{
 "id": "rd85f31dc88e",
 "found": true,
 "parent_id": "re5704f3b6ea",
 "created_at": "2026-08-31 20:32:37.362673+00:00",
 "rows": [
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Searching_the_Web",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-08-15T10:46:55",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
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      "## History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
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      "## History",
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    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
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     "status": "Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)",
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      "| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
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      "| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
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      "| Naver | Active |"
     ],
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
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    },
    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) |"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) |"
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    },
    {
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |"
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    },
    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
     ],
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |"
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      "## History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
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     "type": null,
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      "## History",
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      "| Gigablast | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |"
     ],
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      "## History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Gigablast | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
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     "type": null,
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      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
     ],
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      "## History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
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     "type": null,
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
     ],
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
     ],
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      "## History",
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Clusty",
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      "| Clusty | Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com |"
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      "| Clusty | Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
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     ],
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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      "| Mojeek | Active |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
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     ],
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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      "## History",
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    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
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      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive, merged with Sogou |"
     ],
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      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive, merged with Sogou |"
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    },
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      "| Quaero | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
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     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
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    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20search%20engine",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-07-22T20:44:07",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |\n| ALIWEB | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |\n| ALIWEB | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |\n| ALIWEB | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |\n| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |\n| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |\n| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": "2000",
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |\n| MSN Search | Active as Bing |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |\n| MSN Search | Active as Bing |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |\n| MSN Search | Active as Bing |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |\n| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |\n| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |\n| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirect to Ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage.com",
     "launch_year": "2009",
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     "status": "Active, sister engine of Ixquick",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
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     "status": "Inactive, sold to IBM",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive, sold to IBM |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive, sold to IBM |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive, sold to IBM |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive, sold to IBM |\n| Cuil | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex (English)",
     "launch_year": "2010",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Parsijoo",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, P2P",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active, P2P |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active, P2P |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active, P2P |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |",
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
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     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |",
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Kurdish / Sorani",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |\n| Swisscows | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |\n| Swisscows | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |\n| Swisscows | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Yooz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cliqz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |\n| Cliqz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |\n| Cliqz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |\n| Cliqz | Inactive |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
     "launch_year": "2016",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": "2017",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": "2018",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Fork of Searx",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |\n| SearXNG | Active, Fork of Searx |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |\n| SearXNG | Active, Fork of Searx |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |\n| You.com | Active |\n| SearXNG | Active, Fork of Searx |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines",
