the answer we\u2019re looking for is the much-loved Eastern bar-tailed godwit.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The best science we have shows that declines in both these, and other [shorebird species](http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/mirandas-migratory-birds/), is due to habitat changes in the Yellow Sea, where they stopover on their migrations to and from the Arctic breeding grounds to refuel and gather food.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.fws.gov/story/2024-11/november-2024-bird-month-red-knot", "title": "November 2024, Bird of the Month - Red Knot | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Found on all continents except Antarctica, red knots are likely the world\u2019s most cosmopolitan traveling shorebird.", "The *rufa* subspecies occurs along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the Western Hemisphere with some traveling almost 19,000 miles annually between their breeding grounds in the Arctic of Central Canada and wintering grounds as far away as Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.fws.gov/story/2024-11/november-2024-bird-month-red-knot", "title": "November 2024, Bird of the Month - Red Knot | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Found on all continents except Antarctica, red knots are likely the world\u2019s most cosmopolitan traveling shorebird.", "The *roselaari* subspecies occurs on the west coast of North America, migrating from the Arctic breeding grounds in Alaska to wintering locations in Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/2012-hummingbird-migration-celebration", "title": "2012 Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Highway 61, south from Memphis, through Strawberry Plains Audubon Center, and a flight over the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# 2012 Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "Holly Springs, MS -- Next fall, as the weather cools and the days get a bit shorter, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds will join many other birds in a journey south to their winter havens in Mexico and Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# 2012 Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "Moving like a river, they will travel down along Highway 61, south from Memphis.", "Some of these birds will stop to refuel at the Strawberry Plains Audubon Center, near Holly Springs, Mississippi.", "Last year, over 8,000 guests at the Hummingbird Migration Celebration got to see some of theses Ruby-throats before they continued their daunting journey, which includes a 500-mile flight over the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Siberia and Asia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears from Alaska go around the opposite side of the world, traveling through Siberia and Asia to reach Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere.", "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears from Alaska go around the opposite side of the world, traveling through Siberia and Asia to reach Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere.", "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Atlantic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears that breed in far northeastern Canada migrate across the Atlantic and then south to Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere.", "Meanwhile, birds in the Canadian high Arctic migrate eastward across the Atlantic to West Africa." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears that breed in far northeastern Canada migrate across the Atlantic and then south to Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere.", "Meanwhile, birds in the Canadian high Arctic migrate eastward across the Atlantic to West Africa." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/rufous-hummingbirds-turning-unusual-places", "title": "Rufous Hummingbirds Turning Up in Unusual Places", "species": "blackcap warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "central Europe to the Iberian peninsula, then south across Gibraltar to Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Rufous Hummingbirds Turning Up in Unusual Places", "Weidensaul notes that the blackcap warbler traditionally migrated from central Europe to the Iberian peninsula, then south across Gibraltar to Africa." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Rufous Hummingbirds Turning Up in Unusual Places", "Weidensaul notes that the blackcap warbler traditionally migrated from central Europe to the Iberian peninsula, then south across Gibraltar to Africa." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/resources/resources-for-fishers/ni_sn_mitigation_packet_2026.01.26.pdf", "title": "Set Net - Protected Species Risk Management Plan", "species": "Black petrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South American waters", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Protected Species Information for Commercial Fishers \nT\u0101koketai/Black Petrel", "Breeding location: T\u0101koketai/Black petrel breed only in \nNew Zealand. There are two remaining breeding colonies \nfound in the Hauraki Gulf on Aotea/Great Barrier Island and \nTe-Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Protected Species Information for Commercial Fishers \nT\u0101koketai/Black Petrel", "Breeding time: T\u0101koketai/Black petrel breed from October \nthrough to June each year. When they are not breeding, \nthey migrate to South American waters to forage and feed." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/resources/resources-for-fishers/ni_sn_mitigation_packet_2026.01.26.pdf", "title": "Set Net - Protected Species Risk Management Plan", "species": "Flesh-footed shearwater", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Northern Hemisphere to forage around \nJapan, India, and North America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Protected Species Information for Commercial Fishers \nToanui/Flesh-footed Shearwater", "Breeding location: Toanui/Flesh-footed shearwaters breed \non islands off the coast of north of New Zealand and in the \nMarlborough Sounds, Australia, and on St Pauls Island in the \nIndian Ocean. Mauima/Lady Alice Island, Northland Ohinau \nIsland, Coromandel and Titi Island, Marlborough also carry \nlarge colonies." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Protected Species Information for Commercial Fishers \nToanui/Flesh-footed Shearwater" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/doiddata/dwh-ar-documents/1278/DWH-ARZ001219.pdf", "title": "Redknot Status 2007 - Body", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay and the arctic breeding grounds", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "EXECUTIVE SUMMARY", "The population of the rufa subspecies of the red knot Calidris canutus, which \nbreeds in the central Canadian arctic and mainly winters in Tierra del Fuego, has declined \ndramatically over the past twenty years." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "EXECUTIVE SUMMARY", "During northward migration, most rufa stopover in Delaware Bay where they feed \nmainly on the eggs of horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and lay down fat and \nprotein reserves both to fuel the 3,000 kilometer flight to the arctic breeding grounds and \nensure their survival after they arrive at a time when food availability is often low." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/field-guide/bird/rufous-hummingbird", "title": "Rufous Hummingbird", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific lowlands (northwest in early spring); Rocky Mountain region (southeast beginning in late June)", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Rufous Hummingbird", "The Rufous Hummingbird moves northwest in early spring mostly through Pacific lowlands and moves southeast beginning in late June, mostly through the Rocky Mountain region." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "### Migration & Range Maps", "The Rufous Hummingbird moves northwest in early spring mostly through Pacific lowlands and moves southeast beginning in late June, mostly through the Rocky Mountain region." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2022/10/08/world-migratory-bird-day-dim-lights-for-our-manu-at-night/", "title": "World Migratory Bird Day: dim lights for our manu at night |", "species": "kuaka/bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "These migratory species which touch down in New Zealand \u2013 including kuaka/bar-tailed godwits and huahou/red knots \u2013 are threatened by habitat degradation, predators, and \u2013 you guessed it \u2013 light pollution.", "Shorebirds are also vulnerable to light pollution", "The kuaka/bar-tailed godwit, which visits us in the summer, undertakes a heroic migration to Alaska and back each year." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "These migratory species which touch down in New Zealand \u2013 including kuaka/bar-tailed godwits and huahou/red knots \u2013 are threatened by habitat degradation, predators, and \u2013 you guessed it \u2013 light pollution.", "Shorebirds are also vulnerable to light pollution", "The kuaka/bar-tailed godwit, which visits us in the summer, undertakes a heroic migration to Alaska and back each year." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/resources/resources-for-fishers/ps_mitigation_packet_2026.01.26.pdf", "title": "Purse Seine - Protected Species Risk Management Plan", "species": "White-faced Storm Petrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "eastern tropical Pacific with sightings in Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Tables 1 \u2013 4 provide details on protected species risks associated with purse seine fisheries.", "Table 1: Main seabird species at risk in purse seine fisheries.", "White-faced \nStorm Petrel \n\nXST \n\u2022 \nSub-species breeds only in New Zealand. Usually forages over \nthe continental shelf during the breeding season. In the non-\nbreeding season (April to August), birds disperse to the eastern \ntropical Pacific with sightings in Ecuador and the Galapagos \nIslands." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Tables 1 \u2013 4 provide details on protected species risks associated with purse seine fisheries.", "Table 1: Main seabird species at risk in purse seine fisheries.", "White-faced \nStorm Petrel \n\nXST \n\u2022 \nSub-species breeds only in New Zealand. Usually forages over \nthe continental shelf during the breeding season. In the non-\nbreeding season (April to August), birds disperse to the eastern \ntropical Pacific with sightings in Ecuador and the Galapagos \nIslands." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/downloadfile/187781", "title": "Rufa Red Knot Species Status Assessment Report - FWS ECOS", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Rufa Red Knot Species Status Assessment Report", "Introduction", "This report summarizes the results of an SSA conducted for the rufa red knot (Calidris canutus \nrufa)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Rufa Red Knot Species Status Assessment Report", "Wintering and Migration", "For example, Delaware Bay provides the final Atlantic coast stopover for an estimated 50 to 80 \npercent of all rufa red knots making their way to the arctic breeding grounds each spring." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/best-dressed-class-clown-these-15-birds-own-their-spring-migrant-superlatives", "title": "From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "crossing the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "Most Athletic: Ruby-throated Hummingbird" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "Most Athletic: Ruby-throated Hummingbird" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/best-dressed-class-clown-these-15-birds-own-their-spring-migrant-superlatives", "title": "From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "stopping over in the West Indies and Florida", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "Most Likely to Miss Graduation Migration: Blackpoll Warbler", "Traveling from northern South America, they take their time in the spring, stopping over in the West Indies and Florida and eventually landing in Canada's boreal forest." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# From Best Dressed to Class Clown, These 15 Birds Own Their Spring Migrant Superlatives", "Most Likely to Miss Graduation Migration: Blackpoll Warbler", "Traveling from northern South America, they take their time in the spring, stopping over in the West Indies and Florida and eventually landing in Canada's boreal forest." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/supporting-international-effort-to-protect-godwits-and-red-knots", "title": "News & events", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Introduction Through our Living Water partnership with Fonterra, we are supporting an international partnership to secure a safe flight path for New Zealand\u2019s bird of the year - the bar-tailed godwit.", "Bar-tailed godwits and red knots have returned to P\u016bkorokoro-Miranda, to spend the summer, having flown 12,000km from Alaska and Siberia." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Introduction Through our Living Water partnership with Fonterra, we are supporting an international partnership to secure a safe flight path for New Zealand\u2019s bird of the year - the bar-tailed godwit.", "On this journey they stop in China to refuel." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70135114", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal staging grounds in the Yellow Sea region of East Asia, North Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Contrasting extreme long-distance migration patterns in bar-tailed godwits *Limosa lapponica*", "Abstract", "Using this technology, we compared the migration performance of two subspecies of bar-tailed godwit *Limosa lapponica* travelling between non-breeding grounds in New Zealand (subspecies *baueri*) and northwest Australia (subspecies *menzbieri*) and breeding grounds in Alaska and eastern Russia, respectively." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Contrasting extreme long-distance migration patterns in bar-tailed godwits *Limosa lapponica*", "Abstract", "Individuals of both subspecies made long, usually non-stop, flights from non-breeding grounds to coastal staging grounds in the Yellow Sea region of East Asia (average 10 060 \u00b1 SD 290 km for *baueri* and 5860 \u00b1 240 km for *menzbieri*).", "After an average stay of 41.2 \u00b1 4.8 d, *baueri* flew over the North Pacific Ocean before heading northeast to the Alaskan breeding grounds (6770 \u00b1 800 km)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70135114", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Siberian Islands, Russia, Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Contrasting extreme long-distance migration patterns in bar-tailed godwits *Limosa lapponica*", "Abstract", "Using this technology, we compared the migration performance of two subspecies of bar-tailed godwit *Limosa lapponica* travelling between non-breeding grounds in New Zealand (subspecies *baueri*) and northwest Australia (subspecies *menzbieri*) and breeding grounds in Alaska and eastern Russia, respectively." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Contrasting extreme long-distance migration patterns in bar-tailed godwits *Limosa lapponica*", "Abstract", "By contrast, *menzbieri* returned to Australia via stopovers in the New Siberian Islands, Russia, and back at the Yellow Sea; birds travelled on average 4510 \u00b1 360 km from Russia to the Yellow Sea, staged there for 40.8 \u00b1 5.6 d, and then flew another 5680\u20137180 km to Australia (10 820 \u00b1 300 km in total)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Rufa%20Red%20Knot%20Supplemental%20Listing%20Document.pdf", "title": "Rufa Red Knot Background Information and Threats Assessment", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal (moving north along the coast to the mid-Atlantic before departing for the Arctic) and inland (departing overland for the Arctic directly from the Southeast coast)", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "INTRODUCTION: The rufa red knot (Calidris canutus rufa) is a medium-sized shorebird \nthat migrates annually between its breeding grounds in the central Canadian Arctic and several \nwintering regions, including the Southeast United States (Southeast), the Northeast Gulf of \nMexico, northern Brazil, and Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of South America.", "INTRODUCTION" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Available data indicate that red knots wintering in the Southeast use at least two \ndifferent spring migration routes\u2014coastal (moving north along the coast to the mid-Atlantic \nbefore departing for the Arctic) and inland (departing overland for the Arctic directly from the \nSoutheast coast) (Bimbi et al. 2014, pp. 29\u201330; SCDNR 2013, p. 38; Niles et al. 2012a, pp. 197\u2013\n200; Harrington 2005a, p. 1; Morrison and Harrington 1992, p. 77).", "SPRING MIGRATION" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/red-knot", "title": "red knot |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Both the bar-tailed godwit and the red knot are declining.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The best science we have shows that declines in both these, and other [shorebird species](http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/mirandas-migratory-birds/), is due to habitat changes in the Yellow Sea, where they stopover on their migrations to and from the Arctic breeding grounds to refuel and gather food.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/red-knot", "title": "red knot |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Both the bar-tailed godwit and the red knot are declining.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The best science we have shows that declines in both these, and other [shorebird species](http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/mirandas-migratory-birds/), is due to habitat changes in the Yellow Sea, where they stopover on their migrations to and from the Arctic breeding grounds to refuel and gather food.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2019/safer-journeys-ahead-for-godwits-and-redknots", "title": "News & events", "species": "godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China's Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "The epic 12,000 km journey made by some of New Zealand's favourite migratory birds from the Coromandel to the Arctic is set to become safer.", "\u201cNew Zealanders care deeply about backing nature and backing birds like the godwits and red knots." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "The epic 12,000 km journey made by some of New Zealand's favourite migratory birds from the Coromandel to the Arctic is set to become safer.", "\u201cThese tiny birds \u2013 the godwit weighing only 300-600g and red knots a miniscule 100g \u2013 make this epic annual journey from Miranda to and from their Arctic breeding grounds with only one stop en route in China\u2019s Yellow Sea to feed,\u201d" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2019/safer-journeys-ahead-for-godwits-and-redknots", "title": "News & events", "species": "red knots", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China's Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "The epic 12,000 km journey made by some of New Zealand's favourite migratory birds from the Coromandel to the Arctic is set to become safer.", "\u201cNew Zealanders care deeply about backing nature and backing birds like the godwits and red knots." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "The epic 12,000 km journey made by some of New Zealand's favourite migratory birds from the Coromandel to the Arctic is set to become safer.", "\u201cThese tiny birds \u2013 the godwit weighing only 300-600g and red knots a miniscule 100g \u2013 make this epic annual journey from Miranda to and from their Arctic breeding grounds with only one stop en route in China\u2019s Yellow Sea to feed,\u201d" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://www.fws.gov/sites/default/files/federal_register_document/2014-28338.pdf", "title": "Department of the Interior", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic coast of the United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species \nStatus for the Rufa Red Knot; Final Rule", "SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and \nWildlife Service (Service), determine \nthreatened species status under the \nEndangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), \nas amended, for the rufa red knot \n(Calidris canutus rufa)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species \nStatus for the Rufa Red Knot; Final Rule", "SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and \nWildlife Service (Service), determine \nthreatened species status under the \nEndangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), \nas amended, for the rufa red knot \n(Calidris canutus rufa).", "The rufa red \nknot is a migratory shorebird that breeds \nin the Canadian Arctic, winters in parts \nof the United States, the Caribbean, and \nSouth America, and primarily uses well- \nknown spring and fall stopover areas on \nthe Atlantic coast of the United States, \nalthough some follow a midcontinental \nmigratory route." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/centers/asc/science/wind-habitat-dynamics", "title": "Wind - Habitat Dynamics", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand to the Yellow Sea to Alaska to Australasia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Science Center Objects Several species of shorebird that nest in the Arctic make remarkable non-stop trans-oceanic migrations to non-breeding areas in the southern hemisphere.", "The map inset shows Z0's track from her non-breeding area in New Zealand to a spring staging area in the Yellow Sea (10,000 km in 8.8 days, non-stop), then to a breeding area in Alaska (4,200 km in 5.5 days, non-stop), and finally a trans-Pacific return flight to Australasia (9,800 km in 7.6 days, non-stop)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The map inset shows Z0's track from her non-breeding area in New Zealand to a spring staging area in the Yellow Sea (10,000 km in 8.8 days, non-stop), then to a breeding area in Alaska (4,200 km in 5.5 days, non-stop), and finally a trans-Pacific return flight to Australasia (9,800 km in 7.6 days, non-stop)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/sample-lesson-hawk-and-raptor-identification", "title": "Sample Lesson: Hawk and Raptor Identification | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Sample Lesson: Hawk and Raptor Identification", "Explore this sample lesson on the **Swainson\u2019s Hawk** from **Be a Better Birder: Hawk and Raptor Identification**.", "The Swainson\u2019s Hawk breeds across Canada, down to the southern US, and it winters in the South American grasslands and the pampas." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/when-expect-hummingbirds-your-feeders-and-flowers-spring", "title": "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "United States east of the Rocky Mountains", "Over most of the eastern two-thirds of North America, from central Canada southward, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird reigns supreme." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "United States east of the Rocky Mountains", "Interestingly, it also appears that hummingbirds then hang around in the Gulf Coast for longer than normal, perhaps to recuperate from their trip across the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/when-expect-hummingbirds-your-feeders-and-flowers-spring", "title": "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "species": "Rufous Hummingbirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "southeastern Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "Mountain West", "Rufous Hummingbirds also stop through on their northern journeys to breeding grounds as far north as southeastern Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "Mountain West", "Rufous Hummingbirds also stop through on their northern journeys to breeding grounds as far north as southeastern Alaska." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/when-expect-hummingbirds-your-feeders-and-flowers-spring", "title": "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "species": "Rufous Hummingbirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Oregon to coastal Alaskan breeding grounds", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "Southwest and West Coast", "Migrant Rufous Hummingbirds also move northward early\u2014as far north as Oregon by the end of February\u2014on their way to their coastal Alaskan breeding grounds." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "When to Expect Hummingbirds at Your Feeders and Flowers This Spring", "Southwest and West Coast", "Migrant Rufous Hummingbirds also move northward early\u2014as far north as Oregon by the end of February\u2014on their way to their coastal Alaskan breeding grounds." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/motueka", "title": "motueka |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://trainingcenter.fws.gov/resources/knowledge-resources/Birdscapes/win03/wetensp.html", "title": "USFWS/NCTC - Birdscapes", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "| | ### Species at Risk --- ### The Red Knot: An Intercontinental Traveler in Decline *by Annette Macek Scherer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service* Each May, over 1 million shorebirds stop within the Delaware Bay Region of Delaware and New Jersey to rest and refuel before continuing their annual migration from wintering areas to breeding grounds.", "## Division of Bird Habitat Conservation", "## Birdscapes: News from International Habitat Conservation Partnerships", "For the red knot, a small russet-colored shorebird about the size of a robin, the Delaware Bay is a crucial stopover on its 10,000-mile journey from the southern tip of South America to the Canadian Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "| | ### Species at Risk --- ### The Red Knot: An Intercontinental Traveler in Decline *by Annette Macek Scherer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service* Each May, over 1 million shorebirds stop within the Delaware Bay Region of Delaware and New Jersey to rest and refuel before continuing their annual migration from wintering areas to breeding grounds.", "## Division of Bird Habitat Conservation", "## Birdscapes: News from International Habitat Conservation Partnerships", "For the red knot, a small russet-colored shorebird about the size of a robin, the Delaware Bay is a crucial stopover on its 10,000-mile journey from the southern tip of South America to the Canadian Arctic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2021-media-releases/luckless-godwit-forced-into-mid-flight-u-turn", "title": "Luckless godwit forced into mid-flight u-turn", "species": "godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "An unlucky male godwit/kuaka migrating back to the Firth of Thames has been forced into a massive u-turn over the Pacific Ocean and finished up back at his Alaskan take-off point after 57 hours of constant flight." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication.", "He took off from tidal flats in Alaska\u2019s Yukon-Kuskokwim delta on 11 September (NZ time) before encountering strong winds 2000 kms into his journey across the Pacific Ocean and turning back after flying for 33 straight hours." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/news/national-news-release/ultra-marathon-champion-bird-may-plan-flights-based-weather-across", "title": "\"Ultra Marathon Champion\" Bird May Plan Flights Based on Weather Across Pacific", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ANCHORAGE, Alaska \u2014A recent U.S. Geological Survey-led study of the bar-tailed godwit, a shorebird known famously as the ultimate marathon champion of bird flight, suggests that these birds can sense broad weather patterns and optimally time their long, nonstop, transoceanic migrations to destinations thousands of miles away." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Their study determined that bar-tailed godwits are able to make efficient decisions about when and where to fly during nonstop flights of up to 10 days long between wintering areas in New Zealand and breeding areas in Alaska.", "ANCHORAGE, Alaska \u2014A recent U.S. Geological Survey-led study of the bar-tailed godwit, a shorebird known famously as the ultimate marathon champion of bird flight, suggests that these birds can sense broad weather patterns and optimally time their long, nonstop, transoceanic migrations to destinations thousands of miles away." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/chinese-ambassador-farewells-godwits-on-flight-from-nz-to-china", "title": "News & events", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand visited the P\u016bkorokoro Miranda Shorebird Centre on the Firth of Thames recently to farewell bar-tailed godwits and red knots.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The birds are flying to China on the way to their breeding grounds in Alaska and Siberia.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/chinese-ambassador-farewells-godwits-on-flight-from-nz-to-china", "title": "News & events", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand visited the P\u016bkorokoro Miranda Shorebird Centre on the Firth of Thames recently to farewell bar-tailed godwits and red knots.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The birds are flying to China on the way to their breeding grounds in Alaska and Siberia.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/chinese-ambassador-farewells-godwits-on-flight-from-nz-to-china", "title": "News & events", "species": "godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand visited the P\u016bkorokoro Miranda Shorebird Centre on the Firth of Thames recently to farewell bar-tailed godwits and red knots.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Both stop over at wetlands in China.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/chinese-ambassador-farewells-godwits-on-flight-from-nz-to-china", "title": "News & events", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand visited the P\u016bkorokoro Miranda Shorebird Centre on the Firth of Thames recently to farewell bar-tailed godwits and red knots.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Both stop over at wetlands in China.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2015/chinese-ambassador-farewells-godwits-on-flight-from-nz-to-china", "title": "News & events", "species": "godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "P\u016bkorokoro-Miranda", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Chinese Ambassador to New Zealand visited the P\u016bkorokoro Miranda Shorebird Centre on the Firth of Thames recently to farewell bar-tailed godwits and red knots.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "In November they\u2019ll make the return journey, flying nonstop 12,000km from Alaska back to P\u016bkorokoro-Miranda,\u201d says DOC Director-General Lou Sanson.", "Archived content: This media release was accurate on the date of publication." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70101408", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Abstract", "The annual 29 000 km long migration of the bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri, around the Pacific Ocean traverses what is arguably the most complex and seasonally structured atmospheric setting on Earth." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Abstract", "The annual 29 000 km long migration of the bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri, around the Pacific Ocean traverses what is arguably the most complex and seasonally structured atmospheric setting on Earth." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/mountain-prairie/pressrel/2013/09272013_redKnotListing.php", "title": "Service Proposes to List Red Knot as a Threatened Species Under the Endangered Species Act", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic and Gulf coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "For Immediate Release The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today released a proposal to list the rufa red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), a robin-sized shorebird that annually migrates from the Canadian Arctic to southern Argentina, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "While migrating between wintering grounds at the southern tip of South America in Tierra del Fuego and breeding grounds in the Canadian Arctic, the shorebird can be found in groups of a few individuals to thousands along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.", "For Immediate Release The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today released a proposal to list the rufa red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), a robin-sized shorebird that annually migrates from the Canadian Arctic to southern Argentina, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/mountain-prairie/pressrel/2013/09272013_redKnotListing.php", "title": "Service Proposes to List Red Knot as a Threatened Species Under the Endangered Species Act", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific Coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Other subspecies of red knot, including C.c. roselaari that migrates along the Pacific Coast to breed in Alaska and Wrangel Island, Russia, are not included in this proposal on the rufa red knot." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Other subspecies of red knot, including C.c. roselaari that migrates along the Pacific Coast to breed in Alaska and Wrangel Island, Russia, are not included in this proposal on the rufa red knot." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/dividing-via-migration-swainsons-thrush", "title": "Dividing Via Migration: Swainson's Thrush | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson's Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "along the coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Dividing Via Migration: Swainson\u2019s Thrush", "Swainson\u2019s Thrushes from Pacific Coast breeding sites fly south along the coast, taking a fairly direct route to their wintering locations in Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Dividing Via Migration: Swainson\u2019s Thrush", "Swainson\u2019s Thrushes from Pacific Coast breeding sites fly south along the coast, taking a fairly direct route to their wintering locations in Central America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/dividing-via-migration-swainsons-thrush", "title": "Dividing Via Migration: Swainson's Thrush | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson's Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "through eastern North America and across the Caribbean basin", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Dividing Via Migration: Swainson\u2019s Thrush", "Inland birds do something more surprising: most of them follow their ancestral migratory path south through eastern North America and across the Caribbean basin to reach their wintering sites in South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Dividing Via Migration: Swainson\u2019s Thrush", "Inland birds do something more surprising: most of them follow their ancestral migratory path south through eastern North America and across the Caribbean basin to reach their wintering sites in South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/godwits", "title": "Godwits |", "species": "Eastern bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand, China, and Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "What is brown and grey, gets easily spooked, and connects New Zealand, China and Alaska?", "While it\u2019s entirely possible that other things fit under that description, the answer we\u2019re looking for is the much-loved Eastern bar-tailed godwit." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "What is brown and grey, gets easily spooked, and connects New Zealand, China and Alaska?" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/godwits", "title": "Godwits |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand and Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/overhearing-a-migration-secret-using-sound-to-track-swainsons-thrushes", "title": "Overhearing a Migration Secret: Using Sound to Track Swainson's Thrushes | All About Birds", "species": "Swainson\u2019s Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Point Conception, California Bight, Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Overhearing a Migration Secret: Using Sound to Track Swainson\u2019s Thrushes", "Recordings suggest that many Swainson\u2019s Thrushes migrate to Mexico by flying across water instead of land." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Overhearing a Migration Secret: Using Sound to Track Swainson\u2019s Thrushes", "It\u2019s as if the birds reach Point Conception, where the California coastline crooks eastward, and opt for a 200-mile shortcut over the waters of the California Bight to land in Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/hummingbird_essay.htm", "title": "Birds on the Move Background Essay", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Background for Teachers", "Among the 14 species that regularly breed north of Mexico are the Ruby-throated Hummingbird and the Rufous Hummingbird.", "The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the only species that commonly breeds in the eastern United States." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "### Little Birds, Big Journeys", "Until the 1950s scientists dismissed the notion that Ruby-throated Hummingbirds flew nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico, migrating more than 500 miles in about 20 hours." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/hummingbird_essay.htm", "title": "Birds on the Move Background Essay", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "\u201cnectar corridors\u201d", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Background for Teachers", "Among the 14 species that regularly breed north of Mexico are the Ruby-throated Hummingbird and the Rufous Hummingbird.", "In the western United States, the Rufous Hummingbird migrates from Mexico to regions as far north as Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "### Little Birds, Big Journeys", "Like the Ruby-throated Hummingbird, which depends on stopovers for feeding and resting, the Rufous Hummingbird follows floral pathways called \u201cnectar corridors.\u201d" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/centers/asc/science/wind-habitat-dynamics?qt-science_center_objects=3", "title": "Wind - Habitat Dynamics", "species": "Bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand to a spring staging area in the Yellow Sea, then to a breeding area in Alaska, and finally a trans-Pacific return flight to Australasia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The map inset shows Z0's track from her non-breeding area in New Zealand to a spring staging area in the Yellow Sea (10,000 km in 8.8 days, non-stop), then to a breeding area in Alaska (4,200 km in 5.5 days, non-stop), and finally a trans-Pacific return flight to Australasia (9,800 km in 7.6 days, non-stop)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The map inset shows Z0's track from her non-breeding area in New Zealand to a spring staging area in the Yellow Sea (10,000 km in 8.8 days, non-stop), then to a breeding area in Alaska (4,200 km in 5.5 days, non-stop), and finally a trans-Pacific return flight to Australasia (9,800 km in 7.6 days, non-stop)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?title=Hummingbird", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Ruby-throated Hummingbird" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?title=Hummingbird", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Calliope Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Calliope Hummingbird" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?title=Hummingbird", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Costa's Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Costa's Hummingbird" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/exploring-bird-migration-your-questions-answered/", "title": "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "swallow-tailed kite", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "a single pass in Bolivia into the Amazon basin", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "And the very first talk I ever saw at an American Ornithologist Society meeting was of a guy who was putting satellite transmitters on swallow-tailed kites in Florida." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "it turned out that they all went through a single pass in Bolivia into the Amazon basin." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/exploring-bird-migration-your-questions-answered/", "title": "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "ruby-throated hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "And an interesting switch that one that I just sort of really was thinking about when we put out our hummingbird course recently is a ruby-throated hummingbird, which is found breeding all over Eastern North America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "And that would probably take a hummingbird maybe 15 hours of flying solid straight across the Gulf." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/exploring-bird-migration-your-questions-answered/", "title": "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "blackpoll warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "over the Atlantic Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "And some of them like the blackpoll warbler takes off from Maine and Nova Scotia and flies straight to South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Exploring Bird Migration: Your Questions Answered", "It flies over the Atlantic Ocean to fly straight to South America in one flight, which, again, a little bird this big can do that is just quite a remarkable story." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://alaska.usgs.gov/products/data/tracking/tracking.php?groupid=32", "title": "Wildlife Tracking Maps and Data Visualizations", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "### Bar-tailed Godwit Tracking Maps and Data Visualizations", "Available here are tracking data for two subspecies of Bar-tailed Godwits." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds/page/7", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Blackburnian Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "great lakes, Caribbean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Northern Cardinal with Blackburnian Warbler: Northern Cardinal has a fairly consistent range throughout the seasons, only fluctuating slightly at the fringes of it's range. The Blackburnian Warbler migrates widely, from having a fairly dense population in Central America to being somewhat more spread out on it's northern migration up to roughly the great lakes, where it's population is once again denser. It then migrates southwards, but takes a different path than it initially did, going over the Caribbean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Northern Cardinal with Blackburnian Warbler: Northern Cardinal has a fairly consistent range throughout the seasons, only fluctuating slightly at the fringes of it's range. The Blackburnian Warbler migrates widely, from having a fairly dense population in Central America to being somewhat more spread out on it's northern migration up to roughly the great lakes, where it's population is once again denser. It then migrates southwards, but takes a different path than it initially did, going over the Caribbean." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds/page/7", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Scarlet Tanager", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Central America and Mexico, Caribbean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Scarlet Tanager with Western Tanager: The Scarlet Tanager has a roughly similar migration path to the Blackburnian Warbler, with the differences that it starts further south in South America and has a somewhat more southern distribution once it reaches the north eastern United States. As mentioned, it's migration is similar to the Blackburnian Warbler in that it migrates northwards through Central America and Mexico and southwards over the Caribbean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Scarlet Tanager with Western Tanager: The Scarlet Tanager has a roughly similar migration path to the Blackburnian Warbler, with the differences that it starts further south in South America and has a somewhat more southern distribution once it reaches the north eastern United States. As mentioned, it's migration is similar to the Blackburnian Warbler in that it migrates northwards through Central America and Mexico and southwards over the Caribbean." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds/page/7", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Ruby-throated Hummingbird with Rufous Hummingbird: The Ruby-throated Hummingbird winters in Central America and migrates northwards largely over the Gulf of Mexico to the eastern United States and south eastern Canada, as well as a band into the Canadian Prairies, and it appears to have a southern migration that is more over land, but may still be over the Gulf of Mexico for some birds." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**", "Ruby-throated Hummingbird with Rufous Hummingbird: The Ruby-throated Hummingbird winters in Central America and migrates northwards largely over the Gulf of Mexico to the eastern United States and south eastern Canada, as well as a band into the Canadian Prairies, and it appears to have a southern migration that is more over land, but may still be over the Gulf of Mexico for some birds." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds/page/7", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "pacific coast, British Columbia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds/page/7", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Yellow-bellied Flycatcher", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**Activity 1:**" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/manawatu-whanganui/places/manawatu-estuary", "title": "Manawatu Estuary", "species": "Eastern bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "It is a significant area of salt marsh and mudflat and a prized feeding ground for many birds including the migratory Eastern bar-tailed Godwit, which flies all the way from Siberia to New Zealand to escape the harsh northern winter." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/eight-intriguing-migration-mysteries-solved-with-birdcast-and-ebird", "title": "Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird | All About Birds", "species": "Fork-tailed Flycatcher", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird", "**What drives cameo appearances of Fork-tailed Flycatchers in fall?** These spectacular birds are one of the species birders look forward to seeing when they plan a trip to Central or South America, where they are fairly common." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/eight-intriguing-migration-mysteries-solved-with-birdcast-and-ebird", "title": "Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird", "Orange and white colors show where Blackpoll Warblers migrate in the spring and then in the fall, en route to and from Canadian breeding grounds." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/eight-intriguing-migration-mysteries-solved-with-birdcast-and-ebird", "title": "Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird | All About Birds", "species": "Chipping Sparrow", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pawnee National Grasslands", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird", "For instance, Chipping Sparrows in the Front Range of Colorado migrate eastward to molting sites such as the [Pawnee National Grasslands](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=1762), then continue to Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird", "For instance, Chipping Sparrows in the Front Range of Colorado migrate eastward to molting sites such as the [Pawnee National Grasslands](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=1762), then continue to Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/eight-intriguing-migration-mysteries-solved-with-birdcast-and-ebird", "title": "Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird | All About Birds", "species": "Long-billed Curlew", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Eight Intriguing Migration Mysteries Solved With BirdCast and eBird", "**Why do Long-billed Curlews winter in both California and Mexico?** Long-billed Curlews breed in grasslands and open country of the central and western U.S." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/is-bird-migration-getting-more-dangerous", "title": "Is Bird Migration Getting More Dangerous? | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Colombia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Disappearing stopover habitat, more skyscrapers, stronger storms\u2014the biannual flights for migratory birds are getting riskier.", "Now imagine you are the size of a lime. That\u2019s akin to what some Blackpoll Warblers face as they start off from Colombia each spring on the way north to breeding grounds in the boreal forest." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Disappearing stopover habitat, more skyscrapers, stronger storms\u2014the biannual flights for migratory birds are getting riskier.", "Now imagine you are the size of a lime. That\u2019s akin to what some Blackpoll Warblers face as they start off from Colombia each spring on the way north to breeding grounds in the boreal forest." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/is-bird-migration-getting-more-dangerous", "title": "Is Bird Migration Getting More Dangerous? | All About Birds", "species": "Gray-cheeked Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains of northern Colombia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration: the Ultimate Journey", "As Gray-cheeked Thrushes migrate from South America to the boreal forest in spring, they often stop for a week or more in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains of northern Colombia to feast on the abundant fruits." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration: the Ultimate Journey", "As Gray-cheeked Thrushes migrate from South America to the boreal forest in spring, they often stop for a week or more in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains of northern Colombia to feast on the abundant fruits." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/avian_influenza/species/species.php?code=BARG", "title": "Avian Influenza High Priority Species", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "western Alaska, New Zealand and Australia, China and the Koreas along the coast of the Yellow Sea, western and northern Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "### Bar-tailed Godwit, *Limosa lapponica*", "The entire Alaska-breeding race of the Bar-tailed Godwit (L. l. baueri) migrates through the East Asian/Australasian flyway (McCaffery and Gill 2001)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "### Bar-tailed Godwit, *Limosa lapponica*", "Each September, tens of thousands depart from their staging grounds in western Alaska on a non-stop over-water flight of up to 11,000 km to reach their non-breeding range in New Zealand and Australia (Gill et al. 2005).", "In early April, migrant flocks apparently fly directly from the non-breeding grounds to staging sites in China and the Koreas along the coast of the Yellow Sea (Battley 1997, Wilson and Barter 1998).", "Once they have acquired enough fat for their non-stop flight to the breeding grounds, L. l. baueri then head north directly to western and northern Alaska (McCaffery and Gill 2001)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Shorebirds.pdf", "title": "Shorebirds 2004", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coast of Argentina, southern Brazil, Delaware Bay, Arctic nesting grounds", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Shorebirds \nThe Delaware Bay Connection", "Over half of the\nWestern Atlantic flyway\u2019s population of\nred knot (Calidris canutus), ruddy\nturnstone (Arenaria interpres), and\nsemipalmated sandpiper (Calidris\npusilla) may rely upon the Delaware\nBay in the spring to replenish their\nenergy reserves before heading to their\nArctic nesting grounds." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Shorebirds \nThe Delaware Bay Connection", "Over half of the\nWestern Atlantic flyway\u2019s population of\nred knot (Calidris canutus), ruddy\nturnstone (Arenaria interpres), and\nsemipalmated sandpiper (Calidris\npusilla) may rely upon the Delaware\nBay in the spring to replenish their\nenergy reserves before heading to their\nArctic nesting grounds.", "The northbound migration of red knots\nusually begins in mid-February, as they\nleave their wintering grounds at the tip\nof South America and move up the coast\nof Argentina." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/not-flying-south-winter", "title": "(Not) Flying South for the Winter", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Louisiana", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# (Not) Flying South for the Winter", "The Louisiana Winter Hummingbird Project, which focuses on banding wintering hummingbirds, [documented](http://www.casacolibri.net/publications/LA-Winter_Hummingbird_Report_2013-2014.pdf) that one Ruby-throated Hummingbird banded there during the winter was found a few months later in Manitoba during the breeding season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# (Not) Flying South for the Winter", "The Louisiana Winter Hummingbird Project, which focuses on banding wintering hummingbirds, [documented](http://www.casacolibri.net/publications/LA-Winter_Hummingbird_Report_2013-2014.pdf) that one Ruby-throated Hummingbird banded there during the winter was found a few months later in Manitoba during the breeding season." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2013/12/02/godwit-conservation-champion", "title": "Champion for godwits |", "species": "godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Champion for godwits", "Pauline Samways, together with the Motueka Arts Council, has greatly increased local community awareness of [godwits](http://www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/home-and-garden/involve-the-family/meet-the-locals-videos/fifth-series/godwits/): birds who complete their non-stop migration from Alaska to here in New Zealand." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/coastal-restoration-collaboration-first-step-save-shorebirds", "title": "Coastal restoration collaboration: a first step to save shorebirds | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Tierra del Fuego, Arctic, Monomoy Wildlife Refuge, New Jersey, Brazil", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## **Masters of aviation**", "For the rufa red knot, a rusty-colored shorebird, it is a way of life." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## **Superstorms sweep birds and sand out to sea**", "Imagine jet-setting from Tierra del Fuego up to the Arctic, stopping at sunny, beautiful beaches along the way \u2014 sounds like a dream, doesn\u2019t it?", "\u201cWe had a bird that was [tagged in] Delaware Bay and went up into the Arctic, then headed south." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "the Atlantic coast, over the Atlantic, Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Description", "Red Knot", "She prepares for her long \nmigration flight south to Florida or \nSouth America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "Many fly \nto rich stopover sites found along \nthe Atlantic coast.", "After \nresting and fattening up, many Red \nKnots continue over the Atlantic to \nSouth America finally stopping in \nTierra del Fuego- the southern tip \nof Argentina.", "When they arrive \non the U.S. Atlantic Coast many Red \nKnots stop along the Delaware Bay \nto feast on horseshoe crab eggs." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Hudsonian Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Hudson Bay and James Bay in Canada, passing over the coast of the US, the Atlantic Ocean, the east coast of South America, tapering coast of Argentina and Chile", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Hudsonian Godwit" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "After breeding in the low Arctic, \nHudsonian Godwits gathers at \nHudson Bay and James Bay in \nCanada.", "The Hudsonian Godwits then \ncontinue southeast, passing over the \ncoast of the US, the Atlantic Ocean, \nthe east coast of South America \nand finally to the tapering coast of \nArgentina and Chile." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Sanderling", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific and Atlantic Coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Sanderling" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "Some of the \nCanadian nesters migrate south \ndown both the Pacific and Atlantic \nCoasts as far as Tierra del Fuego in \nArgentina." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Western Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific Flyway, Northwestern Alaska, Bering Sea, eastern tip of Russia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Western Sandpiper" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "Most use the Pacific Flyway and \ntravel to Northwestern Alaska.", "Some \neven fly across the Bering Sea to the \n\neastern tip of Russia!" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Black Oystercatcher", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Black Oystercatcher" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Nonbreeding", "Black oystercatchers spend the \nnonbreeding sites in flocks along \nmussel-rich habitats of the Pacific \ncoast.", "Migration", "Although some Black Oystercatchers \nare considered to be resident \nshorebirds, meaning they do not \nmigrate for the non-breeding season, \nnorthern populations likely do fly \nsouth for the winter." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Black-necked Stilt", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "central California, the Salton Sea, and the Great Salt Lake", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Black-necked Stilt" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "Found throughout the southern and \nwestern United States, Back-necked \nStilts migrate to coastal areas in the \nSouthern United States and Central \nand Northern South America.", "The \nmost critical staging sites are central \nCalifornia, the Salton Sea, and the \nGreat Salt Lake." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1590.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Marbled Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Central and Pacific Flyways, Great Salt Lake", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration", "Marbled Godwit" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration", "This medium-distance migrant \nmoves primarily along the Central \nand Pacific Flyways for wintering \ngrounds on the West Coast.", "Up \nto 200,000 Marbled Godwits stage at \none time on the Great Salt Lake in \nthe spring." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/reports/pre-2019-annual-plans/int2015-04-diving-behaviour-petrels-finalreport-.pdf", "title": "The diving and foraging behaviour of petrels and shearwaters ", "species": "Black petrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "SUMMARY", "Black petrel Procellaria parkinsoni and flesh-footed \nshearwater Ardenna carneipes have been identified as being at high risk from commercial \nfisheries in New Zealand waters, particularly longline fisheries that target snapper and bluenose, \nin addition to interactions with other commercial fisheries and recreational fishers.", "INTRODUCTION", "These captures were during the breeding season, as both these species migrate out of \nNew Zealand waters during winter; black petrels to the eastern Pacific and flesh-footed \nshearwaters to the North Pacific Ocean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/reports/pre-2019-annual-plans/int2015-04-diving-behaviour-petrels-finalreport-.pdf", "title": "The diving and foraging behaviour of petrels and shearwaters ", "species": "Flesh-footed shearwater", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "SUMMARY", "Black petrel Procellaria parkinsoni and flesh-footed \nshearwater Ardenna carneipes have been identified as being at high risk from commercial \nfisheries in New Zealand waters, particularly longline fisheries that target snapper and bluenose, \nin addition to interactions with other commercial fisheries and recreational fishers.", "INTRODUCTION", "These captures were during the breeding season, as both these species migrate out of \nNew Zealand waters during winter; black petrels to the eastern Pacific and flesh-footed \nshearwaters to the North Pacific Ocean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/2022-03/banding-red-knots", "title": "Banding red knots | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "### Red knots \u2013 who are they?" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "### Red knots \u2013 who are they?", "Refueling at Delaware Bay, a [horseshoe crab](/species/horseshoe-crabs-limulidae) spawning hotspot, is a crucial step in completing their migration to breeding grounds." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/data/USGS:66f97becd34ec4a45157a703", "title": "Tracking Data for Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica)", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Tracking Data for Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica)", "One of the subspecies, Limosa lapponica baueri, nests in Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season in New Zealand and eastern Australia whereas L.l.menzbieri nests in Siberia and spends the nonbreeding season in western Australia." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/ESA_success_stories/DE/DE_story2", "title": "Endangered Species Program | ESA Success Story", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Deb Reynolds Red knots make one of the longest yearly migrations of any bird, nearly 10,000 miles from the Southern tip of South America to breeding grounds in the Arctic.", "The red knot (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) stops to rest in the Delaware Bay during its 9,000-mile (14,500-kilometer) journey from their wintering grounds in the southern tip of South America to their breeding grounds in the Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Deb Reynolds Red knots make one of the longest yearly migrations of any bird, nearly 10,000 miles from the Southern tip of South America to breeding grounds in the Arctic.", "The Delaware Bays is one of its most critical stopovers along the way.", "The red knot (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) stops to rest in the Delaware Bay during its 9,000-mile (14,500-kilometer) journey from their wintering grounds in the southern tip of South America to their breeding grounds in the Arctic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/knot-easy-journey", "title": "Knot an easy journey | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The amazing rufa red knot is one of the beneficiaries of seashore conservation, and it\u2019s important to understand why this species needs our help and how we can support it on its way.", "## **Amazing Migration**" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2016/doc-and-chinas-conservation-agency-agree-to-protect-migratory-birds", "title": "News & events", "species": "red knots", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Luannan on Bohai Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Introduction DOC and the State Forestry Administration of China have agreed to work together to protect wetlands visited by migratory birds.", "The Department of Conservation (DOC) and the State Forestry Administration (SFA) of China have agreed to work together to protect wetlands visited by red knots and bar-tailed godwits during their 12,000 km migratory flights." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Introduction DOC and the State Forestry Administration of China have agreed to work together to protect wetlands visited by migratory birds.", "A key wetland covered by the MOA is a seven kilometre stretch of coastal mudflat and salt ponds at Luannan on Bohai Bay." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2016/doc-and-chinas-conservation-agency-agree-to-protect-migratory-birds", "title": "News & events", "species": "godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yalu Jiang Nature Reserve near Dandong on the Chinese border with North Korea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Introduction DOC and the State Forestry Administration of China have agreed to work together to protect wetlands visited by migratory birds.", "A second wetland covered by the MOA is in the Yalu Jiang Nature Reserve near Dandong on the Chinese border with North Korea." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Introduction DOC and the State Forestry Administration of China have agreed to work together to protect wetlands visited by migratory birds.", "A second wetland covered by the MOA is in the Yalu Jiang Nature Reserve near Dandong on the Chinese border with North Korea." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/publications/crossing-ultimate-ecological-barrier-evidence-11000-km-long-non-stop-flight-alaska-new", "title": "Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11,000-km-long non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and Eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/20210510_draft%20red%20knot%20recovery%20plan_final%20version%20for%20FRN.pdf", "title": "Draft Recovery Plan for the Rufa Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa)", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay in Delaware and New Jersey", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "DRAFT Rufa Red Knot Recovery Plan", "Summary of Species Biology and Needs", "Rufa red \nknots migrate annually between their breeding grounds on the central Canadian arctic tundra and \nfour wintering regions (figure 1): (1) the Atlantic coasts of Argentina and Chile (particularly the \nisland of Tierra del Fuego that spans both countries) and extending to include Chilo\u00e9 Island on \nthe Pacific coast of Chile; (2) the northern coast of South America (particularly in the Brazilian \nState of Maranh\u00e3o); (3) the western Gulf of Mexico from the Mexican State of Tamaulipas \nthrough Texas (particularly at Laguna Madre) to Mississippi and extending south along both \ncoasts of Central America; and (4) the southeast United States from Florida (particularly the \ncentral Gulf coast) to North Carolina with additional birds throughout the Caribbean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "DRAFT Rufa Red Knot Recovery Plan", "Summary of Species Biology and Needs", "The single most important spring \nstaging area is along the shores of Delaware Bay in Delaware and New Jersey, where rufa red \nknots achieve very high rates of weight gain feeding on the eggs of spawning horseshoe crabs \n(Limulus polyphemus)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2014/04/22/dogs-breakfast-for-birds", "title": "Dog\u2019s breakfast a win for the birds |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Dog\u2019s breakfast a win for the birds", "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/press-release/2014-12/service-protects-red-knot-threatened-under-endangered-species-act", "title": "Service Protects Red Knot as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today announced federal protection for the rufa subspecies of the red knot, a robin-sized shorebird, designating it as threatened under the Endangered Species Act." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The bird must arrive at Delaware Bay at exactly the time when horseshoe crabs are laying their eggs.", "The largest concentration of rufa red knots is found in May in Delaware Bay, where the birds stop to gorge themselves on the eggs of spawning horseshoe crabs; a spectacle drawing thousands of birdwatchers to the area." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/press-release/2014-12/service-protects-red-knot-threatened-under-endangered-species-act", "title": "Service Protects Red Knot as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "One of the longest distance migrants in the animal kingdom, some rufa red knots fly more than 18,000 miles each year between breeding grounds in the Canadian Arctic and wintering grounds along the Gulf Coast, southeast United States and South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70226808", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica baueri breed in Alaska and spend the nonbreeding season primarily in eastern Australia and New Zealand.", "Abstract" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/ecological-services/highlights/12142015.html", "title": "Ecological Services", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The red knot (Calidris canutus) is a robin-sized shorebird with one of the longest yearly migrations, traveling as many as 9,300 miles from its Arctic breeding grounds to the tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The Delaware Bay is important for red knots during their annual migration." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/counterpoint-why-european-warblers-are-better-than-american-warblers", "title": "Counterpoint: 7 Ways European Warblers Outperform American Warblers | All About Birds", "species": "Arctic Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Scandinavia across Russia and into Alaska; Western Hemisphere to southeast Asia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Counterpoint: 7 Ways European Warblers Outperform American Warblers", "**Trailblazing adventurers**: Old World warblers have even colonized the New World\u2014the [Arctic Warbler](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/arctic_warbler/id) breeds from Scandinavia across Russia and into Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Counterpoint: 7 Ways European Warblers Outperform American Warblers", "**Trailblazing adventurers**: Old World warblers have even colonized the New World\u2014the [Arctic Warbler](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/arctic_warbler/id) breeds from Scandinavia across Russia and into Alaska.", "(In an extra show of chops, these Alaskan birds migrate back from the Western Hemisphere to southeast Asia each winter.)" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/arts-council", "title": "Arts Council |", "species": "godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "Pauline Samways, together with the Motueka Arts Council, has greatly increased local community awareness of [godwits](http://www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/home-and-garden/involve-the-family/meet-the-locals-videos/fifth-series/godwits/): birds who complete their non-stop migration from Alaska to here in New Zealand." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70232392", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "bar-tailed godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "staged in the Yellow Sea and then flew to the breeding grounds in the eastern Russian Arctic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Abstract", "Bar-tailed godwits in the East Asian\u2013Australasian Flyway *Limosa lapponica baueri* and *L. l. menzbieri* are known for their long non-stop flights, however these populations are in steep decline." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Abstract", "During pre-breeding migration, all birds staged in the Yellow Sea and then flew to the breeding grounds in the eastern Russian Arctic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/news-attached-files/red_knot_finallistingFAQs-12-8%20FINAL%20(1).pdf", "title": "DRAFT_QAs_red_knot_final_rule_11.17.14.docx", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal and inland United States migration corridors from Argentina to Canada, including Patagonia, Argentina; eastern and northern Brazil; the southeast United States; the Virginia barrier islands; Delaware Bay; Hudson Bay, James Bay, St. Lawrence River, Mingan Archipelago and Bay of Fundy in Canada; Massachusetts and New Jersey coasts; Altamaha River in Georgia; the Caribbean; and the northern coast of South America from Brazil to Guyana", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Protects the Rufa Red Knot as", "The rufa red knot migrates annually between its breeding grounds in the Canadian \nArctic and several wintering regions, including the southeast United States, the \nnorthwest Gulf of Mexico, northern Brazil and Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of \nSouth America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "During both the northbound (spring) and southbound (fall) migrations, groups of a \nfew individuals to thousands of rufa red knots can be found anywhere along the \ncoastal and inland United States migration corridors from Argentina to Canada.", "In \nthe spring, well-known staging and stopover areas include Patagonia, Argentina; \neastern and northern Brazil; the southeast United States; the Virginia barrier \nislands; and Delaware Bay.", "In the fall, well known migration stopovers include Hudson Bay, James Bay, St. \nLawrence River, Mingan Archipelago and Bay of Fundy in Canada; Massachusetts \nand New Jersey coasts; Altamaha River in Georgia; the Caribbean; and the northern \ncoast of South America from Brazil to Guyana.", "The rufa red knot migrates annually between its breeding grounds in the Canadian \nArctic and several wintering regions, including the southeast United States, the \nnorthwest Gulf of Mexico, northern Brazil and Tierra del Fuego at the southern tip of \nSouth America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?family=6464", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada to Costa Rica", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "Despite their small size, impressive migrants may migrate from Canada to Costa Rica." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "Despite their small size, impressive migrants may migrate from Canada to Costa Rica." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?family=6464", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Calliope Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada all the way to southern Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Calliope Hummingbird", "Despite its tiny size, it is able to survive cold summer nights at high elevations in the northern Rockies, and some migrate every year from Canada all the way to southern Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Calliope Hummingbird", "Despite its tiny size, it is able to survive cold summer nights at high elevations in the northern Rockies, and some migrate every year from Canada all the way to southern Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/bird-guide?family=6464", "title": "Guide to North American Birds", "species": "Costa's Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Arizona and California deserts to coastal California and Baja", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Costa's Hummingbird", "In Arizona and California deserts, this species nests during late winter and spring, and most then avoid the hot summer by migrating to coastal California and Baja." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Guide to North American Birds", "Explore more than 800 North American bird species, learn about their lives and habitats, and how climate change is impacting their ability to survive.", "Costa's Hummingbird", "In Arizona and California deserts, this species nests during late winter and spring, and most then avoid the hot summer by migrating to coastal California and Baja." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/recovery_plan/2023_red%20knot%20recovery%20plan_final_508%20compliant%20signed.pdf", "title": "Recovery Plan for the Rufa Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa)", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Rufa Red Knot Recovery Plan", "I. Introduction" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Rufa Red Knot Recovery Plan", "Summary of Species Biology and Needs", "The single most important spring \nstaging area is along the shores of Delaware Bay in Delaware and New Jersey, where rufa red \nknots achieve very high rates of weight gain feeding on the eggs of spawning horseshoe crabs \n(Limulus polyphemus)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/september-october-2004/banding-hummingbirds-solve-their", "title": "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "species": "calliope", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Every year calliopes tackle a perilous 5,000-mile round-trip migration, from the mountains of the western United States and Canada to south-central Mexico and back again." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/september-october-2004/banding-hummingbirds-solve-their", "title": "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "species": "rufous", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Banding Hummingbirds to Solve their Mysterious Ways", "Some of these hummers travel about 6,000 miles round-trip between the forests of central Mexico and coastal Alaska each year\u2014measured in body lengths, it\u2019s the longest migration of any bird in North America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/kuaka", "title": "Kuaka |", "species": "Eastern bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "New Zealand, China and Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "What is brown and grey, gets easily spooked, and connects New Zealand, China and Alaska?" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Archives For 30/11/1999", "What is brown and grey, gets easily spooked, and connects New Zealand, China and Alaska?" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/news/ShowNews.cfm?ID=306702E2-C4DB-EDF8-28653BB2E2D600F5", "title": "Service Protects Red Knot as Threatened Under the Endangered Species Act | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "\u201cThe red knot is a remarkable and resilient bird known to migrate thousands of miles a year from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America,\u201d said Service Director Dan Ashe." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Since the 1980s, the knot\u2019s population has fallen by about 75 percent in some key areas, largely due to declines in one of its primary food resources \u2013 horseshoe crab eggs in Delaware Bay, an important migratory stopover site." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/10-fun-facts-about-ruby-throated-hummingbird", "title": "10 Fun Facts About the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "crossing the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# 10 Fun Facts About the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "In the fall, some will migrate from southeastern Canada as far south as Costa Rica, with the most intrepid birds crossing the Gulf of Mexico in one nonstop, 500-mile flight." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# 10 Fun Facts About the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "In the fall, some will migrate from southeastern Canada as far south as Costa Rica, with the most intrepid birds crossing the Gulf of Mexico in one nonstop, 500-mile flight." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/hawk-watching-quiz-crossley-style", "title": "A Hawk-Watching Quiz on the Prairie, Crossley Style | All About Birds", "species": "Red-tailed Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "northern Great Plains to southern Great Plains", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Krider\u2019s is a pale subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk that breeds mainly on the northern Great Plains and winters on the southern Great Plains.", "# A Hawk-Watching Quiz on the Prairie, Crossley Style" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Krider\u2019s is a pale subspecies of the Red-tailed Hawk that breeds mainly on the northern Great Plains and winters on the southern Great Plains.", "# A Hawk-Watching Quiz on the Prairie, Crossley Style" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/hummingbird-migration-celebration", "title": "Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada through Mississippi", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "Each fall, thousands of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate from Canada through Mississippi to their winter home in Mexico and Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Hummingbird Migration Celebration", "Each fall, thousands of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate from Canada through Mississippi to their winter home in Mexico and Central America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/where-and-when-see-biggest-variety-of-western-hummingbirds", "title": "Where and When to See the Biggest Variety of Western Hummingbirds", "species": "Calliope Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from southern Mexico to British Columbia and back again", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Where and When to See the Biggest Variety of Western Hummingbirds", "At the right place and time, you can catch a kaleidoscopic display of species, from the tiny Calliope Hummingbird\u2014which weighs about as much as a ping pong ball yet can migrate 5,000 miles each year, from southern Mexico to British Columbia and back again\u2014to the largest hummer in the United States, the well-named Blue-throated Mountain-gem." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Where and When to See the Biggest Variety of Western Hummingbirds", "At the right place and time, you can catch a kaleidoscopic display of species, from the tiny Calliope Hummingbird\u2014which weighs about as much as a ping pong ball yet can migrate 5,000 miles each year, from southern Mexico to British Columbia and back again\u2014to the largest hummer in the United States, the well-named Blue-throated Mountain-gem." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Red%20knot_fact%20sheet.pdf", "title": "Red Knot Fact Sheet", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from south to north every spring and \nrepeat the trip in reverse every \nautumn", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Red Knot \n(Calidris \ncanutus)", "Description: The red knot is a \nmedium-sized, highly migratory \nshorebird approximately 9 inches \nlong with a wingspans of about \n20 inches." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some red knots fly \nmore than 9,300 miles from \nsouth to north every spring and \nrepeat the trip in reverse every \nautumn, making this bird one of \nthe longest-distance migrants.", "Description: The red knot is a \nmedium-sized, highly migratory \nshorebird approximately 9 inches \nlong with a wingspans of about \n20 inches." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Red%20knot_fact%20sheet.pdf", "title": "Red Knot Fact Sheet", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Maine", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Red Knot \n(Calidris \ncanutus)", "Occurrence in Maine: Red knots nest in the high Canadian arctic and occur in Maine \nduring their spring and fall migrations." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Occurrence in Maine: Red knots nest in the high Canadian arctic and occur in Maine \nduring their spring and fall migrations.", "Red Knot \n(Calidris \ncanutus)" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/carp/carp/sites/default/files/documents/Shorebird%20DBEP%20factsheet%204-7-2020_0.pdf", "title": "Monitoring shorebirds of Delaware Bay and conserving and restoring their habitat", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Delaware Bay Estuary Project", "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service \u2013 Coastal Program", "Foraging shorebirds, such as the \nfederally threatened red knot as well as sanderling, \nsemipalmated sandpiper, and ruddy turnstone, rely on the \nabundant and easily digested eggs of the horseshoe crab.", "The red knot is an example of a long distance \nmigrant wintering as far away as the \nsouthern tip of South America and nesting in \nthe Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Delaware Bay Estuary Project", "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service \u2013 Coastal Program", "Red knots \narrive in early to mid-May in Delaware Bay \nat approximately 100 grams and leave in late \nMay weighing 180 grams." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "http://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/WhosWhoHumm", "title": "Audubon Adventures - Who's Who?", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Who's Who?", "- ![ruby](imgs/circle5.jpg)\nRuby-throated Hummingbird", "- This is the only hummingbird that breeds in the eastern United States. When it migrates, it flies about 500 miles nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico. If you know what color a ruby is, you can identify this hummingbird." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## Who's Who?", "- ![ruby](imgs/circle5.jpg)\nRuby-throated Hummingbird", "- This is the only hummingbird that breeds in the eastern United States. When it migrates, it flies about 500 miles nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico. If you know what color a ruby is, you can identify this hummingbird." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "http://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/WhosWhoHumm", "title": "Audubon Adventures - Who's Who?", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Mexico to Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Who's Who?", "- ![rufous](imgs/circle6.jpg)\nRufous Hummingbird", "- This hummingbird migrates farther north than any other hummingbird. Some travel about 3,900 miles from Mexico to Alaska to breed. \u201cRufous\u201d means reddish-brown." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## Who's Who?", "- ![rufous](imgs/circle6.jpg)\nRufous Hummingbird", "- This hummingbird migrates farther north than any other hummingbird. Some travel about 3,900 miles from Mexico to Alaska to breed. \u201cRufous\u201d means reddish-brown." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Before returning to their summer habitat in the Arctic, they stop off in Delaware to feed on the eggs of horseshoe crabs to fuel up for the long flight." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Before returning to their summer habitat in the Arctic, they stop off in Delaware to feed on the eggs of horseshoe crabs to fuel up for the long flight." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation.", "These birds fly more than 9,300 miles from South America to the Arctic each spring and repeat the trip in reverse each autumn." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation.", "These birds fly more than 9,300 miles from South America to the Arctic each spring and repeat the trip in reverse each autumn." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Arctic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation.", "These birds fly more than 9,300 miles from South America to the Arctic each spring and repeat the trip in reverse each autumn." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/endangered/map/state/DE.html", "title": "Endangered Species | Map | State |", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South America to the Arctic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "ES Home Species What We Do For Landowners Landowner Tools Overview Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) Safe Harbor Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances Conservation Banking Recovery Credits and Tax Deductions Conservation Plans Database Information, Planning and Conservation System (IPaC) Recovery Online Activity Reporting System (ROAR) Permits Grants News About Us FWS Regions Laws & Policies Library For Kids 1 2 Calling all red knot fans A group of conservation organizations is building a base of red knot fans in the Delaware Bay.", "Red knots (Calidris canutus ssp. rufa) are teacup-sized migratory shorebirds that are true masters of long-distance aviation.", "These birds fly more than 9,300 miles from South America to the Arctic each spring and repeat the trip in reverse each autumn." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/goodbye-yellow-rump-will-we-see-a-return-to-myrtle-and-audubons-warblers", "title": "Goodbye, Yellow-rump: Will We See a Return to Myrtle and Audubon's Warblers? | All About Birds", "species": "Myrtle Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "##### By Hugh Powell", "A quick guide to the four forms of Yellow-rumped Warbler", "The Myrtle form breeds in eastern and northern North America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/goodbye-yellow-rump-will-we-see-a-return-to-myrtle-and-audubons-warblers", "title": "Goodbye, Yellow-rump: Will We See a Return to Myrtle and Audubon's Warblers? | All About Birds", "species": "Audubon's Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "##### By Hugh Powell", "A quick guide to the four forms of Yellow-rumped Warbler", "Audubon's warblers breed in western North America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://gl.audubon.org/news/spring-migration-great-lakes", "title": "Spring Migration in the Great Lakes", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coasts of Mexico, Central America, the coast, or across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "The only hummingbird in the Eastern U.S. this small species weighs in at just 3 grams -- the same weight as your standard U.S. penny!", "Ruby-throated Hummingbirds typically return to the Great Lakes region in mid-May and stay throughout the summer." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "This brilliantly colored hummingbird migrates south each winter along the coasts of Mexico and throughout Central America.", "While their migratory routes are poorly documented, it is known that some follow the coast, while others will make the astonishing non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico (a roughly 600 mile journey over open water)!" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://gl.audubon.org/news/spring-migration-great-lakes", "title": "Spring Migration in the Great Lakes", "species": "Golden-crowned Kinglet", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf Coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "These small, fairy-like forest birds flutter non-stop as they feed on seeds and insects during migration.", "While some Golden-crowned Kinglets can be found in parts of the region year-round, many winter as far south as the Gulf Coast!" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "These small, fairy-like forest birds flutter non-stop as they feed on seeds and insects during migration.", "While some Golden-crowned Kinglets can be found in parts of the region year-round, many winter as far south as the Gulf Coast!" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://gl.audubon.org/news/spring-migration-great-lakes", "title": "Spring Migration in the Great Lakes", "species": "Ruby-crowned Kinglet", "breeding_area": "Northern Wisconsin and the U.P. of Michigan", "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Northern Wisconsin and the U.P. of Michigan", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "These small, fairy-like forest birds flutter non-stop as they feed on seeds and insects during migration.", "Ruby-crowned Kinglets are typically seen across the region during spring migration as they journey to their Great Lakes breeding grounds in Northern Wisconsin and the U.P. of Michigan." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "These small, fairy-like forest birds flutter non-stop as they feed on seeds and insects during migration.", "Ruby-crowned Kinglets are typically seen across the region during spring migration as they journey to their Great Lakes breeding grounds in Northern Wisconsin and the U.P. of Michigan." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Whether you are new to bird watching or an experienced birder, spring migration has something to offer everyone as hundreds of bird species don their brightest breeding plumage and journey through the Great Lakes region, loudly signing their songs.", "These small, fairy-like forest birds flutter non-stop as they feed on seeds and insects during migration.", "Ruby-crowned Kinglets are typically seen across the region during spring migration as they journey to their Great Lakes breeding grounds in Northern Wisconsin and the U.P. of Michigan." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3056/fs20203056.pdf", "title": "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center \u2014 FS 2020-3056", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "central Pacific Ocean; Yellow Sea", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey \nAlaska Science Center", "For example, the USGS Alaska Science Center \ndocumented that Limosa lapponica (bar-tailed \ngodwits) complete their fall migration in a single \nnonstop flight across the central Pacific Ocean, a \n7,000-mile, 9-day movement that represents the \nworld\u2019s longest non-stop bird migration." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey \nAlaska Science Center", "For example, the USGS Alaska Science Center \ndocumented that Limosa lapponica (bar-tailed \ngodwits) complete their fall migration in a single \nnonstop flight across the central Pacific Ocean, a \n7,000-mile, 9-day movement that represents the \nworld\u2019s longest non-stop bird migration." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2020/3056/fs20203056.pdf", "title": "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center \u2014 FS 2020-3056", "species": "marbled godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific Northwest", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey \nAlaska Science Center", "Recent \nwork by the USGS Alaska Science Center uncovered \nhow the population of Limosa fedoa (marbled \ngodwits) that breeds in Alaska adaptively structures \nits migration around prevailing environmental \nconditions.", "Researchers determined that individual \nbirds predictably visited the same coastal sites in \nthe Pacific Northwest year after year, but that the \nduration of stay and timing of their use of these sites \nvaried annually, detailing a previously unappreciated \nflexibility in the annual routines of these birds." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Shorebird Research at the U.S. Geological Survey \nAlaska Science Center", "Recent \nwork by the USGS Alaska Science Center uncovered \nhow the population of Limosa fedoa (marbled \ngodwits) that breeds in Alaska adaptively structures \nits migration around prevailing environmental \nconditions.", "Researchers determined that individual \nbirds predictably visited the same coastal sites in \nthe Pacific Northwest year after year, but that the \nduration of stay and timing of their use of these sites \nvaried annually, detailing a previously unappreciated \nflexibility in the annual routines of these birds." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/2006-09/red-knot-named-candidate-endangered-species-act-protection", "title": "Red knot named candidate for Endangered Species Act protection | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The rufa subspecies of red knot, a kind of sandpiper, winters near the tip of South America and begins its long journey north in mid-February." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Large numbers of red knots arrive at Delaware Bay beginning in mid-May." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/a-galaxy-of-falcons", "title": "A Galaxy of Falcons | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Amur falcon", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Asia through northeastern India across the Indian Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# A Galaxy of Falcons", "And in a summer issue of Living Bird he wrote a story for us about the epic migration of Amur falcons through remote northeastern India." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# A Galaxy of Falcons", "Each autumn, more than a million Amur Falcons congregate in India\u2019s remote northeast state of Nagaland, pausing on a 9,000-mile migration from Asia to southern Africa.", "They, they fly 2,400 miles non-stop across the Indian Ocean and down in and to spend the winter in southern Africa in South Africa and some of the neighboring some of the neighboring countries." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/docs/AA_Migratory_birds_FINAL.pdf", "title": "AA_Migratory_birds.indd", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Birds on the Move", "It\u2019s a \nRufous Hummingbird, pausing \nto refuel on its annual journey \nsouth from Alaska to Mexico\u2014\na trip of almost 4,000 miles." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/docs/AA_Migratory_birds_FINAL.pdf", "title": "AA_Migratory_birds.indd", "species": "Whimbrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Southampton Island off the east coast of northern Canada to the island of St. Croix in the Caribbean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "HOPE'S LONG JOURNEY", "This map shows the \nmigration journeys \nof a Whimbrel that \nscientists have \nnamed \u201cHope.\u201d" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "HOPE'S LONG JOURNEY", "On one \npart of her journey, from Southampton \nIsland off the east coast of northern \nCanada to the island of St. Croix in \nthe Caribbean, Hope fl ew 3,500 miles \nwithout stopping." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/docs/AA_Migratory_birds_FINAL.pdf", "title": "AA_Migratory_birds.indd", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "\u201cMi-greats!\u201d\nAmazing \nMigratory-\nBird Facts" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "\u201cMi-greats!\u201d\nAmazing \nMigratory-\nBird Facts", "Yet \nthis tiny bird can \nfly nearly 600 \nmiles nonstop \nacross the Gulf of \nMexico\u2014a journey \nof about 20 hours." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/docs/AA_Migratory_birds_FINAL.pdf", "title": "AA_Migratory_birds.indd", "species": "Wood Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "LIFE CYCLE AND HABITAT", "Wood Thrushes raise their young in the forests of the eastern United States." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "LIFE CYCLE AND HABITAT", "They migrate between the U.S. and \nCentral America, flying nonstop across the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/ecological-services/news/archives/2015-stories.html", "title": "Ecological Services", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Changing Climate of the Delaware Bay: Knot an Easy Solution", "The red knot (Calidris canutus) is a robin-sized shorebird with one of the longest yearly migrations, traveling as many as 9,300 miles from its Arctic breeding grounds to the tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The Changing Climate of the Delaware Bay: Knot an Easy Solution", "The Delaware Bay is important for red knots during their annual migration." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/Hudsonian_Godwit/lifehistory", "title": "Hudsonian Godwit Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Hudsonian Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "vast areas of continent and ocean, stopping in open wetlands such as lakes, large rainwater pools, flooded agricultural areas (including rice farms), sewage ponds, freshwater impoundments, and wet pastures. They also use saltmarshes, brackish swamps, estuaries, lagoons. They often roost on adjacent beaches and shelly areas. Migrating flocks may land at high-elevation lakes in the Andes (as high as 12,140 feet in Bolivia). In recent decades, observers have documented flocks in Amazonian Brazil landing on muddy islands that emerge as river levels fall during the dry season.", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Habitat", "Hudsonian Godwits breed in the arctic, especially where the boreal forest (taiga) gives way to wet tundra meadows and bogs." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## Habitat", "During their very long migration, Hudsonian Godwits fly over vast areas of continent and ocean, stopping in open wetlands such as lakes, large rainwater pools, flooded agricultural areas (including rice farms), sewage ponds, freshwater impoundments, and wet pastures.", "They also use saltmarshes, brackish swamps, estuaries, lagoons.", "They often roost on adjacent beaches and shelly areas.", "Migrating flocks may land at high-elevation lakes in the Andes (as high as 12,140 feet in Bolivia).", "In recent decades, observers have documented flocks in Amazonian Brazil landing on muddy islands that emerge as river levels fall during the dry season." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/bird-vs-building-portraits-flight-gone-wrong", "title": "Bird vs. Building: Portraits of Flight Gone Wrong", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bird vs. Building: Portraits of Flight Gone Wrong", "Of all the birds [Miranda Brandon](http://www.mirandabrandon.com/) collected on the streets of Minneapolis and St. Paul in 2013, it was perhaps the Ruby-throated Hummingbird that hurt the worst." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bird vs. Building: Portraits of Flight Gone Wrong", "Ruby-throats, which weigh less than a nickel, can fly up to 2,500 miles from Canada to Central America during fall migration, including a nonstop push across the 500-mile-wide Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/hawkes-bay/places/napier-area/ahuriri-estuary/ahuriri-estuary-bird-guide", "title": "Ahuriri Estuary bird guide", "species": "Bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "From Northern Scandinavia across Northern Siberia to Alaska, then along a route from Alaska to New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Northern hemisphere migrants Bar-tailed godwit (kuaka) Breed from Northern Scandinavia across Northern Siberia to Alaska.", "Northern hemisphere migrants" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Breed from Northern Scandinavia across Northern Siberia to Alaska.", "The journey is 11000\u201312000 km undertaken in 8\u20139 days along a route from Alaska to New Zealand.", "Northern hemisphere migrants" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2010/r5/B0DM_V01.pdf", "title": "{Format note \u2013 this is in MSWord, the font is Times New Roman, 12-point, please open this in MSWord, otherwise the formatting ", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Iceland", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "SCIENTIFIC NAME: Calidris canutus rufa", "COMMON NAME: Red Knot (subspecies rufa)", "Taxonomy \nThe red knot is classified in the Class Aves, Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii, Family \nScolopacidae, Subfamily Scolopacinae (American Ornithologists Union (AOU) 2005).", "The subspecies C. c. islandica breeds in the \nnortheastern high Canadian Arctic and Greenland, migrates through Iceland, and winters in \nwestern Europe." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The subspecies C. c. islandica breeds in the \nnortheastern high Canadian Arctic and Greenland, migrates through Iceland, and winters in \nwestern Europe.", "Taxonomy \nThe red knot is classified in the Class Aves, Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii, Family \nScolopacidae, Subfamily Scolopacinae (American Ornithologists Union (AOU) 2005)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2010/r5/B0DM_V01.pdf", "title": "{Format note \u2013 this is in MSWord, the font is Times New Roman, 12-point, please open this in MSWord, otherwise the formatting ", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic coast of North America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "SCIENTIFIC NAME: Calidris canutus rufa", "COMMON NAME: Red Knot (subspecies rufa)", "Taxonomy \nThe red knot is classified in the Class Aves, Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii, Family \nScolopacidae, Subfamily Scolopacinae (American Ornithologists Union (AOU) 2005).", "C. c. rufa breeds in the central Canadian Arctic and \nmigrates primarily along the Atlantic coast of North America (Piersma and Davidson 1992, p. \n191; Harrington 2001, p. 4; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2003, p. 15)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "C. c. rufa breeds in the central Canadian Arctic and \nmigrates primarily along the Atlantic coast of North America (Piersma and Davidson 1992, p. \n191; Harrington 2001, p. 4; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2003, p. 15).", "Taxonomy \nThe red knot is classified in the Class Aves, Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii, Family \nScolopacidae, Subfamily Scolopacinae (American Ornithologists Union (AOU) 2005)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/candidate/assessments/2010/r5/B0DM_V01.pdf", "title": "{Format note \u2013 this is in MSWord, the font is Times New Roman, 12-point, please open this in MSWord, otherwise the formatting ", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "SCIENTIFIC NAME: Calidris canutus rufa", "COMMON NAME: Red Knot (subspecies rufa)", "Taxonomy \nThe red knot is classified in the Class Aves, Order Charadriiformes, Suborder Charadrii, Family \nScolopacidae, Subfamily Scolopacinae (American Ornithologists Union (AOU) 2005).", "Each year red knots make one of the longest distance migrations known in the animal kingdom, \ntraveling approximately 30,000 kilometers (km) annually between wintering grounds in southern \nSouth America and breeding areas within the Canadian Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Long-billed Curlews", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "January 12, 2026 Tracking Data for Long-billed Curlews (Numenius americanus)", "This species nests in deserts and grasslands of central and western North America and spends the nonbreeding season in agriculture fields and pastures or along coastlines in California, Texas, and Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "buff-breasted sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data of buff-breasted sandpiper, a shorebird species that breeds only in Arctic Alaska and Canada, spending the winter in the grasslands of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina after a lengthy migration." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "long-tailed duck", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data of long-tailed duck, a species of seaduck that breeds throughout the circumpolar Arctic and spends the winter in coastal areas of northern and mid latitudes." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "January 12, 2026 Tracking Data for Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica)", "One of the subspecies, Limosa lapponica baueri, nests in Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season in New Zealand and eastern Australia whereas L.l.menzbieri nests in Siberia and spends the nonbreeding season in western Australia." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "red-faced cormorant", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data for the red-faced cormorant, a seabird species that is found only in the North Pacific Ocean, breeding and wintering from southern Alaska and throughout the Aleutian Islands to Far Eastern Russia." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Spectacled Eider", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data of Spectacled Eider, a sea duck species that breeds only in Alaska and Russia and spends the winter exclusively in the Bering Sea." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Emperor Goose", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "January 12, 2026 Tracking Data for Emperor Geese (Anser canagicus)", "Available here are tracking data for the Emperor Goose, an endemic waterfowl species to the Bering Sea region that breeds primarily in western Alaska on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and spends the winter in southwestern Alaska and throughout the Aleutian Islands." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Pacific Loons", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data of Pacific Loons, a species that breeds throughout much of Alaska and winters throughout the Pacific Ocean basin, along the costs of East Asia and the U.S." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/index.php/centers/alaska-science-center/science/science-topics/birds", "title": "Birds", "species": "Greater White-fronted Geese", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Available here are tracking data of Greater White-fronted Geese, a species that nests in coastal areas of western and northern Alaska and winters across a broad area of North America along the Pacific and Central flyways." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/news/blog/index.cfm/2016/11/30/Modeling-a-Future-for-Horseshoe-Crabs-and-Red-Knots", "title": "Modeling a Future for Horseshoe Crabs and Red Knots", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A Talk on the Wild Side. Modeling a Future for Horseshoe Crabs and Red Knots Red knots feed around a horseshoe crab at Mispillion Harbor, Delaware.", "The red knot, a migratory shorebird, is also a big fan \u2014 the bird feeds on horseshoe crab eggs to fuel their 9,000-mile migration from wintering grounds in South America up to breeding grounds in the Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/art/birds-america/ruby-throated-humming-bird", "title": "Ruby-throated Humming Bird", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Featured in this Plate", "The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the only breeding hummingbird in eastern North America.", "Despite their small size, impressive migrants may migrate from Canada to Costa Rica." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70221492", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "trans-Pacific flight", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "In a 1998 paper entitled \u201cGuts don\u2019t fly: small digestive organs in obese bar-tailed godwits,\u201dPiersma and Gill (1998)showed that the digestive organs were tiny and the fat loads huge in individuals suspected of embarking on a non-stop flight from Alaska to New Zealand.", "Abstract" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Here we document the verity of the proposed physiomorphic changes by comparing organ sizes and body composition of bar-tailed godwits*Limosa lapponica baueri*collected in modesty midway during their fueling period (mid-September; fueling,*n*= 7) with the previously published data for godwits that had just departed on their trans-Pacific flight (October 19; flying,*n*= 9).", "Abstract" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/service-finalizes-recovery-plan-threatened-rufa-red-knot", "title": "Service finalizes recovery plan for threatened rufa red knot | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has finalized a recovery plan for the rufa red knot, a subspecies listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.", "One of the longest-distance migrants in the animal kingdom, rufa red knots travel as far as 18,000 miles each year between their breeding grounds on the central Canadian arctic tundra and four wintering regions, ranging from North Carolina to Chile." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/audubon-nfwf-mark-10th-year-neotropical-migratory-bird-conservation-act", "title": "Audubon & NFWF Mark 10th Year of NeoTropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act", "species": "Ruby-throated hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Audubon & NFWF Mark 10th Year of NeoTropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act", "Ruby-throated hummingbirds have already begun to make [landfall](http://www.hummingbirds.net/map-migration.html) after crossing the Gulf of Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Audubon & NFWF Mark 10th Year of NeoTropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act", "Ruby-throated hummingbirds have already begun to make [landfall](http://www.hummingbirds.net/map-migration.html) after crossing the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://netapp.audubon.org/AudubonAdventures/pollinatorgame", "title": "AUDUBON ADVENTURES Hummingbirds on the Move", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coast of Texas, Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Every year, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds migrate between their breeding grounds in eastern North America and wintering grounds in Central America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some will fly along the coast of Texas.", "But many will make a 500-mile, 20-hour nonstop flight across the waters of the Gulf of Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/palm_warbler/overview", "title": "Palm Warbler Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Palm Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada's boreal forest to the Caribbean and a narrow strip along the southeastern United States and occasionally along the West Coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A warbler that doesn\u2019t act like one, the Palm Warbler spends its time walking on the ground, wagging its tail up and down.", "Basic Description" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "They breed mainly in Canada\u2019s boreal forest, but most people see them during migration or on wintering grounds foraging in open areas.", "They spend the winters in the Caribbean and in a narrow strip along the southeastern United States and occasionally along the West Coast.", "Basic Description", "More ID Info" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "White-rumped Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Migration Headache", "The White-rumped \nSandpiper, for example, migrates \neach year from the Arctic Circle \nto the southernmost tip of South \nAmerica and back, a round trip \nof 20,000 miles!" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "American Avocet", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Migration Headache", "Some, like the American \nAvocet, breed in the northern part \nof the United States and winter \nin the southern part of the United \nStates." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "American Golden-Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Migration Math Madness", "Consider \n\nthe American Golden-Plover that \nflies 4350 miles nonstop, twice each \nyear, between South America and \nNorthern Canada and the Alaskan \ntundra." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Pectoral Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Migration Math Madness", "Pectoral Sandpipers winter in \nSouthern South America but breed \nas far west as Central Siberia." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Tierra del Fuego, central coast of Argentina, northern coast of South America, Delaware Bay, Hudson Bay, Melville Peninsula, James Bay, Atlantic coastline, Suriname", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Red Knot", "January 8th", "March 14th", "May 19th", "May 31st", "June 3rd", "July 18th" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Red Knot", "There are thousands of us feeding on the sandy \nbeaches and mud flats at the southern tip of South \nAmerica in Tierra del Fuego.", "I arrived on the central coast of Argentina to feed \nagain on the invertebrates living in the mud of the \nimmense tidal sand flat.", "After a nonstop flight to the northern coast of South \nAmerica, then across the ocean, I arrived on the \nsandy beaches and tidal flats of the Delaware Bay.", "We \nall move away from the advancing water, moving \nas one.", "As we fly over the northern Canadian tundra pools \nand hummocks of the Melville Penninsula, I leave \nthe flock and fly down to a barren area scattered \nwith vegetation.", "Leaving our young behind, I make it to James Bay.", "From here I \nwill follow the west winds to the Atlantic coastline \nwhere I will feed almost constantly until late \nAugust.", "By September I\u2019ll be ready for the nonstop, four-\nday flight over the ocean to Suriname." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Ruddy Turnstone", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal south Florida, Delaware Bay, Churchill on the Hudson Bay, north of Hudson Bay, Atlantic coastline (Parker River National Wildlife Refuge, Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, Sapelo Island National Estuarine Reserve), southern tip of Florida, northern Argentina", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Ruddy Turnstone", "April 10th", "May 16th", "June 3rd", "June 16th", "July 8th", "September 4th" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Ruddy Turnstone", "I have been working my way northward for the past \nmonth or so, finding many sandy beaches and mud \nflats in coastal south Florida.", "For the last couple of years, I stop along the \nDelaware Bay to gorge myself on horseshoe crab \neggs.", "I stop \nat Churchill, on the Hudson Bay to feed along their \njetties before continuing.", "I arrive on the breeding grounds north of Hudson \nBay and look for the location I have used in the \npast.", "Along the way I meet \nup with other Ruddy Turnstones and we form \nsmall flocks as we work our way down the Atlantic \ncoastline, stopping at Parker River National \nWildlife Refuge in Massachusetts, \nPea Island National Wildlife Refuge in North \nCarolina, and Sapelo Island National Estuarine \nReserve in Georgia.", "After we depart from the national wildlife refuges \nand sanctuaries at the southern tip of Florida, our \nsmall flock arrives in northern Argentina." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Marbled Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Humboldt Bay, Great Salt Lake, Benton Lake, Quill Lakes in Saskatchewan, Antelope Island State Park, Bodega Bay or west side of the Gulf of California", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Marbled Godwit", "April 15th", "April 30th", "June 4th", "June 15th", "June 30th", "August 14th", "September 15th", "November 10th" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-Marbled Godwit", "Well, I\u2019m fattening up on worms and insect larvae in \nthe mudflats of Humbolt Bay.", "I made it to the Great Salt Lake.", "I will stop once more at Benton Lake, \nMontana before reaching the breeding grounds.", "I\u2019ve arrived at Quill Lakes in Saskatchewan, Canada.", "It\u2019s time to head south again before winter blows \nin.", "I stop to rest and feed at Antelope Island State Park \nin the Great Salt Lake.", "I made it! I completed another successful flight \ndown to Humbolt Bay, California.", "Many of us \nMarbled Godwits continue even farther south \nto Bodega Bay or to the west side of the Gulf of \nCalifornia." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1558.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Western Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coast of Peru, San Diego Bay national wildlife refuges, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon Island National Wildlife Refuge, Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska coast (Copper River Delta), Alaskan Arctic Tundra of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Kachemak Bay at the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Stikine River Delta, Marismas Nacionales near Tepic, Peru", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-W.Sandpiper", "April 10th", "April 20th", "May 10th", "May 20th", "June 1st", "June10", "June 24th", "July 18th", "August 30th" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Explore the World with Shorebirds!", "Precarious Paths", "Precarious Paths Clue Card-W.Sandpiper", "It\u2019s amazing having so \nmany of us together at one time.", "After stopping at several locations to rest and refuel, \nwe\u2019ve made it to the United States at the national \nwildlife refuges in San Diego Bay.", "We\u2019ll rest and \nrefuel in the mudflats before heading to our next \nstop-- San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge.", "After leaving Oregon Island National Wildlife Refuge, \nwe stopped at Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge \nbefore heading to the nutrient-rich Alaska coast!", "I bet there are one million of us here at Alaska\u2019s \nCopper River Delta.", "Looks like the males have beaten us here to the \nAlaskan Artic Tundra of the Arctic National Wildlife \nRefuge.", "Here we go again!", "Having left the young behind, I fly to Kachemak \nBay at the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife \nRefuge, then to Stikine River Delta along the \nCanadian coast.", "We have arrived at Marismas Nacionalas near \nTepic, Mexico.", "I will continue to Peru with one stop in Pan" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/education/teachers/birds/background.html", "title": "Bird Background | National Marine Sanctuaries", "species": "albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary in California and Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument in Hawai`i", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Winged Ambassadors", "Some species of albatross travel between the food rich-waters of Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary in California and the perfect breeding climate of Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument in Hawai`i." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## Winged Ambassadors", "Some species of albatross travel between the food rich-waters of Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary in California and the perfect breeding climate of Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument in Hawai`i." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/Arctic_Warbler/lifehistory", "title": "Arctic Warbler Life History, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Arctic Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Arctic Warblers in Alaska breed in brushy areas, often in dwarf willows, which grow in wet areas and near streams.", "## Habitat" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2009/storms-drive-seabirds-inland", "title": "News & events", "species": "titi", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Foveaux Strait, North Pacific", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Date: 11 June 2009 The Department of Conservation has received numerous calls from people who have found exhausted seabirds blown off course.", "Many titi (\u2018sooty shearwaters\u2019 or \u2018mutton birds\u2019) have been unable to endure harsh weather conditions in Foveaux Strait as they migrate to the North Pacific, being blown inland as far as Edendale and Wyndham." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Date: 11 June 2009 The Department of Conservation has received numerous calls from people who have found exhausted seabirds blown off course.", "Many titi (\u2018sooty shearwaters\u2019 or \u2018mutton birds\u2019) have been unable to endure harsh weather conditions in Foveaux Strait as they migrate to the North Pacific, being blown inland as far as Edendale and Wyndham." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/news/media-releases/2009/storms-drive-seabirds-inland", "title": "News & events", "species": "titi", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Date: 11 June 2009 The Department of Conservation has received numerous calls from people who have found exhausted seabirds blown off course.", "Titi often travel in flocks of up to 500,000 birds, spending the winter in Sub-Arctic waters as far north as the Gulf of Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Date: 11 June 2009 The Department of Conservation has received numerous calls from people who have found exhausted seabirds blown off course.", "Titi often travel in flocks of up to 500,000 birds, spending the winter in Sub-Arctic waters as far north as the Gulf of Alaska." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/new-migration-maps-help-birders-and-scientists-find-their-sister-cities", "title": "New Migration Maps Help Birders and Scientists Find Their Sister Cities | All About Birds", "species": "Black-throated Blue Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# New Migration Maps Help Birders and Scientists Find Their Sister Cities", "For example, he found that Black-throated Blue Warblers that breed in New York State show a very strong migratory connection to overwintering grounds in Jamaica." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/33456/noaa_33456_DS1.pdf", "title": "The factors influencing albatross interactions in the Hawaii longline fishery: towards identifying drivers and quantifying impacts", "species": "Black-footed Albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "North to the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, and farther east, to the west coast of North America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Overview of the 1998 Black-footed Albatross Population Biology Workshop", "At-sea sightings, fishery observer data sets, and satellite tracking showed that BFAL have a large \nmarine distribution with foraging areas that shift as a function of the breeding season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Overview of the 1998 Black-footed Albatross Population Biology Workshop", "During the remainder of the breeding season, from hatching and until \nthe chicks fledge in July, birds range farther north to the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, \nand farther east, to the west coast of North America, where they remain in July and August." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/our-work/bird-banding/banding-newsletter-july-2019.pdf", "title": "BirDBanD Jul 2019", "species": "Eastern Bar-Tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "One year on (and still going strong!) \u2013 Lance Kevey", "An Eastern Bar-Tailed Godwit banded on the shores of the Kaipara Harbour in March 1993 was shot \n\ndead by a hunter in June 2006\u2026 north-east of Nome, Alaska (over 11,300km from home)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/our-work/bird-banding/banding-newsletter-july-2019.pdf", "title": "BirDBanD Jul 2019", "species": "Hutton\u2019s Shearwater", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "through Cook Strait", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "One year on (and still going strong!) \u2013 Lance Kevey", "A juvenile Hutton\u2019s Shearwater was banded in March 2014 after it had crash-landed in suburban Kaikoura \n\non its maiden flight from the colony high in the Kaikoura mountains." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "One year on (and still going strong!) \u2013 Lance Kevey", "However, \n(surprise, surprise): it was next sighted \u2013 albeit sick \u2013 six days later on April 1st at Nambucca Heads, New \nSouth Wales\u2026 having flown 2,400km from Kaikoura, through Cook Strait to NSW." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Spring%20News%20%2723_final.pdf", "title": "Fish & Wildlife News", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay, Arctic, Monomoy Wildlife Refuge, Atlantic Ocean, New Jersey", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Spring 2023 Fish & Wildlife News / 19", "Restoration Collaboration", "Rufa red knots need places to rest and recharge, \n\nand we\u2019re working with partners to ensure they \nremain available.", "Imagine jet-setting from Tierra del Fuego up to the Arctic, stopping at sunny, beautiful beaches along the \nway \u2014 sounds like a dream, doesn\u2019t it?" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Spring 2023 Fish & Wildlife News / 19", "Restoration Collaboration", "Rufa red knots need places to rest and recharge, \n\nand we\u2019re working with partners to ensure they \nremain available.", "\u201cWe had a bird that was [tagged in] \nDelaware Bay and went up into the Arctic, \nthen headed south,\u201d Niles says." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/some-eurasian-blackcaps-are-flipping-migration-flying-north-for-winter", "title": "Some Eurasian Blackcaps Are Flipping Migration, Flying North for Winter | All About Birds", "species": "Eurasian Blackcaps", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "continental Europe to the British Isles and southern Scandinavia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A growing number of Eurasian Blackcaps are skipping Africa and heading to places like Britain and Ireland for winter.", "For several decades, scientists and birdwatchers have observed that a small number of Eurasian Blackcaps, common warblers that breed across most of Europe, were changing their migratory itineraries." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Instead of heading to the southern Mediterranean and Africa like most of their population, these pioneering blackcaps reversed their migration\u2014flying from breeding locales across continental Europe to winter in the woods and backyards of the British Isles and southern Scandinavia." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-08/lcra-tsc-final-biological-opinion.pdf", "title": "LCRA TSC Final BO", "species": "Whooping crane", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway)", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Biological and Conference Opinion", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "B. Whooping crane", "Whooping cranes migrate south through North and South Dakota, Nebraska, \nKansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway) starting in September reaching the wintering grounds in \nTexas late October to mid-November." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Biological and Conference Opinion", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "B. Whooping crane", "Whooping cranes migrate south through North and South Dakota, Nebraska, \nKansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway) starting in September reaching the wintering grounds in \nTexas late October to mid-November." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/gut-check-evolution-shapes-the-microbiomes-of-warblers", "title": "Gut Check: Evolution Shapes the Microbiomes of Warblers | All About Birds", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from the Maritime Provinces to the Carolinas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## One Mystery Gut Microbe May Power the Final Leg of Blackpoll Warbler Migration", "Cornell Lab of Ornithology Rose Postdoctoral Fellow Brian Trevelline started the study based on a hypothesis that Blackpoll Warblers are morphing their bodies both inside and out during their [epic intercontinental flights](https://www.allaboutbirds.org/news/eight-intriguing-migration-mysteries-solved-with-birdcast-and-ebird/) between breeding grounds in Canada and Alaska and overwintering areas in South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "## One Mystery Gut Microbe May Power the Final Leg of Blackpoll Warbler Migration", "For one aspect of the study, Trevelline focused on samples collected from blackpolls in a region from the Maritime Provinces to the Carolinas\u2014their halfway-point pit stop during fall migration, where they spend about two weeks fattening up for the final grueling leg of their journey, a nonstop flight over several days and 2,000 miles of open ocean to their South American wintering grounds." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70200374", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "European staging site", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed godwits migrating from West Africa to the Siberian Arctic reduce refuelling time at their European staging site and thus maintain a close match between breeding and tundra phenology.", "Abstract", "Fuelling conditions at staging sites can mitigate Arctic warming effects in a migratory bird" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed godwits migrating from West Africa to the Siberian Arctic reduce refuelling time at their European staging site and thus maintain a close match between breeding and tundra phenology.", "Abstract", "Fuelling conditions at staging sites can mitigate Arctic warming effects in a migratory bird" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/media/images/winds-role-bar-tailed-godwit-migrations-yellow-sea-alaska", "title": "Wind's role in Bar-tailed Godwit migrations from Yellow Sea to Alaska", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yellow Sea to Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Wind's role in Bar-tailed Godwit migrations from Yellow Sea to Alaska" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Wind's role in Bar-tailed Godwit migrations from Yellow Sea to Alaska" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/chasing-hudsonian-godwits-across-continents", "title": "Chasing Hudsonian Godwits Across Continents | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Hudsonian Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "central United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Each November, the inhabitants of Chilo\u00e9 share their island home with tens of thousands of wintering Godwits that have just returned from their breeding grounds in the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic, a grueling 9000 miles away.", "Each spring, Hudsonian Godwits from three primary wintering areas at the tip of South America: Chilo\u00e9 Island, Bahia Lomas, and Punta Rasa, begin to migrate north.", "They\u2019ll make a brief stop in the central United States, before completing the journey to their Arctic breeding grounds at James Bay, the Mackenzie River Delta and in south-central and western Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "They\u2019ll make a brief stop in the central United States, before completing the journey to their Arctic breeding grounds at James Bay, the Mackenzie River Delta and in south-central and western Alaska.", "Each spring, Hudsonian Godwits from three primary wintering areas at the tip of South America: Chilo\u00e9 Island, Bahia Lomas, and Punta Rasa, begin to migrate north." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/tag/oystercatcher", "title": "oystercatcher |", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "between New Zealand and Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "With the smell of sizzling bacon in the background, David Melville from Birds New Zealand explained that variable oystercatchers and banded dotterel are key inhabitants of the sandspit area, along with the better-known bar-tailed godwits, who make the 11,000km flight between New Zealand and Alaska.", "### Archives For 30/11/1999" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/reimagining-ruby-throated-hummingbird", "title": "Reimagining the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Reimagining the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "Chance encounters with [Ruby-throated Hummingbirds](http://www.audubon.org/birds-of-america/ruby-throated-humming-bird) are at once exciting and fleeting, which appealed to D\u2019Alessandro when she created this illustration, working on a digital tablet with Photoshop as an alternative to canvas and acrylic paint." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Reimagining the Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "D\u2019Alessandro marvels at how the tiny migrants can fly nonstop for 20 hours and 500 miles across the Gulf of Mexico each spring and fall." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/plan_documents/bobs/bobs_3357.pdf", "title": "LCRA TSC Final BO", "species": "Golden-cheeked Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Central America and Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A. Golden-Cheeked Warbler", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "The GCWA migrates from \nMexico and Central America and nests from March to August (Kroll 1974, Oberholser 1974, \nPulich 1976) in mixed Ashe juniper/deciduous woodlands in approximately 35 counties across \nthe Edwards Plateau, Lampasas Cut-Plain, and Llano Uplift regions of central Texas." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "A. Golden-Cheeked Warbler", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "The GCWA migrates from \nMexico and Central America and nests from March to August (Kroll 1974, Oberholser 1974, \nPulich 1976) in mixed Ashe juniper/deciduous woodlands in approximately 35 counties across \nthe Edwards Plateau, Lampasas Cut-Plain, and Llano Uplift regions of central Texas." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/docs/plan_documents/bobs/bobs_3357.pdf", "title": "LCRA TSC Final BO", "species": "Whooping crane", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway)", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "B. Whooping crane", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "Whooping cranes migrate south through North and South Dakota, Nebraska, \nKansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway) starting in September reaching the wintering grounds in \nTexas late October to mid-November." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "B. Whooping crane", "III. \nStatus of the Species and Status of Critical Habitat", "Whooping cranes migrate south through North and South Dakota, Nebraska, \nKansas, and Oklahoma (Central Flyway) starting in September reaching the wintering grounds in \nTexas late October to mid-November." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "http://cordellbank.noaa.gov/library/seabirds_guide.pdf", "title": "NOAA Seabirds Guide 8/25/04", "species": "Laysan Albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and west to Bonin Island south of Japan to Eastern Pacific at Isla Guadalupe and on the volcanic islands of Clarion and San Benedicto in the Revillagigedo Archipelago off Western Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "S P E C I E S A C C O U N T S", "Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis)" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "S P E C I E S A C C O U N T S", "Most of the world\u2019s Laysan population breeds in the\n\nNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands and west to Bonin Island\n\nsouth of Japan, where the species is expanding its range and\n\npopulation size.", "In the late 1980\u2019s, Laysans made their debut\n\nas a nesting species in the Eastern Pacific at Isla Guadalupe\n\nand on the volcanic islands of Clarion and San Benedicto in\n\nthe Revillagigedo Archipelago off Western Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/Cerulean_Warbler/overview", "title": "Cerulean Warbler Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Cerulean Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Cerulean Warbler", "These long-distance migrants breed in mature eastern deciduous forests and spend the winters in the Andes in South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=297", "title": "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "species": "godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska to sites in the South Pacific", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "We will evaluate the tail/headwind components for flight routes from Alaska to sites in the South Pacific (documented godwit and curlew flight tracks) by sampling 50-year timeslices for the five historical/present/future timeslices listed below in order to determine whether the present climatology is more or less favorable than the past (paleoclimate) periods or the projected future (late 21st century)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "We will evaluate the tail/headwind components for flight routes from Alaska to sites in the South Pacific (documented godwit and curlew flight tracks) by sampling 50-year timeslices for the five historical/present/future timeslices listed below in order to determine whether the present climatology is more or less favorable than the past (paleoclimate) periods or the projected future (late 21st century)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=297", "title": "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "species": "curlew", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska to sites in the South Pacific", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "We will evaluate the tail/headwind components for flight routes from Alaska to sites in the South Pacific (documented godwit and curlew flight tracks) by sampling 50-year timeslices for the five historical/present/future timeslices listed below in order to determine whether the present climatology is more or less favorable than the past (paleoclimate) periods or the projected future (late 21st century)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Modeling responses by long-distance migratory birds to past, present, and future changes in atmospheric circulation.", "We will evaluate the tail/headwind components for flight routes from Alaska to sites in the South Pacific (documented godwit and curlew flight tracks) by sampling 50-year timeslices for the five historical/present/future timeslices listed below in order to determine whether the present climatology is more or less favorable than the past (paleoclimate) periods or the projected future (late 21st century)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/one-simple-way-help-hummingbirds-threatened-climate-change", "title": "One Simple Way to Help Hummingbirds Threatened by Climate Change", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Mexico to Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# One Simple Way to Help Hummingbirds Threatened by Climate Change", "However, in South America\u2014the [Rufous Hummingbird](http://climate.audubon.org/birds/rufhum/rufous-hummingbird) migrates 3,900 miles from Mexico to Alaska\u2014hummingbirds are important pollinators of tropical food crops such as bananas, papaya and nutmeg, according to an Audubon report." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# One Simple Way to Help Hummingbirds Threatened by Climate Change", "However, in South America\u2014the [Rufous Hummingbird](http://climate.audubon.org/birds/rufhum/rufous-hummingbird) migrates 3,900 miles from Mexico to Alaska\u2014hummingbirds are important pollinators of tropical food crops such as bananas, papaya and nutmeg, according to an Audubon report." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/search?page=439&q=U.S.+-", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Page 439, results 10951 - 10975", "Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica baueri breed in Alaska and spend the nonbreeding season primarily in eastern Australia and New Zealand." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1551.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic coast of the United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Cultural Connections in a Conservation Context", "A good example is the \nongoing research on the Red Knot \nwhich migrates from Tierra del \nFuego, Argentina to the Atlantic \ncoast of the United States, to the \nCanadian Arctic." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Cultural Connections in a Conservation Context", "A good example is the \nongoing research on the Red Knot \nwhich migrates from Tierra del \nFuego, Argentina to the Atlantic \ncoast of the United States, to the \nCanadian Arctic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the Atlantic and then south to Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears that breed in far northeastern Canada migrate across the Atlantic and then south to Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears that breed in far northeastern Canada migrate across the Atlantic and then south to Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "through Siberia and Asia to reach Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears from Alaska go around the opposite side of the world, traveling through Siberia and Asia to reach Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears from Alaska go around the opposite side of the world, traveling through Siberia and Asia to reach Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "westward across Asia to East Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "eastward across the Atlantic to West Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Meanwhile, birds in the Canadian high Arctic migrate eastward across the Atlantic to West Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Meanwhile, birds in the Canadian high Arctic migrate eastward across the Atlantic to West Africa.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "westward across Asia to East Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-evolution-of-bird-migration", "title": "The Evolution of Bird Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Northern Wheatear", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "westward across Asia to East Africa", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Wheatears in Alaska head westward across Asia to East Africa, a route covering 8,700 miles\u2014the longest distance recorded for a migratory songbird.", "The Northern Wheatear, for example, is a small songbird that breeds in tundralike habitats around the Northern Hemisphere." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/press-release/2021-07/agency-proposes-critical-habitat-threatened-rufa-red-knot-shorebird", "title": "Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/the-illegal-trade-these-love-charms-growing-threat-hummingbirds", "title": "The Illegal Trade in These Love Charms Is a Growing Threat to Hummingbirds", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Carbondale, Illinois to Laredo, Texas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# The Illegal Trade in These Love Charms Is a Growing Threat to Hummingbirds", "By far the most commonly identified hummingbird in the charms is the Ruby-throated, which nests entirely in the United States and visits Mexico only in the non-breeding season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# The Illegal Trade in These Love Charms Is a Growing Threat to Hummingbirds", "This bird, a female, was banded on June 21, 2016 near Carbondale, Illinois, and its carcass was purchased in a packet with a chuparosa prayer in Laredo, Texas on December 15, 2017." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/identifying-fall-warblers-with-eric-ripma-and-bird-academy", "title": "Identifying Fall Warblers with Eric Ripma and Bird Academy | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Blackpoll Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Coast over the Atlantic to South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Identifying Fall Warblers with Eric Ripma and Bird Academy", "Now the Blackpoll Warbler is the most similar species, but it has white undertail coverts, pale feet, and usually appears more yellowish than a Bay-breasted Warbler." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Identifying Fall Warblers with Eric Ripma and Bird Academy", "Their migration takes them to the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Coast before they migrate south over the Atlantic, they go from Canada flying straight to South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/publications/geographic-variation-morphology-alaska-breeding-bar-tailed-godwits-limosa-lapponica", "title": "Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (*Limosa lapponica*) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand", "# Geographic variation in morphology of Alaska-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (*Limosa lapponica*) is not maintained on their nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Pacific-Golden Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Hawaii", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "For example, the Pacific-Golden \nPlover flies non-stop from Hawaii \nto Alaska in two or three days." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "For example, the Pacific-Golden \nPlover flies non-stop from Hawaii \nto Alaska in two or three days." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Pacific-Golden Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Tahiti", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Sanderling", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic and Pacific Flyways", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "For example, \nSanderlings, cardinal-sized \nsandpipers, breed in northern \nAlaska and may spend their \nnon-breeding season as far \naway as the southernmost tip of \nSouth America, in Tierra Del \nFuego, Argentina." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "To successfully \ncomplete their migration, \nSanderlings depend on numerous \nstopover sites along the Atlantic \nand Pacific Flyways." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Long-billed Curlew", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "Long-billed Curlews, for example, \nnest on the interior grasslands \nof North America and spend the \nwinters along the Gulf Coast of \nNorth America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Wilson's Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "For \nexample, the Wilson\u2019s Plover \nremains in Florida throughout the \nyear, and the Black Oystercatcher \nremains on the Pacific Coast." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Black Oystercatcher", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "What Makes a Bird a Shorebird?", "For \nexample, the Wilson\u2019s Plover \nremains in Florida throughout the \nyear, and the Black Oystercatcher \nremains on the Pacific Coast." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "White-rumped Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Shorebirds Depend on a Chain of Healthy Habitats", "White-rumped Sandpipers that \nbreed in northern Canada and \nAlaska are also found in virtually \nevery Latin American and \nCaribbean country during the \nrest of the year." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "Bar-tailed Godwits make the \nlongest nonstop migration of any \nshorebird species traveling 6500 \nmiles from Alaska to New Zealand, \none way, without stopping." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Pectoral Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "Pectoral Sandpipers make the \nlongest migratory flights of all \nbirds!" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "Eighty-percent of Red Knots in \nthe Western Hemisphere time \ntheir arrival at the Delaware Bay, \nfrom the southern tip of Argentina, \njust in time to dine on millions of \nhorseshoe crab eggs." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "Eighty-percent of Red Knots in \nthe Western Hemisphere time \ntheir arrival at the Delaware Bay, \nfrom the southern tip of Argentina, \njust in time to dine on millions of \nhorseshoe crab eggs." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "White-rumped Sandpiper", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Marbled Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "Several \nspecies, such as the Marbled \nGodwit, nest in the prairies of \nNorth Dakota and Saskatchewan \nwhile wintering along the Gulf \nCoast or in San Francisco Bay." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Piping Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "The endangered Piping Plover \nwinters in Florida, then migrates \na short distance to breed along \nthe Atlantic Coast from Georgia to \nMassachusetts." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-04/1552.pdf", "title": "SSSPBook", "species": "Wilson's Plover", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Magnificent\nShorebird Migration", "The Wilson\u2019s \nPlover breeds and winters in \nFlorida." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/are-early-blooms-putting-hummingbirds-risk", "title": "Are Early Blooms Putting Hummingbirds at Risk?", "species": "Ruby-throated Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Gulf of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Are Early Blooms Putting Hummingbirds at Risk?", "Imagine a Ruby-throated Hummingbird crossing the Gulf of Mexico in one flight." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Are Early Blooms Putting Hummingbirds at Risk?", "Imagine a Ruby-throated Hummingbird crossing the Gulf of Mexico in one flight." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/Saltmarsh_sparrow", "title": "Saltmarsh Sparrow Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Saltmarsh Sparrow", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Saltmarsh Sparrow", "## Basic Description", "Look for them breeding in marshes of cordgrass, saltgrass, and needlerush that line the Atlantic coast from southern Maine to Virginia; and wintering between Delaware and Florida." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/great-lakes/projects/tracking-migratory-birds-great-lakes", "title": "Tracking Migratory Birds in the Great Lakes", "species": "Kirtland\u2019s Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "jack pine forests of Michigan all the way to the Bahamas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "With this technology, Audubon scientists can follow the path of a Kirtland\u2019s Warbler from the jack pine forests of Michigan all the way to the Bahamas, noting the critical spots along the way where it finds food and refuge.", "Tracking Bird Movements", "Our Goals" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "With this technology, Audubon scientists can follow the path of a Kirtland\u2019s Warbler from the jack pine forests of Michigan all the way to the Bahamas, noting the critical spots along the way where it finds food and refuge.", "Tracking Bird Movements", "Our Goals" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/magazine/4/laysan-albatross", "title": "Laysan Albatross | Earth Is Blue Magazine Vol. 4", "species": "Laysan albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument to national marine sanctuaries along the West Coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Creature Feature Laysan Albatross", "## Frequent Flier Miles", "Mature Laysan albatrosses nest at large colonies in [Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument](https://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/), and may travel all the way to national marine sanctuaries along the West Coast during non-breeding seasons." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Creature Feature Laysan Albatross", "## Frequent Flier Miles", "Mature Laysan albatrosses nest at large colonies in [Papah\u0101naumoku\u0101kea Marine National Monument](https://www.papahanaumokuakea.gov/), and may travel all the way to national marine sanctuaries along the West Coast during non-breeding seasons." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/topic/migration-biology/feed", "title": "Migration | All About Birds", "species": "Whooping Crane", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Dallas Fort Worth, Brazos river, Canadian river, Platte River, Nebraska Sandhills, South Dakota, Missouri River, Canadian prairie, Boreal Forest, Wood Buffalo National Park", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "From the Autumn 2025 issue of Living Bird magazine.", "As Nebraska photographer Michael Forsberg shot thousands of photos of Sandhill Cranes, he would occasionally see migrating Whooping Cranes mixed in with the large flocks of sandhills." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "From the Autumn 2025 issue of Living Bird magazine.", "On day one, their flightpath bends away from Dallas Fort Worth.", "They spend their first night along the Brazos river.", "They leave their roost on the Canadian river \u2026 Spending over nine hours aloft before settling in along the Platte River, joining hundreds of thousands of sandhill cranes that make up the largest gathering of cranes in the world.", "The next morning, they lift off and fly to the sweeping grasslands of the Nebraska Sandhills.", "They press on \u2026 into South Dakota \u2026 crossing the mighty Missouri River where they will pause.", "The Whoopers, on the move for a month, have made it to Canada, pausing among the prairie pothole wetlands \u2013 crucial steppingstones that dot the landscape.", "For the Church Family, the end of their journey is near as they enter the Boreal Forest \u2026 so too is their time together.", "Within a couple of hours, safely past the industrialized landscape, they soar into Wood Buffalo National Park." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/press-release/2023-04/service-announces-revised-proposed-critical-habitat-rufa-red-knot", "title": "Service announces revised proposed critical habitat for the rufa red knot | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today it has revised the proposed critical habitat rule for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird currently listed as \u201c[threatened](https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1864)\u201d under the Endangered Species Act, and is reopening the public comment period.", "The revised rule proposes to designate 683,405 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, which relies on U.S. habitats to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70225525", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Central-West Siberian-breeding Bar-tailed Godwits (Limosa lapponica) segregate in two morphologically distinct flyway populations", "By tracking 52 individuals from wintering and staging areas over multiple years, we show that Bar-tailed Godwits wintering in the Middle East bred on the northern West-Siberian Plain (*n*= 19), whilst birds from West Africa bred further east, mostly on the Taimyr Peninsula (*n*= 12)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand to Chongming Island near Shanghai, China", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "C-3 1141, a Knot banded as an adult of unknown sex at Kaipara Harbour on 28/2/87 was \ncaptured in China in May 1987." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "C-3 1141, a Knot banded as an adult of unknown sex at Kaipara Harbour on 28/2/87 was \ncaptured in China in May 1987.", "The bird was caught on Chongming Island near Shanghai \nand was accompanied by a Knot banded in Australia." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Sooty Shearwater", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Taiaroa Head, Dunedin, New Zealand to Fort Stevens, Oregon, USA", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Z-6329, a Sooty Shearwater banded as a pullus at Taiaroa Head, Dunedin, on 24/4/78 also \nfound its way to the Northern hemisphere." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Z-6329, a Sooty Shearwater banded as a pullus at Taiaroa Head, Dunedin, on 24/4/78 also \nfound its way to the Northern hemisphere.", "It was recovered as a beach wreck on 3/9/88 at \nFort Stevens, Oregon, USA." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Banded Dotterel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Lake Wainono, New Zealand to Inverloch, Victoria, Australia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "B-54759, a Banded Dotterel banded as an adult female at Lake Wainono on 29/9/85, was \ncaught at Inverloch, Victoria, Australia on 14/5/88." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "B-54759, a Banded Dotterel banded as an adult female at Lake Wainono on 29/9/85, was \ncaught at Inverloch, Victoria, Australia on 14/5/88." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Mallard", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Karere Lagoon near Palmerston North, New Zealand to Bendameer, New South Wales, Australia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "27-35149, a Mallard died on 21/5/89, shortly after it was rescued from the attacks of a \nWedge-tailed Eagle near Bendameer, New South Wales." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "27-35149, a Mallard died on 21/5/89, shortly after it was rescued from the attacks of a \nWedge-tailed Eagle near Bendameer, New South Wales.", "The bird was banded as a juvenile \non 21/2/89 at Karere Lagoon near Palmerston North." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Mallard", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Norfolk Island to Northern Wairoa River, New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "270-02408, a Mallard banded under the Australian Scheme as a juvenile of unknown sex \non 28/8/82 on Norfolk Island, was shot on the Northern Wairoa River on 8/5/88." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "270-02408, a Mallard banded under the Australian Scheme as a juvenile of unknown sex \non 28/8/82 on Norfolk Island, was shot on the Northern Wairoa River on 8/5/88." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Wandering Albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Marion Island, Southern Ocean to Porari Beach, Punakaiki, West Coast, New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "JO-4327, a Wandering Albatross banded as a chick of unknown sex by South African \nresearchers on Marion Island, Southern Ocean on 31/8/86, washed up on Porari Beach, \nPunakaiki, West Coast in October 1988." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "JO-4327, a Wandering Albatross banded as a chick of unknown sex by South African \nresearchers on Marion Island, Southern Ocean on 31/8/86, washed up on Porari Beach, \nPunakaiki, West Coast in October 1988." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Southern Giant Petrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South Shetland Islands to Oakura, Taranaki, New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Finally, we received the banding information for two Southern Giant Petrels recovered \nin 1985." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Finally, we received the banding information for two Southern Giant Petrels recovered \nin 1985.", "Both birds were banded as chicks of unknown sex at the South Shetland Islands in \nFebruary 1985.", "One washed up onto the beach near Oakura, Taranaki on 15/9/85; the \nother was found freshly dead on the Foveaux Track near Bluff on 21/8/85." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sr19.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1988-1989", "species": "Southern Giant Petrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South Shetland Islands to Foveaux Track near Bluff, New Zealand", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Finally, we received the banding information for two Southern Giant Petrels recovered \nin 1985." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some interesting recoveries reported during the year are listed below.", "Finally, we received the banding information for two Southern Giant Petrels recovered \nin 1985.", "Both birds were banded as chicks of unknown sex at the South Shetland Islands in \nFebruary 1985.", "One washed up onto the beach near Oakura, Taranaki on 15/9/85; the \nother was found freshly dead on the Foveaux Track near Bluff on 21/8/85." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2025-05/20250507_usfws_njfo_species-narratives-and-best-practices_0.pdf", "title": "Species Narratives and Best Practices for Federally Listed, Proposed, and Candidate Species in New Jersey", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "RUFA RED KNOT (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA)", "The primary wintering areas for the rufa red knot include the southern tip of South America, \nnorthern Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the U.S.", "The rufa red \nknot breeds in the tundra of the central Canadian Arctic (Service 2014)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/southeast/news/2021/07/agency-aroposes-aritical-habitat-for-threatened-rufa-red-knot-shorebird", "title": "Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird Economists and biologists anticipate few changes to approach in reviewing federal actions along U.S. Atlantic, Gulf coasts", "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird Economists and biologists anticipate few changes to approach in reviewing federal actions along U.S. Atlantic, Gulf coasts", "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/backpacking-ospreys-following-their-migration", "title": "Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration | All About Birds", "species": "Osprey", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal Maryland and North Carolina, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, a tiny island off the coast of Venezuela", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration", "On a clear morning in early September 2008, a three-month-old female Osprey named Penelope pushed off from Martha\u2019s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and flew, alone, 2,700 miles to French Guiana in 13 days." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration", "She touched down in coastal Maryland and North Carolina for three days, lazed along the Bahamas for four, then blew through the Dominican Republic in 29 hours.", "At dusk she launched out over the Caribbean, flying all night and the next day to a tiny island off the coast of Venezuela." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/backpacking-ospreys-following-their-migration", "title": "Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration | All About Birds", "species": "Osprey", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Florida peninsula, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration", "Cuba and Hispaniola are key migration hubs for eastern Ospreys hopscotching across the Caribbean." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Backpacking Ospreys: Following their migration", "In fall these migrants funnel down the Florida peninsula, hop to Cuba, then move east across Haiti and the Dominican Republic." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/sfc064.pdf", "title": "Report on bird banding in New Zealand 1993/1994", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Seward Peninsula, Alaska to Miranda, Firth of Thames", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Some notable recoveries", "794-34919 (US band), Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa, spp. not specified) was\nbanded as a breeding female with young on 16/6/90 on the Seward Peninsula,\nAlaska (65o 27\u2032 N, 164o 42\u2032 W)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Some notable recoveries", "794-34919 (US band), Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa, spp. not specified) was\nbanded as a breeding female with young on 16/6/90 on the Seward Peninsula,\nAlaska (65o 27\u2032 N, 164o 42\u2032 W).", "The bird was sighted by its colour combination\n(red \u2013 yellow/metal) at Miranda, Firth of Thames on 31/12/94." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/search?page=29&q=Alaska", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Page 29, results 701 - 725", "[ Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica in Alaska: Revisiting population estimates from the staging grounds ](/publication/70226808)", "Bar-tailed Godwits Limosa lapponica baueri breed in Alaska and spend the nonbreeding season primarily in eastern Australia and New Zealand." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/northeast/ecologicalservices/news.html", "title": "Northeast Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic and Gulf coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service today released a proposal to list the rufa red knot (Calidris canutus rufa), a robin-sized shorebird that annually migrates from the Canadian Arctic to southern Argentina, as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The knot, whose range includes 25 countries and 40 U.S. states, uses spring and fall stopover areas along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/species-publication-action/threatened-species-status-rufa-red-knot", "title": "Threatened Species Status for the Rufa Red Knot | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic coast of the United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Threatened Species Status for the Rufa Red Knot", "We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine threatened species status under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Act), as amended, for the rufa red knot (Calidris canutus rufa)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Threatened Species Status for the Rufa Red Knot", "The rufa red knot is a migratory shorebird that breeds in the Canadian Arctic, winters in parts of the United States, the Caribbean, and South America, and primarily uses well-known spring and fall stopover areas on the Atlantic coast of the United States, although some follow a midcontinental migratory route." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/the-new-migration-science", "title": "Migration Science Enters a Golden Age | All About Birds", "species": "Gray-cheeked Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South America to Indiana", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Migration Science Enters a Golden Age", "Motus enables real-time tracking of birds in migration, such as the paths of these Gray-cheeked Thrushes flying north for the breeding season in 2016.", "By contrast, 14 of the 36 gray-cheekeds fitted with nanotags in Colombia were tracked as they moved across North America in 2015, including one bird that flew more than 2,000 miles from South America to Indiana in just over 3 days." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Migration Science Enters a Golden Age", "Motus enables real-time tracking of birds in migration, such as the paths of these Gray-cheeked Thrushes flying north for the breeding season in 2016.", "By contrast, 14 of the 36 gray-cheekeds fitted with nanotags in Colombia were tracked as they moved across North America in 2015, including one bird that flew more than 2,000 miles from South America to Indiana in just over 3 days." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/bigday2018", "title": "592* Species in 24 Hours: Big Day 2018 in California, Honduras, and Colombia | All About Birds", "species": "Sanderling", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canadian Arctic", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# 592* Species in 24 Hours: Big Day 2018 in California, Honduras, and Colombia", "### California: Phainopeplas to Alabatrosses", "\u201cIt\u2019s so amazing to think about those Sanderlings departing in a couple of days to go breed in the Canadian Arctic,\u201d Sullivan said, \u201cMeanwhile those Sooty Shearwaters have just arrived from islands in the South Pacific." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# 592* Species in 24 Hours: Big Day 2018 in California, Honduras, and Colombia", "### California: Phainopeplas to Alabatrosses", "\u201cIt\u2019s so amazing to think about those Sanderlings departing in a couple of days to go breed in the Canadian Arctic,\u201d Sullivan said, \u201cMeanwhile those Sooty Shearwaters have just arrived from islands in the South Pacific." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/bigday2019", "title": "Team Sapsucker Finds 242 Species Along the Gulf Coast on Big Day 2019 | All About Birds", "species": "migrant songbirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula to the U.S.", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Team Sapsucker Finds 242 Species Along the Gulf Coast on Big Day 2019", "One key to big numbers on a Gulf Coast Big Day is migrant songbirds\u2014but these species had been thin on the ground in the days leading up to the event." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Team Sapsucker Finds 242 Species Along the Gulf Coast on Big Day 2019", "Typically, these birds take off from the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula in the evening and fly all night, some 600 miles, to reach the U.S. the next afternoon." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/project/6HA55NHM5ZCHZHITY3TYFOMFEY/documents/generated/10545.pdf", "title": "Narratives and Best Practices for Federally Listed, Proposed, and Candidate Species in New Jersey", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "RUFA RED KNOT (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA)", "The primary wintering areas for the rufa red knot include the southern tip of South America, \nnorthern Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the U.S.", "The rufa red \nknot breeds in the tundra of the central Canadian Arctic (Service 2014)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://climate2014.audubon.org/birds/rufhum/rufous-hummingbird", "title": "Rufous Hummingbird", "species": "Rufous Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "deserts of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Species Range Change from 2000 to 2080 About This Bird", "Some Rufous Hummingbirds are already moving south by late June, and their peak passage is in late July and August." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Species Range Change from 2000 to 2080 About This Bird", "It migrates north very early in the year, passing through the deserts of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States in February, March, and April, when flowers are widely available in those regions." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fisheries.noaa.gov/science-blog/birding-sea-team-effort", "title": "Birding At Sea Is A Team Effort", "species": "Northern fulmar", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "along the west coast of North America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "[Northern fulmars](https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/northern-fulmar) migrate south from their breeding grounds on islands in Alaska along the west coast of North America, and are common in deep waters offshore between British Columbia and Mexico.", "Here are three of the interesting seabird species we\u2019ve seen so far:" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "[Northern fulmars](https://www.audubon.org/field-guide/bird/northern-fulmar) migrate south from their breeding grounds on islands in Alaska along the west coast of North America, and are common in deep waters offshore between British Columbia and Mexico.", "Here are three of the interesting seabird species we\u2019ve seen so far:" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/8880?eType=EmailBlastContent", "title": "Species Profile for Red Knot(Calidris canutus roselaari)", "species": "Red Knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay in Washington, as well as the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Copper River Delta in Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "## Red Knot (*Calidris canutus roselaari*)", "The roselaari subspecies of Red Knot breeds in Alaska as well as Wrangel Island, Russia, while wintering in coastal western Mexico.", "#### Movement / Home Range" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "They use a few key stopover sites during their northward migration to breeding areas, including Grays Harbor and Willapa Bay in Washington, as well as the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and Copper River Delta in Alaska.", "#### Movement / Home Range" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/field-guide/bird/buff-bellied-hummingbird", "title": "Buff-bellied Hummingbird", "species": "Buff-bellied Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "along the coast", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Buff-bellied Hummingbird", "### Migration & Range Maps", "A few move north along the coast in fall, to winter on upper Texas coast or in Louisiana." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Buff-bellied Hummingbird", "### Migration & Range Maps", "A few move north along the coast in fall, to winter on upper Texas coast or in Louisiana." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2015_BMP_Recommendations_508.pdf", "title": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Recommendations for Beach Management Plans: Precautionary Zones, Plant Protection Strips, and Red Knot Protections", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Precautionary Zones, Plant Protection Strips, and Red Knot Protections", "Red Knot Protections", "The rufa red knot breeds in the tundra of the central Canadian Arctic and winters primarily in the \nsouthern tip of South America, northern Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southeastern and Gulf \ncoasts of the U.S." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Blackburnian Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Northern coast of Ecuador, Columbia, and eastern coast of Costa Rica in Central America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**ACTIVITY 1:** Compare pairs of birds using migration maps.", "Pair 1: Northern Cardinal vs Blackburnian Warbler.", "Blackburnian Warbler migrate great distances spending summer in Central and Eastern USA and Canada." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**ACTIVITY 1:** Compare pairs of birds using migration maps.", "Pair 1: Northern Cardinal vs Blackburnian Warbler.", "While moving south to South America, specifically northern coast of Ecuador, Columbia, and eastern coast of Costa Rica in Central America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/discussion/topic/activities-different-seasons-different-birds", "title": "Activities: Different Seasons, Different Birds | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Scarlet Tanager", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Central USA onto to Central America, interior of Ecuador", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "**ACTIVITY 1:** Compare pairs of birds using migration maps.", "Pair 2: Scarlet Tanager vs Western Tanager", "Scarlet Tanager breeds primarily in the Eastern and in Central USA and Southern Canada." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "**ACTIVITY 1:** Compare pairs of birds using migration maps.", "Pair 2: Scarlet Tanager vs Western Tanager", "This bird migrates through the Central USA onto to Central America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://ipac.ecosphere.fws.gov/project/5WDZZBE4SRDZFHKJBEIM7MCKBY/documents/generated/10545.pdf", "title": "Narratives and Best Practices for Federally Listed, Proposed, and Candidate Species in New Jersey", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "RUFA RED KNOT (CALIDRIS CANUTUS RUFA)", "The primary wintering areas for the rufa red knot include the southern tip of South America, \nnorthern Brazil, the Caribbean, and the southeastern and Gulf coasts of the U.S.", "The rufa red \nknot breeds in the tundra of the central Canadian Arctic (Service 2014)." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2025/01/18/there-and-back-again-a-northern-bullers-albatross-tale", "title": "There and back again \u2013 a Northern Buller\u2019s albatross\u2019 tale |", "species": "Northern Buller's albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "There and back again \u2013 a Northern Buller\u2019s albatross\u2019 tale", "Dr Carlos Zavalaga, a researcher at Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur in Lima, Peru, knows the migratory Northern Buller\u2019s albatross fly several thousands of kilometres from their breeding grounds in Aotearoa New Zealand to feed in Peruvian waters where artisanal longline fishing vessels operate." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "There and back again \u2013 a Northern Buller\u2019s albatross\u2019 tale", "What he doesn\u2019t know and wants to find out \u2013 just like our DOC seabird team, local researchers, and the private owners of some of the breeding islands here in Aotearoa \u2013 is if the interactions between the birds and the fishing vessels are posing a risk to the birds. So, as a secondee to DOC, he crossed the Pacific as albatrosses do, to help find out.", "Johannes explains why we\u2019re working with Peru: \u201cMany of our seabirds cross the Pacific and spend a lot of their time in the highly productive [Humboldt Current](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humboldt_Current) System off the coast of Peru." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/southwest/birds", "title": "Birds of Arizona and New Mexico", "species": "Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Paraguay to the American West", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Birds of Arizona and New Mexico", "Learn about some of the most charismatic and iconic birds of the Southwest region.", "The Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo, a distinct population segment of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo, is federally listed as a threatened species." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Birds of Arizona and New Mexico", "Learn about some of the most charismatic and iconic birds of the Southwest region.", "These dove-sized birds fly to and from Paraguay to the American West (some 5,000 miles!) twice a year looking for a mate." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-11/summer-2014-fish-wildlife-news.pdf", "title": "Summer 2014 Fish & Wildlife News", "species": "northern pintails", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "boreal forest, Nebraska's Rainwater Basin, Platte River, Laguna Madre", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A cross-continental journey to conserve migratory birds", "spotlight: migratory birds", "In the sky, a flock of sleek and graceful northern pintails passes \nabove you." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "A cross-continental journey to conserve migratory birds", "spotlight: migratory birds", "After a summer \nthat will see three-quarters of the \nhatchlings survive to fledge, the ducks will \nbe ready to depart for their annual fall \nmigration.", "Follow our boreal pintails along their \nmigratory route, and you\u2019ll likely find \nthem landing in the marshes of Nebraska\u2019s \nRainwater Basin.", "Continuing their journey south, our \npintails alight on the Laguna Madre, \na shallow coastal wetland complex \ncomprising a large hypersaline lagoon, \nbarrier islands, and nearby freshwater \nlagoons and potholes in the Rio Grande \nDelta." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-11/summer-2014-fish-wildlife-news.pdf", "title": "Summer 2014 Fish & Wildlife News", "species": "lesser yellowlegs", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "boreal forest, Laguna Madre, Pampas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A cross-continental journey to conserve migratory birds", "spotlight: migratory birds", "The aptly named lesser yellowlegs \ndances through the water in search of \nprey, elegantly probing with its long bill." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "A cross-continental journey to conserve migratory birds", "spotlight: migratory birds", "Like our pintails, these shorebirds breed \nin the wetlands of the boreal forest, but \nmost wetlands in the United States are \nmerely a stop on their migratory route.", "Some overwinter in such spots as Laguna \nMadre, but many lesser yellowlegs make a \nfar longer trek, a few all the way to the \nsouthernmost tip of South America.", "Fly alongside a flock of lesser yellowlegs \nthat continue past North America, and \nyou may find yourself as far south as \nthe Pampas, the vast grasslands of the \nSouthern Cone of South America that \ncover 400,000 square miles across Brazil, \nParaguay, Uruguay and Argentina." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/the-new-migration-science", "title": "Migration Science Enters a Golden Age | All About Birds", "species": "Gray-cheeked Thrush", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "South America to Indiana", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration Science Enters a Golden Age", "Tiny Geolocators Map Birds\u2019 Migration Routes", "Motus enables real-time tracking of birds in migration, such as the paths of these Gray-cheeked Thrushes flying north for the breeding season in 2016." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration Science Enters a Golden Age", "Tiny Geolocators Map Birds\u2019 Migration Routes", "By contrast, 14 of the 36 gray-cheekeds fitted with nanotags in Colombia were tracked as they moved across North America in 2015, including one bird that flew more than 2,000 miles from South America to Indiana in just over 3 days." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/search?usgsKeyword=%5B%22animal+tracking%22%5D", "title": "Search | USGS Science Data Catalog", "species": "Pelagic Cormorants", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Showing 1 - 10 of 177 results in 40 ms", "This data release includes 2 child items with tracking data for Pelagic Cormorants, a seabird species that breeds throughout the northern Pacific Ocean and spends the winter in East Asia and throughout coastal portions of western North America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/search?usgsKeyword=%5B%22animal+tracking%22%5D", "title": "Search | USGS Science Data Catalog", "species": "Blue-winged Teal", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Showing 1 - 10 of 177 results in 40 ms", "This data release includes 2 child items with tracking data for Blue-winged Teal, a duck species that breeds throughout much of North America and whose wintering range includes neotropical areas of the Caribbean and Central and South America, thus providing a migratory link between the continents of..." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/search?usgsKeyword=%5B%22animal+tracking%22%5D", "title": "Search | USGS Science Data Catalog", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwits", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Showing 1 - 10 of 177 results in 40 ms", "This data release includes 2 child items with tracking data for Bar-tailed Godwits." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://data.usgs.gov/datacatalog/search?usgsKeyword=%5B%22animal+tracking%22%5D", "title": "Search | USGS Science Data Catalog", "species": "Whimbrels", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Showing 1 - 10 of 177 results in 40 ms", "This data release includes 2 child items with tracking data for Whimbrels, a shorebird found throughout tundra and boreal habitats of Alaska during the summer and winters along the coasts of the continental U.S., and central and South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/marine-and-coastal/marine-conservation-services/meetings/2025/rag-17-feb/draft-csp-annual-research-summary-2023-24.pdf", "title": "CSP Annual Research Summary 2016/17", "species": "flesh-footed shearwater", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "taking two routes either east or west up the North Island and then into the South Pacific Ocean, migrating past Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "POP2021-04 Flesh-footed shearwater population monitoring", "Fledging chicks tracked from T\u012bt\u012b Island travelled north through the Pacific, taking two routes either \neast or west up the North Island and then into the South Pacific Ocean, migrating past Vanuatu, New \nCaledonia and the Solomon Islands." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "POP2021-04 Flesh-footed shearwater population monitoring", "Fledging chicks tracked from T\u012bt\u012b Island travelled north through the Pacific, taking two routes either \neast or west up the North Island and then into the South Pacific Ocean, migrating past Vanuatu, New \nCaledonia and the Solomon Islands." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70263713", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Marbled Godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Great Salt Lake, Utah, United States", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Abstract", "Marbled Godwits (*Limosa fedoa*) breeding in the Northern Great Plains, which have experienced steep population declines, are thought to spend the non-breeding period primarily on the Pacific Coast of the United States and Mexico." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Abstract", "Counter to our expectations, females and males separated completely following breeding, with females traveling to non-breeding areas along the coast of California, United States, and males stopping over at Great Salt Lake, Utah, United States, and spending the non-breeding period in Baja California Sur, Mexico, a distance of ~1300 km from their mates." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Horseshoecrab.pdf", "title": "Horseshoe crab 2004", "species": "shorebirds", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Delaware Bay", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The Shorebird Connection", "These\nexposed eggs are the primary food\nsource for migrating shorebirds that are\nmaking the journey from South America\nto the Arctic along the Atlantic Flyway." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The Shorebird Connection", "More than half of\nthe total flyway population of red knots,\nruddy turnstones, and semipalmated\nsandpipers depend on Delaware Bay\u2019s\nhorseshoe crab eggs as a rich and\ncritically important food supply." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/2022-05/protecting-migrations-amid-climate-change", "title": "Protecting Migrations Amid Climate Change | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "Baltimore oriole", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "eastern United States and Canada, Central and South America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "A Baltimore Oriole\u2019s Journey \u2013 From U.S. Cities to Tropical Forests", "The Baltimore oriole, a raucous, flaming-orange bird arrives in neighborhoods throughout the eastern United States and Canada just as their namesake baseball team gears up for another season." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "A Baltimore Oriole\u2019s Journey \u2013 From U.S. Cities to Tropical Forests", "The Baltimore oriole, a raucous, flaming-orange bird arrives in neighborhoods throughout the eastern United States and Canada just as their namesake baseball team gears up for another season." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70147238", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "black-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "stopover sites in the Mediterranean \u2014 e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations", "The population of Black-tailed Godwits that breeds in Western Europe,*Limosa limosa limosa*, has declined precipitously over the past few decades." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations", "Most godwits left their breeding sites and proceeded south directly to stopover sites in the Mediterranean \u2014 e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco \u2014 before flying on to non-breeding sites in West Africa." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/marinelife/birds", "title": "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary", "species": "Sooty shearwaters", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Seabirds", "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary is used by more than 100 different species of marine birds and shorebirds.", "Sooty shearwaters, one of the most abundant birds found during the summer, have colonies off South America and Australia/New Zealand but many spend their \"winter\" in the eastern North Pacific." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/marinelife/birds", "title": "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary", "species": "Black-footed albatross", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Seabirds", "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary is used by more than 100 different species of marine birds and shorebirds.", "Black-footed albatross, our most common albatross, nest in the Central and West Pacific (Hawaii and Japan) but many juveniles spend their formative years cruising relatively near our offshore waters." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/living/marinelife/birds", "title": "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary", "species": "Northern fulmars", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Seabirds", "Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary is used by more than 100 different species of marine birds and shorebirds.", "Northern fulmars breed much further north in places like the Pribilof Islands and the Alaskan Peninsula yet are a common sight in the sanctuary once you get offshore." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/2023-08/minestrone-ness-bird-subspecies", "title": "On the Minestrone-ness of Bird Subspecies | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Mexico to Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "*Calidris canutus*. In the Pacific Northwest, the red knot sub-species is *roselaari*. *[Calidris canutus roselaari](/species/red-knot-calidris-canutus-roselaari)* is a set of words that scientists came up with to describe a cool bird that lives near beaches and estuaries and makes an all-too-brief appearance in the Pacific Northwest in the spring as it flies from Mexico to Alaska." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "*Calidris canutus*. In the Pacific Northwest, the red knot sub-species is *roselaari*. *[Calidris canutus roselaari](/species/red-knot-calidris-canutus-roselaari)* is a set of words that scientists came up with to describe a cool bird that lives near beaches and estuaries and makes an all-too-brief appearance in the Pacific Northwest in the spring as it flies from Mexico to Alaska." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/alaska-japan-sister-site-relationship-birds", "title": "Alaska-Japan Sister Site Relationship is for the Birds | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "Dunlin", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "across the ocean, staging together in central-western Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Dun Dun, Dunlin", "For a long time, this guessing game characterized scientists\u2019 understanding of Dunlin (*Calidris alpina*), a small, plump, relatively long-billed shorebird species that breeds throughout the circumpolar arctic and northern temperate regions." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Dun Dun, Dunlin", "But the Dunlin story isn\u2019t so simple \u2014 decades of collaborative research, culminating in the recently-forged partnership between Alaska and Japan, have revealed that there isn\u2019t just one Dunlin, but two, and the northern breeding subspecies travel across the ocean, with most landing in Japan to spend their winter.", "**\u201cOne subspecies breeds in Western Alaska \u2014 Calidris alpina pacifica, and one breeds on the North Slope \u2014 Calidris alpina arcticola**." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/story/alaska-japan-sister-site-relationship-birds", "title": "Alaska-Japan Sister Site Relationship is for the Birds | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service", "species": "Dunlin", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "North Slope, Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, Qupa\u0142uk, Alaska, across the ocean, Japan", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Dun Dun, Dunlin", "For a long time, this guessing game characterized scientists\u2019 understanding of Dunlin (*Calidris alpina*), a small, plump, relatively long-billed shorebird species that breeds throughout the circumpolar arctic and northern temperate regions." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Dun Dun, Dunlin", "**\u201cOne subspecies breeds in Western Alaska \u2014 Calidris alpina pacifica, and one breeds on the North Slope \u2014 Calidris alpina arcticola**.", "They found that the greatest densities of breeding shorebirds occurred immediately around Teshekpuk Lake.", "The area of Qupa\u0142uk**** was found to host ~30,000 breeding migratory waterbirds and ~6,500 *arcticola* Dunlin, or greater than 1% of the population of Dunlin around the world.", "The Higashiyoka-higata Flyway Network Site in Saga City supports the highest number of wintering *arcticola* Dunlin in Japan, all of which breed in Arctic Alaska, including at the Qupa\u0142uk Flyway Network Site." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/media/audio/public-lecture-wandering-wildlife-tracking-movement-migrations-and-mileage-wolves-wading", "title": "Public Lecture: Wandering Wildlife: Tracking movement, migrations and mileage, from wolves to wading birds", "species": "Bristle-thighed Curlew", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska, central Pacific, Hawaiian Islands", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "These are Bristle-thighed Curlews that we've marked in Alaska on each one in those two different dots that I showed you, we marked birds from each population, had no idea, we just thought they went into that big blob in the central Pacific, they have various state wintering areas; these are all nonstop flights.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "These are Bristle-thighed Curlews that we've marked in Alaska on each one in those two different dots that I showed you, we marked birds from each population, had no idea, we just thought they went into that big blob in the central Pacific, they have various state wintering areas; these are all nonstop flights.", "They probably look right over the Hawaiian Islands and they probably don't think about stuff; you'll see why.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/media/audio/public-lecture-wandering-wildlife-tracking-movement-migrations-and-mileage-wolves-wading", "title": "Public Lecture: Wandering Wildlife: Tracking movement, migrations and mileage, from wolves to wading birds", "species": "Bar-tailed Godwit", "breeding_area": "Alaska", "nonbreeding_area": "New Zealand", "waypoints": "North Island New Zealand, northwest Australia, Yellow Sea, Siberia, Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits, we did two populations. We marked them on their non-breeding grounds, one in North Island New Zealand, and one in northwest Australia, both of them nonstop to the Yellow Sea about in March.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits, we did two populations. We marked them on their non-breeding grounds, one in North Island New Zealand, and one in northwest Australia, both of them nonstop to the Yellow Sea about in March.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "Bar-tailed Godwits, we did two populations. We marked them on their non-breeding grounds, one in North Island New Zealand, and one in northwest Australia, both of them nonstop to the Yellow Sea about in March.", "From the Yellow Sea the ones from western Australia go straight up into Siberia, and the ones from New Zealand take these big draws (ph) out over the Pacific to Alaska; and there's a whole talk in itself just in these non-straight lines, but think the winds will give you that.