   "published_at": "2026-05-15T02:49:21",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "WHOIS",
     "launch_year": "1982",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web domain search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full timeline of web search engines, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1982 |  |  | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for ARPANET) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full timeline of web search engines, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1982 |  |  | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for ARPANET) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1982 |  |  | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for ARPANET) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web content search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full timeline of web search engines, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1990 | September | 10 (released) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by Alan Emtage computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1990 | September | 10 (released) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by Alan Emtage computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| 1990 | September | 10 (released) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by Alan Emtage computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 |  |  | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica ( V ery E asy R odent- O riented N et-wide I ndex to C omputerized A rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead ( J onzy's U niversal G opher H ierarchy E xcavation A nd D isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \" Veronica \" and \" Jughead \" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Virtual Library",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Virtual library of the web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1992 |  |  | Virtual library of the web | Tim Berners-Lee sets up the Virtual Library (VLib), a loose confederation of topical experts maintaining relevant topical link lists. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1992 |  |  | Virtual library of the web | Tim Berners-Lee sets up the Virtual Library (VLib), a loose confederation of topical experts maintaining relevant topical link lists. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1992 |  |  | Virtual library of the web | Tim Berners-Lee sets up the Virtual Library (VLib), a loose confederation of topical experts maintaining relevant topical link lists. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web robot",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June |  | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the Perl -based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June |  | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the Perl -based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June |  | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the Perl -based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Second web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November |  | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November |  | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November |  | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December |  | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December |  | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December |  | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Directory",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |\n|  | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |\n|  | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |\n|  | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March |  | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports Perl -based regular expressions. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |\n|  | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched. |\n| March |  | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports Perl -based regular expressions. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March |  | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports Perl -based regular expressions. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released. Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January |  | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo, launches Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular Web directory. |\n|  | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched. |\n| March |  | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports Perl -based regular expressions. |\n| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released. Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released. Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July |  | New web search engine | Lycos, a web search engine, is released. It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University's main Pittsburgh campus. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July |  | New web search engine | Lycos, a web search engine, is released. It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University's main Pittsburgh campus. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |\n|  |  | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |\n|  |  | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |\n|  |  | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Altavista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search engine supporting natural language queries",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December |  | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 |  |  | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |\n|  |  | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a search engine and web portal for Switzerland. |\n|  |  | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |\n| December |  | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December |  | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 |  |  | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 |  |  | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 |  |  | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May |  | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 |  |  | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |\n| January\u2013March |  | New web search engine | Larry Page and Sergey Brin begin working on BackRub, the predecessor to Google Search. The crawler begins activity in March. |\n| May |  | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May |  | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Direct Hit Technologies",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October |  | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 |  |  | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |\n| January\u2013March |  | New web search engine | Larry Page and Sergey Brin begin working on BackRub, the predecessor to Google Search. The crawler begins activity in March. |\n| May |  | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine. |\n| October |  | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October |  | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New natural language-based web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April |  | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April |  | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April |  | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine (non-English)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April |  | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com. |\n| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |\n| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Directory Project",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of Sun Microsystems, launches. It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of Sun Microsystems, launches. It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of Sun Microsystems, launches. It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July\u2013September |  | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of Sun Microsystems, launches. It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |\n| July\u2013September |  | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July\u2013September |  | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May |  | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled FTP Search, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May |  | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled FTP Search, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May |  | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled FTP Search, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "out of business",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October |  | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | January |  | Webmaster tools | To combat link spam, Google, Yahoo! and Microsoft collectively introduce the nofollow attribute. |\n| October |  | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October |  | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October |  | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shutdown",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New human-curated web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search ( Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search ( Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2009 | March\u2013May | 14 | Web search EOL | shutdown of Wikia Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search ( Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. |\n| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine ImHalal is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 29 | Web search engine consolidation | Microsoft and Yahoo! announce that they have made a ten-year deal in which the Yahoo! search engine would be replaced by Bing. Yahoo! will get to keep 88% of the revenue from all search ad sales on its site for the first five years of the deal, and have the right to sell adverts on some Microsoft sites. Yahoo! Search will still maintain its own user interface, but will eventually feature \"Powered by Bing\u2122\" branding. |\n| August | 10 (announced) | Search algorithm update | Named Caffeine, it promises faster crawling, expansion of the index, and a near-real-time integration of indexing and ranking. |\n| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine ImHalal is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine ImHalal is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 29 | Web search engine consolidation | Microsoft and Yahoo! announce that they have made a ten-year deal in which the Yahoo! search engine would be replaced by Bing. Yahoo! will get to keep 88% of the revenue from all search ad sales on its site for the first five years of the deal, and have the right to sell adverts on some Microsoft sites. Yahoo! Search will still maintain its own user interface, but will eventually feature \"Powered by Bing\u2122\" branding. |\n| August | 10 (announced) | Search algorithm update | Named Caffeine, it promises faster crawling, expansion of the index, and a near-real-time integration of indexing and ranking. |\n| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine ImHalal is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. |\n| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| November | 1 | New web search engine | Blekko, a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | June | 8 | Search algorithm update | Caffeine rollout completed and made live |\n| September | 8 | User experience | Google launches Google Instant, described as a search-before-you-type feature: as users are typing, Google predicts the user's whole search query (using the same technology as in Google Suggest, later called the autocomplete feature) and instantaneously shows results for the top prediction. Google claims that this is estimated to save 2\u20135 seconds per search query. SEO commentators initially believe that this will have a major effect on search engine optimization, but soon revise downward their estimate of the impact. |\n| November | 1 | New web search engine | Blekko, a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| November | 1 | New web search engine | Blekko, a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Pipilika",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched. |\n| July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | Searx, a free and open-source metasearch engine, is launched. Searx puts an emphasis on privacy. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | Searx, a free and open-source metasearch engine, is launched. Searx puts an emphasis on privacy. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | Searx, a free and open-source metasearch engine, is launched. Searx puts an emphasis on privacy. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the Brave web browser, launches their own search engine, called Brave Search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the Brave web browser, launches their own search engine, called Brave Search. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the Brave web browser, launches their own search engine, called Brave Search. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchGPT",
     "launch_year": "2024",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | OpenAI launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | OpenAI launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | OpenAI launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://grokipedia.com/page/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines",
   "published_at": "2026-01-17T03:42:55",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "inaugural search engine, automating the indexing of FTP archives to allow keyword-based queries on downloadable files without the need for browsing individual servers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "**[Archie](/page/Archie)**, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and J. Peter Deutsch at [McGill University](/page/McGill_University), was the inaugural search engine, automating the indexing of FTP archives to allow keyword-based queries on downloadable files without the need for browsing individual servers.[1][7]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "**[Archie](/page/Archie)**, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and J. Peter Deutsch at [McGill University](/page/McGill_University), was the inaugural search engine, automating the indexing of FTP archives to allow keyword-based queries on downloadable files without the need for browsing individual servers.[1][7]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "**[Archie](/page/Archie)**, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and J. Peter Deutsch at [McGill University](/page/McGill_University), was the inaugural search engine, automating the indexing of FTP archives to allow keyword-based queries on downloadable files without the need for browsing individual servers.[1][7]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "the first engine to perform full-text indexing across entire web pages, enabling more comprehensive searches beyond metadata",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "The mid-1990s marked a surge in innovation amid the web's rapid expansion, with **WebCrawler** launching in 1994 as the first engine to perform full-text indexing across entire web pages, enabling more comprehensive searches beyond metadata.[2]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The mid-1990s marked a surge in innovation amid the web's rapid expansion, with **WebCrawler** launching in 1994 as the first engine to perform full-text indexing across entire web pages, enabling more comprehensive searches beyond metadata.[2]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The mid-1990s marked a surge in innovation amid the web's rapid expansion, with **WebCrawler** launching in 1994 as the first engine to perform full-text indexing across entire web pages, enabling more comprehensive searches beyond metadata.[2]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "manually curated directory of websites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "That same year, Yahoo! began as a manually curated directory of websites by Stanford students Jerry Yang and David Filo, initially called \"Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web,\" which evolved into a hybrid search service powering much of the era's navigation.[3]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The mid-1990s marked a surge in innovation amid the web's rapid expansion, with **WebCrawler** launching in 1994 as the first engine to perform full-text indexing across entire web pages, enabling more comprehensive searches beyond metadata.[2]",
      "That same year, Yahoo! began as a manually curated directory of websites by Stanford students Jerry Yang and David Filo, initially called \"Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web,\" which evolved into a hybrid search service powering much of the era's navigation.[3]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "That same year, Yahoo! began as a manually curated directory of websites by Stanford students Jerry Yang and David Filo, initially called \"Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web,\" which evolved into a hybrid search service powering much of the era's navigation.[3]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "Competitors like Lycos (1994) and **AltaVista** (December 1995), developed by Digital Equipment Corporation researchers, introduced advanced features such as Boolean operators, natural language queries, and multimedia support, handling millions of daily searches and indexing billions of pages by the late 1990s.[4][9]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Competitors like Lycos (1994) and **AltaVista** (December 1995), developed by Digital Equipment Corporation researchers, introduced advanced features such as Boolean operators, natural language queries, and multimedia support, handling millions of daily searches and indexing billions of pages by the late 1990s.[4][9]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "market leadership",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "The pivotal shift occurred with **Google**, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin based on their 1996 Stanford project \"BackRub,\" which pioneered the PageRank algorithm to evaluate page importance via hyperlink analysis, delivering superior relevance and speed that propelled it to market leadership.[5][11]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The timeline of web search engines outlines the chronological evolution of technologies designed to index, retrieve, and organize information across the internet, beginning with pre-web prototypes like Archie in 1990 and progressing through the explosive growth of web-specific tools in the mid-1990s, such as WebCrawler, Yahoo!, and AltaVista, to the dominance of Google since 1998, which by October 2025 holds approximately 90% of the global market share.[1][2][3][4][5][6]",
      "The pivotal shift occurred with **Google**, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin based on their 1996 Stanford project \"BackRub,\" which pioneered the PageRank algorithm to evaluate page importance via hyperlink analysis, delivering superior relevance and speed that propelled it to market leadership.[5][11]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "The pivotal shift occurred with **Google**, founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin based on their 1996 Stanford project \"BackRub,\" which pioneered the PageRank algorithm to evaluate page importance via hyperlink analysis, delivering superior relevance and speed that propelled it to market leadership.[5][11]"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "early web-oriented system",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By 1993, as the [World Wide Web](/page/World_Wide_Web) gained traction following Tim Berners-Lee's 1989 proposal, early web-oriented systems emerged, including [Aliweb](/page/ALIWEB), which indexed page titles and headers, and JumpStation, a rudimentary crawler that ranked results by page titles alone.[8]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Competitors like Lycos (1994) and **AltaVista** (December 1995), developed by Digital Equipment Corporation researchers, introduced advanced features such as Boolean operators, natural language queries, and multimedia support, handling millions of daily searches and indexing billions of pages by the late 1990s.[4][9]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Competitors like Lycos (1994) and **AltaVista** (December 1995), developed by Digital Equipment Corporation researchers, introduced advanced features such as Boolean operators, natural language queries, and multimedia support, handling millions of daily searches and indexing billions of pages by the late 1990s.[4][9]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "Infoseek and Excite (both 1994 launches) added personalization and portals, while Inktomi (1996) provided backend technology for others.[10]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By the 2010s, Microsoft\u2019s Bing (relaunched 2009 from earlier MSN Search) and privacy-focused alternatives like DuckDuckGo (2008) emerged, but Google's integration of AI features\u2014such as BERT in 2019 for better query understanding\u2014has sustained its supremacy amid rising mobile and voice search.[8]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By the 2010s, Microsoft\u2019s Bing (relaunched 2009 from earlier MSN Search) and privacy-focused alternatives like DuckDuckGo (2008) emerged, but Google's integration of AI features\u2014such as BERT in 2019 for better query understanding\u2014has sustained its supremacy amid rising mobile and voice search.[8]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused alternatives",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By the 2010s, Microsoft\u2019s Bing (relaunched 2009 from earlier MSN Search) and privacy-focused alternatives like DuckDuckGo (2008) emerged, but Google's integration of AI features\u2014such as BERT in 2019 for better query understanding\u2014has sustained its supremacy amid rising mobile and voice search.