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/media/audio/public-lecture-wandering-wildlife-tracking-movement-migrations-and-mileage-wolves-wading", "title": "Public Lecture: Wandering Wildlife: Tracking movement, migrations and mileage, from wolves to wading birds", "species": "Marble Godwit", "breeding_area": "Alaska", "nonbreeding_area": "central California", "waypoints": "Alaska, central California", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "These are Marble Godwits, they're only going from Alaska down to central California; they have a nice circular route across the ocean going south back up off the coastline to the north.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "These are Marble Godwits, they're only going from Alaska down to central California; they have a nice circular route across the ocean going south back up off the coastline to the north.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "These are Marble Godwits, they're only going from Alaska down to central California; they have a nice circular route across the ocean going south back up off the coastline to the north.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "These are Marble Godwits, they're only going from Alaska down to central California; they have a nice circular route across the ocean going south back up off the coastline to the north.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://usgs.gov/media/audio/public-lecture-wandering-wildlife-tracking-movement-migrations-and-mileage-wolves-wading", "title": "Public Lecture: Wandering Wildlife: Tracking movement, migrations and mileage, from wolves to wading birds", "species": "Whimbrel", "breeding_area": "Alaska", "nonbreeding_area": "Mexico, Central America, Peru, Ecuador, Chiloe, southern Chile", "waypoints": "Alaska, Mexico, Central America, Peru, Ecuador, Chiloe, southern Chile, Gulf of California", "distance": "8,400 kilometers", "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Whimbrels, this whole story is unfolding right now.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "Whimbrels, this whole story is unfolding right now.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "Whimbrels, this whole story is unfolding right now.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "Whimbrels, this whole story is unfolding right now.", "This bird, last week, this is the one that spent the winter down in Chiloe, took off and flew 8,400 kilometers nonstop, back up to the Gulf of California.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "distance_evidence": [ "This bird, last week, this is the one that spent the winter down in Chiloe, took off and flew 8,400 kilometers nonstop, back up to the Gulf of California.", "**DR. BOB GILL:** Thank you David." ], "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/magazine/scientists-discover-worlds-largest-hummingbird-hiding-plain-sight", "title": "Scientists Discover World's Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight", "species": "Southern Giant Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Chilean coast and the Peruvian Andes", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Scientists Discover World\u2019s Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight", "As for the birds\u2019 common names, the researchers have proposed renaming the non-migratory species the Northern Giant Hummingbird and the migratory birds the Southern Giant Hummingbird." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Scientists Discover World\u2019s Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight", "Second, this tracked bird had undoubtedly completed the longest recorded migration of any hummingbird\u2014a 5,200-mile round trip between the Chilean coast and the Peruvian Andes." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/refuge/Bandon_Marsh/wildlife_and_habitat/sanderling.html", "title": "Sanderling - Bandon Marsh - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service", "species": "Sanderling", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "from the tundra to temperate and tropical beaches around the globe, so that it is possible to see wintering Sanderlings in places as disparate as Thailand, Tacoma, and Tierra del Fuego.", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Sanderling Calidris alba A tightly-woven flock wheels in on the stiff breeze, circling once above the waves before alighting on the beach in droves: Sanderlings in migration.", "By late fall the Sanderlings are back from their Arctic Circle breeding grounds, here to fatten up on tiny marine invertebrates before disembarking in June." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "They migrate between 3,000 to 10,000 miles every spring from the tundra to temperate and tropical beaches around the globe, so that it is possible to see wintering Sanderlings in places as disparate as Thailand, Tacoma, and Tierra del Fuego.", "By late fall the Sanderlings are back from their Arctic Circle breeding grounds, here to fatten up on tiny marine invertebrates before disembarking in June." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/field-guide/bird/costas-hummingbird", "title": "Costa's Hummingbird", "species": "Costa's Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Costa\u2019s Hummingbird", "In Arizona and California deserts, this species nests during late winter and spring, and most then avoid the hot summer by migrating to coastal California and Baja." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58341/noaa_58341_DS1.pdf", "title": "Light-level geolocation reveals the short-distance non-breeding movements and distribution of tufted puffins throughout the Northeast Pacific Ocean", "species": "tufted puffin", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "deep offshore waters of the eastern Gulf of Alaska and partially in the adjacent Northeast Pacific Ocean", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Light-level geolocation reveals\nthe short-distance non-\nbreeding movements and\ndistribution of tufted puffins\nthroughout the Northeast\nPacific Ocean", "Introduction", "To help fill this knowledge gap, here we\nreport a multi-year biologging study designed to assess the at-sea\n\nmigratory and wintering movements of tufted puffins (Fratercula\ncirrhata) that breed at a major colony in the Gulf of Alaska\n(GOA) using light-level geolocation." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Adult\ntufted puffins wintered primarily in the deep offshore waters of the eastern Gulf\nof Alaska and partially in the adjacent Northeast Pacific Ocean over a period of\n151.9 days \u00b1 31.6 with spring migrations starting by late March.", "Introduction", "To help fill this knowledge gap, here we\nreport a multi-year biologging study designed to assess the at-sea\n\nmigratory and wintering movements of tufted puffins (Fratercula\ncirrhata) that breed at a major colony in the Gulf of Alaska\n(GOA) using light-level geolocation." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "http://audubon.org/magazine/scientists-discover-worlds-largest-hummingbird-hiding-plain-sight", "title": "Scientists Discover World's Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight", "species": "Giant Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Andes", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Scientists Discover World\u2019s Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight Groundbreaking research has resulted in a surprising split of the species known as the Giant Hummingbird, and one of the birds just happens to be slightly bigger than the other.", "For centuries, scientists have considered two distinct populations of Giant Hummingbird\u2014a migratory southern population in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia, and a non-migratory northern population in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru\u2014to be the same species." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Scientists Discover World\u2019s Largest Hummingbird Hiding in Plain Sight Groundbreaking research has resulted in a surprising split of the species known as the Giant Hummingbird, and one of the birds just happens to be slightly bigger than the other.", "During its migration, the tagged bird ascended a total of 13,000 feet, pausing at various intervals for days to acclimate its blood and lungs to the lower oxygen levels, much like human mountaineers." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/58341/noaa_58341_DS2.xml", "title": "Introduction", "species": "tufted puffin", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Light-level geolocation reveals the short-distance non-breeding movements and distribution of tufted puffins throughout the Northeast Pacific Ocean", "Recent and projected declines for historically robust populations of tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) in Alaska highlight the importance of resolving aspects of the species\u2019 non-breeding ecology, especially the pelagic phenology and distribution.", "Introduction" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/news/bird-day-week-8-when-it-comes-birds-expect-unexpected", "title": "Bird-A-Day, Week 8. When it Comes to Birds, Expect the Unexpected", "species": "rufous hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Alaska to Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Bird-A-Day, Week 8. When it Comes to Birds, Expect the Unexpected" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Bird-A-Day, Week 8. When it Comes to Birds, Expect the Unexpected", "When you take body size into account, the rufous hummingbird makes one of the longest migratory journeys of any avian species on earth\u2014about 3,900 miles on a one-way flight from Alaska to Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/wildness-on-a-whim-reflections-on-whimbrel-in-the-south-carolina-lowcountry", "title": "Wildness on a Whim: Reflections on Whimbrel in the South Carolina Lowcountry | All About Birds", "species": "Whimbrel", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coast of South Carolina", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "TEXT ON SCREEN: *Whimbrel migrate thousands of miles from Brazil to the Arctic.* *Each spring they stop to rest and feed along the coast of South Carolina.*" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "TEXT ON SCREEN: *Whimbrel migrate thousands of miles from Brazil to the Arctic.* *Each spring they stop to rest and feed along the coast of South Carolina.*" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/miracles-of-bird-migration-an-exploration-with-birds-of-the-world", "title": "Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Arctic Tern", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Arctic to the Antarctic and back", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/miracles-of-bird-migration-an-exploration-with-birds-of-the-world", "title": "Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Black Swift", "breeding_area": "Colorado", "nonbreeding_area": "Amazon basin", "waypoints": "Central America up through Texas", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "And so here is a figure from that paper where the authors show that birds spend most of their winter time in red on this map in Western Brazil, deep in the Amazon basin." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "Now these locators have a bit less precision than GPS, but generally speaking all the birds that tracked transited from Amazonia back along a path through Central America up through Texas and back to their breeding sites in Colorado." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/miracles-of-bird-migration-an-exploration-with-birds-of-the-world", "title": "Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "Pink-footed Shearwater", "breeding_area": "islands offshore of Chile in South America", "nonbreeding_area": "Baja, California, all the way up to Pacific coast to British Columbia, Canada", "waypoints": "coastal waters of Peru across the Pacific from Peru all the way over to the coast of Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World" ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "And there the rest of the population winters from Baja, California, all the way up to Pacific coast to British Columbia, Canada." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "And they reach the coastal waters of Peru, a trip that only takes them a few days to a week at most.", "And they take this sort of somewhat direct route cutting across the Pacific from Peru all the way over to the coast of Mexico, a trip that takes them about two weeks to complete." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://academy.allaboutbirds.org/live-event/miracles-of-bird-migration-an-exploration-with-birds-of-the-world", "title": "Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World | Bird Academy \u2022 The Cornell Lab", "species": "European Bee-eater", "breeding_area": "Western Europe", "nonbreeding_area": "Western Africa", "waypoints": "Iberian Peninsula to Spain, and then they cross the Mediterranean at the narrow Strait of Gibraltar", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "bee-eaters from Western Europe follow a mostly Western migration route, where they migrate down the Iberian Peninsula to Spain, and then they cross the Mediterranean at the narrow Strait of Gibraltar to reach Africa, and proceed onward to their migration grounds to the South." ], "breeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "bee-eaters from Western Europe follow a mostly Western migration route, where they migrate down the Iberian Peninsula to Spain, and then they cross the Mediterranean at the narrow Strait of Gibraltar to reach Africa, and proceed onward to their migration grounds to the South." ], "nonbreeding_area_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "Bee-eaters from Western Europe, again, they follow the Western migration route, like I explained.", "And then they migrate and migrate down to Western Africa for the winter where from about Senegal across to Nigeria." ], "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Miracles of Bird Migration: An Exploration with Birds of the World", "bee-eaters from Western Europe follow a mostly Western migration route, where they migrate down the Iberian Peninsula to Spain, and then they cross the Mediterranean at the narrow Strait of Gibraltar to reach Africa, and proceed onward to their migration grounds to the South." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70228121", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "king eider", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Point Barrow, Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration trends for king and common eiders and yellow-billed loons past Point Barrow in a rapidly changing environment", "Abstract", "Most of the king (*Somateria spectabilis*) and common eiders (*S. mollissima v-nigra*) nesting in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska, during the spring and fall migration." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration trends for king and common eiders and yellow-billed loons past Point Barrow in a rapidly changing environment", "Abstract", "Most of the king (*Somateria spectabilis*) and common eiders (*S. mollissima v-nigra*) nesting in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska, during the spring and fall migration." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70228121", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "common eider", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Point Barrow, Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration trends for king and common eiders and yellow-billed loons past Point Barrow in a rapidly changing environment", "Abstract", "Most of the king (*Somateria spectabilis*) and common eiders (*S. mollissima v-nigra*) nesting in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska, during the spring and fall migration." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration trends for king and common eiders and yellow-billed loons past Point Barrow in a rapidly changing environment", "Abstract", "Most of the king (*Somateria spectabilis*) and common eiders (*S. mollissima v-nigra*) nesting in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska, during the spring and fall migration." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://audubon.org/field-guide/bird/calliope-hummingbird", "title": "Calliope Hummingbird", "species": "Calliope Hummingbird", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Canada all the way to southern Mexico", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# Calliope Hummingbird", "The Calliope Hummingbird is the smallest bird in North America, measuring about 3 inches long and weighing about one-tenth of an ounce." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# Calliope Hummingbird", "Despite its tiny size, it is able to survive cold summer nights at high elevations in the northern Rockies, and some migrate every year from Canada all the way to southern Mexico." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sssp/migrationresearch.html", "title": "Fish and Wildlife Service", "species": "bar-tailed godwit", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Shorebird Migration Research Track shorebirds as they migrate thousands of miles from their boreal breeding grounds to their wintering sites and back.", "One species, the bar-tailed godwit, takes the longest non-stop flight of any migrant traveling up to 11,000 km (nearly 7,000 miles) from wintering grounds in New Zealand to breeding sites in Alaska!" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/guide/willow_flycatcher/overview", "title": "Willow Flycatcher Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology", "species": "Willow Flycatchers", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Basic Description Willow Flycatchers are drab brownish-olive birds that are best known for their voice\u2014a sneezy fitz-bew that emanates from wet willow thickets across North America.", "Look for them singing their distinctive song on top of willows and other shrubs in early summer just after they arrive from Central and South America where they spend the winter." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/sites/default/files/documents/historic-news-releases/1937/19370625.PDF", "title": "BOMBAY HOOK, DELAWARE, ADDED TO U.S. WATERFOWL REFUGES -- June 25, 1937", "species": "black duck", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Atlantic flyway", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "BOMBAY HO(X, DEL,, ADDED", "TO U. S, WATERFOWL", "REFUGES", "The refuge \nis on the Atlantic \nflyway \nused by the black \nduck on its \nmigration \n\nfrom eastern \nCanada to tho South." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "BOMBAY HO(X, DEL,, ADDED", "TO U. S, WATERFOWL", "REFUGES", "The refuge \nis on the Atlantic \nflyway \nused by the black \nduck on its \nmigration \n\nfrom eastern \nCanada to tho South." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/these-8-unexpected-migration-routes-give-you-reason-to-go-birding-in-summer", "title": "These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer | All About Birds", "species": "King Eiders", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pt. Barrow, Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer", "Adult male **King Eiders** leave their mates partway through nesting and fly off to grow a new set of feathers." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer", "Hundreds of thousands of eiders pass by Pt. Barrow, Alaska, in July on their molt migration to the Bering Sea." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/these-8-unexpected-migration-routes-give-you-reason-to-go-birding-in-summer", "title": "These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer | All About Birds", "species": "Surf Scoters", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "St. Lawrence River estuary", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "# These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer", "**2. Surf Scoters** leave their breeding sites in Quebec and Labrador to grow new wing feathers in the St. Lawrence River estuary." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "# These 8 Unexpected Migration Routes Give You Reason to Go Birding in Summer", "**2. Surf Scoters** leave their breeding sites in Quebec and Labrador to grow new wing feathers in the St. Lawrence River estuary." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70196290", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Red-throated Loon", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "westward to East Asia", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "#### Abstract", "Red-throated Loons (*Gavia stellata*) are widely distributed across Alaska and currently have varying population trends, including some populations with recent periods of decline." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "#### Abstract", "The most northern population (Arctic Coastal Plain) migrated westward to East Asia and traveled approximately 2,000 km farther to wintering sites than the three more southerly populations (Seward Peninsula, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and Copper River Delta) which migrated south along the Pacific coast of North America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70196290", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Red-throated Loon", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "south along the Pacific coast of North America", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "#### Abstract", "Red-throated Loons (*Gavia stellata*) are widely distributed across Alaska and currently have varying population trends, including some populations with recent periods of decline." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "#### Abstract", "The most northern population (Arctic Coastal Plain) migrated westward to East Asia and traveled approximately 2,000 km farther to wintering sites than the three more southerly populations (Seward Peninsula, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, and Copper River Delta) which migrated south along the Pacific coast of North America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/jack-pine-juggernauts-what-will-happen-to-kirtlands-warblers-after-delisting", "title": "Jack Pine Juggernauts: What Will Happen to Kirtland's Warblers After Delisting? | All About Birds", "species": "Kirtland\u2019s Warbler", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Each spring Kirtland\u2019s Warblers fly north from the Bahamas to Michigan, where they pair up and nest almost exclusively in large tracts of jack pine between 1 to 4 meters (3 to 12 feet) tall." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/search?page=117&q=Alaska", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "black brant geese", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "Pacific coast of Baja California\u2014Laguna San Ignacio (LSI), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and Bah\u00eda San Quint\u00edn (BSQ)", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Search Results", "Page 117, results 2901 - 2925", "We used observations of individually marked female black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans; brant) at three wintering lagoons on the Pacific coast of Baja California\u2014Laguna San Ignacio (LSI), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and Bah\u00eda San Quint\u00edn (BSQ)\u2014and the Tutakoke River breeding colony in Alaska to assess hypotheses about carryover..." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Search Results", "Page 117, results 2901 - 2925", "We used observations of individually marked female black brant geese (Branta bernicla nigricans; brant) at three wintering lagoons on the Pacific coast of Baja California\u2014Laguna San Ignacio (LSI), Laguna Ojo de Liebre (LOL), and Bah\u00eda San Quint\u00edn (BSQ)\u2014and the Tutakoke River breeding colony in Alaska to assess hypotheses about carryover..." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70134558", "title": "Migration patterns of Western High Arctic (Grey-belly) Brant Branta bernicla", "species": "Brant", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "coastal route around Alaska and staged for variable lengths of time at the following sites on the north and west coasts of Alaska: Kasegaluk Lagoon (69\u00b056\u2019N, 162\u00b040\u2019W), Ikpek Lagoon (65\u00b055\u2019N, 167\u00b003\u2019W), and Izembek Lagoon (55\u00b019\u2019N, 162\u00b050\u2019W).", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Migration patterns of Western High Arctic (Grey-belly) Brant *Branta bernicla*" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Migration patterns of Western High Arctic (Grey-belly) Brant *Branta bernicla*", "During autumn migration, all PTT-tagged Brant followed a coastal route around Alaska and staged for variable lengths of time at the following sites on the north and west coasts of Alaska: Kasegaluk Lagoon (69\u00b056\u2019N, 162\u00b040\u2019W), Ikpek Lagoon (65\u00b055\u2019N, 167\u00b003\u2019W), and Izembek Lagoon (55\u00b019\u2019N, 162\u00b050\u2019W)." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://fws.gov/southeast/tags/north-carolina", "title": "North Carolina", "species": "rufa red knot", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "The content below has been tagged with the term \u201cNorth Carolina.\u201d", "News Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird July 14, 2021 | 4 minute read", "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "The content below has been tagged with the term \u201cNorth Carolina.\u201d", "News Agency Proposes Critical Habitat for Threatened Rufa Red Knot Shorebird July 14, 2021 | 4 minute read", "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced today a proposed rule to designate 649,066 acres of critical habitat across 13 states for the rufa red knot, a robin-sized shorebird that relies on U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts to fuel its remarkable migrations from the Canadian Arctic to the southern tip of South America." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://allaboutbirds.org/news/red-tailed-hawk-subspecies-america-widespread", "title": "Cracking the Red-tail Code: Exploring the Diversity of America's Most Widespread Hawk | All About Birds", "species": "Red-tailed Hawk", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": "British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alaska", "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Widespread, yet Mysterious", "Some populations move long distances, like *harlani* birds that fly southeast to winter in the Great Plains and Midwest, or the Krider\u2019s red-tails moving to the southern Great Plains." ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": [ "Map of North America showing the spring and fall migration routes from breeding location in Kansas to wintering location in British Columbia, by a male Red-tail Hawk named Trigger.", "In a surprise to researchers, both of these birds headed north then veered west, ending up on breeding territory in British Columbia before following nearly identical routes back to Kansas the next fall.", "They winter [in Kansas], they empty into British Columbia, Alberta, Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Alaska for breeding." ], "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null }, { "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70264859", "title": "USGS Publications Warehouse", "species": "Pacific Black Brant", "breeding_area": null, "nonbreeding_area": null, "waypoints": null, "distance": null, "distinction": null, "species_evidence": [ "Since the 1980s, Pacific Black Brant (*Branta bernicla nigricans*, hereafter brant) have shifted their winter distribution northward from Mexico to Alaska (approximately 4500 km) with changes in climate.", "### Background", "Shortening migration by 4500 km does not affect nesting phenology or increase nest success for black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans) breeding in Arctic and subarctic Alaska" ], "breeding_area_evidence": null, "nonbreeding_area_evidence": null, "waypoints_evidence": null, "distance_evidence": null, "distinction_evidence": null } ], "notes": [ "Merged 8 queries (1527 total) \u2192 1476 unique results", "Search result set: r73fdeaa56b8 (1476 rows), reference it as FROM r73fdeaa56b8 in follow-up queries" ] }