[8]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By the 2010s, Microsoft\u2019s Bing (relaunched 2009 from earlier MSN Search) and privacy-focused alternatives like DuckDuckGo (2008) emerged, but Google's integration of AI features\u2014such as BERT in 2019 for better query understanding\u2014has sustained its supremacy amid rising mobile and voice search.[8]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "By the 2010s, Microsoft\u2019s Bing (relaunched 2009 from earlier MSN Search) and privacy-focused alternatives like DuckDuckGo (2008) emerged, but Google's integration of AI features\u2014such as BERT in 2019 for better query understanding\u2014has sustained its supremacy amid rising mobile and voice search.[8]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search tool specifically for querying Gopher space by indexing menu titles and descriptions",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "Building on the 1991 Gopher protocol, which organized information into hierarchical menus across distributed servers, Veronica emerged in 1992 as a search tool specifically for querying Gopher space by indexing menu titles and descriptions."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "Building on the 1991 Gopher protocol, which organized information into hierarchical menus across distributed servers, Veronica emerged in 1992 as a search tool specifically for querying Gopher space by indexing menu titles and descriptions."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "Building on the 1991 Gopher protocol, which organized information into hierarchical menus across distributed servers, Veronica emerged in 1992 as a search tool specifically for querying Gopher space by indexing menu titles and descriptions."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "simpler, localized alternative",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "In 1993, Jughead followed as a simpler, localized alternative created by Rhett Jones at the [University of Utah](/page/University_of_Utah), focusing on site-specific menu searches to reduce load on broader indexes like Veronica.[24]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "In 1993, Jughead followed as a simpler, localized alternative created by Rhett Jones at the [University of Utah](/page/University_of_Utah), focusing on site-specific menu searches to reduce load on broader indexes like Veronica.[24]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Early Internet Search Tools",
      "In 1993, Jughead followed as a simpler, localized alternative created by Rhett Jones at the [University of Utah](/page/University_of_Utah), focusing on site-specific menu searches to reduce load on broader indexes like Veronica.[24]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Commercialization and Directories",
      "By 1996, competition intensified with [HotBot](/page/HotBot), launched in May by Wired's HotWired division and powered by Inktomi's distributed crawling technology, offering a visually dynamic interface and access to a massive index for power users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Commercialization and Directories",
      "By 1996, competition intensified with [HotBot](/page/HotBot), launched in May by Wired's HotWired division and powered by Inktomi's distributed crawling technology, offering a visually dynamic interface and access to a massive index for power users."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Commercialization and Directories",
      "[Ask Jeeves](/page/Jeeves) entered the market in late 1996 (beta in 1997), innovating with [natural language processing](/page/Natural_language_processing) to interpret conversational queries like \"What is the capital of [France](/page/France)?\" rather than rigid keywords, aiming to make search more intuitive for non-experts."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Commercialization and Directories",
      "[Ask Jeeves](/page/Jeeves) entered the market in late 1996 (beta in 1997), innovating with [natural language processing](/page/Natural_language_processing) to interpret conversational queries like \"What is the capital of [France](/page/France)?\" rather than rigid keywords, aiming to make search more intuitive for non-experts."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Monetization and Market Shifts",
      "In 2006, [Microsoft](/page/Microsoft) launched Windows Live Search as a [rebranding](/page/Rebranding) and upgrade to its [MSN](/page/MSN) Search, aiming to challenge Google's dominance with improved interfaces and integration into its ecosystem.[38]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Windows Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Monetization and Market Shifts",
      "In 2006, [Microsoft](/page/Microsoft) launched Windows Live Search as a [rebranding](/page/Rebranding) and upgrade to its [MSN](/page/MSN) Search, aiming to challenge Google's dominance with improved interfaces and integration into its ecosystem.[38]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Monetization and Market Shifts",
      "In 2006, [Microsoft](/page/Microsoft) launched Windows Live Search as a [rebranding](/page/Rebranding) and upgrade to its [MSN](/page/MSN) Search, aiming to challenge Google's dominance with improved interfaces and integration into its ecosystem.[38]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI-first search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "Concurrently, [Perplexity](/page/Perplexity) AI emerged as an AI-first search [engine](/page/Search_engine), founded in August 2022 and publicly launched later that year, focusing on delivering cited, real-time answers through a chat-like interface powered by large language models."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "Concurrently, [Perplexity](/page/Perplexity) AI emerged as an AI-first search [engine](/page/Search_engine), founded in August 2022 and publicly launched later that year, focusing on delivering cited, real-time answers through a chat-like interface powered by large language models."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "Concurrently, [Perplexity](/page/Perplexity) AI emerged as an AI-first search [engine](/page/Search_engine), founded in August 2022 and publicly launched later that year, focusing on delivering cited, real-time answers through a chat-like interface powered by large language models."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-oriented alternatives",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "In 2024, privacy-oriented alternatives gained traction amid growing data concerns. You.com, originally launched in 2021, expanded its AI search features with privacy-focused enhancements, including ad-free, customizable chat experiences that minimized tracking while leveraging models for complex, cited responses."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "In 2024, privacy-oriented alternatives gained traction amid growing data concerns. You.com, originally launched in 2021, expanded its AI search features with privacy-focused enhancements, including ad-free, customizable chat experiences that minimized tracking while leveraging models for complex, cited responses."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "In 2024, privacy-oriented alternatives gained traction amid growing data concerns. You.com, originally launched in 2021, expanded its AI search features with privacy-focused enhancements, including ad-free, customizable chat experiences that minimized tracking while leveraging models for complex, cited responses."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-first AI engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "Similarly, Andi Search positioned itself as a privacy-first AI engine, emphasizing no ads, no tracking, and semantic search powered by generative AI to deliver direct answers in a conversational format, with benchmarks ranking it highly for accuracy in 2024 evaluations."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Generative AI and Conversational Search",
      "Similarly, Andi Search positioned itself as a privacy-first AI engine, emphasizing no ads, no tracking, and semantic search powered by generative AI to deliver direct answers in a conversational format, with benchmarks ranking it highly for accuracy in 2024 evaluations."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "Building on this momentum, Brave Search achieved full independence from third-party dependencies in April 2023, launching its own comprehensive index that powers all queries without reliance on external engines like Bing.[81]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "blockchain-based metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "Open-source, [peer-to-peer](/page/Peer-to-peer) networks further advanced decentralized search in 2024, with projects like Presearch and [YaCy](/page/YaCy) enabling users to operate without centralized servers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "Presearch, a blockchain-based [metasearch engine](/page/Metasearch_engine), expanded its decentralized infrastructure that year, introducing features such as a censorship-resistant [API](/page/API) and NSFW search capabilities to enhance user control over data and results.[84]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "P2P search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "Open-source, [peer-to-peer](/page/Peer-to-peer) networks further advanced decentralized search in 2024, with projects like Presearch and [YaCy](/page/YaCy) enabling users to operate without centralized servers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "[YaCy](/page/YaCy), a long-standing P2P search engine, received updates including index migrations to support scalable, privacy-preserving operations across distributed nodes, allowing individuals to host personal or community indexes without [data aggregation](/page/Data_aggregation) by corporations.[85]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Privacy-Focused and Decentralized Innovations",
      "This regulatory push benefited services like Startpage, which enhanced its anonymous proxy-based search in response, integrating advanced anti-fingerprinting tools to further anonymize [Google](/page/Google)-sourced results without logging user activity."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/search_engine_submission",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-08-11T14:15:34",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Galaxy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Searching Yahoo! or the Galaxy was much more effective because they contained additional descriptive information about the indexed sites."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Scholar",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The most prominent example is Google Scholar."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most%20popular%20Internet%20search%20engines",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-07-05T07:39:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |\n| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |\n| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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   "url": "https://vapor95.com/blogs/darknet/a-history-of-search-engines",
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     "engine": "W3Catalog",
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    {
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     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "RBSE spider",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Web Arrives and Search Explodes (1993 to 1995)",
      "JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the RBSE spider all appeared in late 1993 and were the first true crawler-based search engines for the Web, indexing pages automatically by following links."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "a directory, a hierarchical catalog of websites organized by category",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Big Names of the Mid-90s",
      "Yahoo (1994): The Directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Big Names of the Mid-90s",
      "It was started in early 1994 by two Stanford PhD students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, who built a hand-curated list of links called \"Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web.\""
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "It was a directory, a hierarchical catalog of websites organized by category, the way a library organizes books."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "an early aggressive crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Lycos (1994): The Crawler"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Founded at Carnegie Mellon University by Michael Mauldin in 1994 and named after the Latin word for the wolf spider (a hint at its method), Lycos was an early aggressive crawler."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "Founded at Carnegie Mellon University by Michael Mauldin in 1994 and named after the Latin word for the wolf spider (a hint at its method), Lycos was an early aggressive crawler."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": "using statistical analysis of word relationships rather than just keyword matching to deliver better results",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Excite (1995): The Statistician"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Originally a Stanford research project called Architext, founded by six students in 1994 with $1.5 million in seed funding, Excite launched as a public search engine in 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "Its angle was using statistical analysis of word relationships rather than just keyword matching to deliver better results."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "power user's engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "AltaVista (1995): The Power User's Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Launched in December 1995 by Digital Equipment Corporation, AltaVista was built to demonstrate the power of DEC's Alpha 64-bit processors."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
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     ],
     "status_evidence": [
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      "Yahoo finally shut it down in July 2013."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "subscription experiment",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "Infoseek (1995): The Subscription Experiment"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Infoseek launched in 1995 with an unusual model: it tried to charge a subscription for search."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "wired engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "HotBot (1996): The Wired Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Big Names of the Mid-90s",
      "Launched in May 1996, HotBot was initially powered by Inktomi's search technology and was the official search engine of Wired magazine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "HotBot (1996): The Wired Engine"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "you could type a question in plain English, and Jeeves, an animated cartoon butler in tuxedo and tails, would deliver the answer",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Ask Jeeves (1996): The Butler"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "Founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California, Ask Jeeves promised something different: you could type a question in plain English, and Jeeves, an animated cartoon butler in tuxedo and tails, would deliver the answer."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "meta-search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "Dogpile and MetaCrawler (1996): The Meta-Search Approach",
      "Dogpile, launched in November 1996, took a different angle."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Dogpile and MetaCrawler (1996): The Meta-Search Approach",
      "Dogpile, launched in November 1996, took a different angle."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "Dogpile and MetaCrawler (1996): The Meta-Search Approach",
      "Instead of running its own crawler, it sent your query to multiple other search engines and aggregated the results."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first major meta-search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "Dogpile and MetaCrawler (1996): The Meta-Search Approach",
      "MetaCrawler, started in 1994 at the University of Washington, was the first major meta-search engine and worked on the same principle."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
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      "Dogpile and MetaCrawler (1996): The Meta-Search Approach",
      "MetaCrawler, started in 1994 at the University of Washington, was the first major meta-search engine and worked on the same principle."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sherlock",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "desktop hybrid",
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "Sherlock (1998): The Desktop Hybrid",
      "Sherlock was not a website."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "rank pages by their backlinks",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Disruption: PageRank, BackRub, and the Rise of Google",
      "So in September 1998, with $100,000 in seed money from Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim, Page and Brin incorporated Google Inc. in a garage in Menlo Park."
     ],
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      "The Disruption: PageRank, BackRub, and the Rise of Google",
      "So in September 1998, with $100,000 in seed money from Sun Microsystems co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim, Page and Brin incorporated Google Inc. in a garage in Menlo Park."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "This article is a tour of that lost web.",
      "The Disruption: PageRank, BackRub, and the Rise of Google",
      "Then in 1998 two grad students published a paper about ranking pages by their backlinks, and within five years the whole landscape was gone."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_search_engines_by_popularity",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-04-26T09:02:37",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
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      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
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      "## History",
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      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
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    },
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    {
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      "| Ask Jeeves | Active (rebranded ask.com) |"
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    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
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      "| goo.ne.jp | Active |"
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      "| Northern Light | Inactive |"
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    {
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    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
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      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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      "| Clusty | Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com |"
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      "| Mojeek | Active |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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      "| Sogou | Active |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sogou | Active |"
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    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "## History",
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     "type": null,
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      "| KidzSearch | Active, Google Search |"
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      "## History",
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     "engine": "Yooz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cliqz",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Cliqz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Cliqz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
     "launch_year": "2016",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": "2017",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": "2018",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| You.com | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| You.com | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## History",
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 1990s: Birth of search engines",
      "Soon after, a number of search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2000s\u2013present: Post dot-com bubble",
      "As of 2019, active search engine crawlers include those of Baidu, Bing, Brave, Google, DuckDuckGo, Gigablast, Mojeek, Sogou and Yandex."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## 2000s\u2013present: Post dot-com bubble",
      "As of 2019, active search engine crawlers include those of Baidu, Bing, Brave, Google, DuckDuckGo, Gigablast, Mojeek, Sogou and Yandex."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## 2000s\u2013present: Post dot-com bubble",
      "As of 2019, active search engine crawlers include those of Baidu, Bing, Brave, Google, DuckDuckGo, Gigablast, Mojeek, Sogou and Yandex."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "360 Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Domestic engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### East Asia",
      "In China, Baidu remains the leading search engine with a market share of about 59.3% as of early 2024. Other domestic engines such as Sogou and 360 Search hold smaller shares."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### East Asia",
      "In China, Baidu remains the leading search engine with a market share of about 59.3% as of early 2024. Other domestic engines such as Sogou and 360 Search hold smaller shares."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Religious search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Halalgoogling",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Religious search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jewogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Religion-oriented search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SeekFind.org",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Christian search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Religious search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "librarycatalog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Conventional",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Conventional | librarycatalog | Search by keyword, title, author, etc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Conventional | librarycatalog | Search by keyword, title, author, etc. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Text-based",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Text-based | Google, Bing, Yahoo! | Search by keywords. Limited search using queries in natural language. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Text-based | Google, Bing, Yahoo! | Search by keywords. Limited search using queries in natural language. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "QBIC",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multimedia search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebSeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multimedia search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SaFe",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multimedia search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Multimedia search | QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe | Search by visual appearance (shapes, colors,..) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stack Exchange",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Q/A",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Q/A | Stack Exchange, NSIR | Search in (restricted) natural language |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Q/A | Stack Exchange, NSIR | Search in (restricted) natural language |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "NSIR",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Q/A",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Q/A | Stack Exchange, NSIR | Search in (restricted) natural language |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Q/A | Stack Exchange, NSIR | Search in (restricted) natural language |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Clustering Systems",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Clustering Systems | Vivisimo, Clusty, Togoda |  |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Clustering Systems | Vivisimo, Clusty, Togoda |  |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lemur",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Research Systems",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Research Systems | Lemur, Nutch |  |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Research Systems | Lemur, Nutch |  |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Nutch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Research Systems",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Research Systems | Lemur, Nutch |  |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Type | Example | Description |",
      "| Research Systems | Lemur, Nutch |  |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Scholar",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Scientific search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Modern web search engines are highly intricate software systems that employ technology that has evolved over the years.",
      "Another category of search engines is scientific search engines.",
      "These are search engines which search scientific literature.",
      "The most prominent example is Google Scholar."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Modern web search engines are highly intricate software systems that employ technology that has evolved over the years.",
      "Another category of search engines is scientific search engines.",
      "These are search engines which search scientific literature.",
      "The most prominent example is Google Scholar."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Intellectual_Property_and_the_Internet%2FSearch_engines",
   "title": "Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines - Wikibooks, open books for an open world",
   "published_at": "2022-09-15T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Aliweb | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Aliweb | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| World-Wide Web Worm | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| World-Wide Web Worm | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (Aggregator)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Disney)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| Lycos | Active | |"
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      "| Infoseek | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| Magellan | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| AltaVista | Inactive (acquired by Yahoo!: 2003, redirected: 2013) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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    },
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      "| Inktomi | Inactive (acquired by Yahoo!) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Inktomi | Inactive (acquired by Yahoo!) | |"
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    },
    {
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    },
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    },
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    },
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    },
    {
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      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (redirects to Yahoo!) |"
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (redirects to Yahoo!) |"
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    },
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      "| GenieKnows | Active (rebranded Yellowee.com) | |"
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      "| GenieKnows | Active (rebranded Yellowee.com) | |"
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirects to Ask.com) | |"
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirects to Ask.com) | |"
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      "| Vivisimo | Inactive | |"
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      "| Scroogle | Inactive | |"
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      "| Scroogle | Inactive | |"
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      "| A9.com | Inactive | |"
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      "| A9.com | Inactive | |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Quaero | Inactive | |"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Quaero | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
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      "| Search.com | Active | |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.com | Active | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ChaCha | Inactive | |"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ChaCha | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask.com | Active (originally Ask Jeeves, 1996) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask.com | Active (originally Ask Jeeves, 1996) | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Live Search | Active (as Bing, originally MSN Search, 1998) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Live Search | Active (as Bing, originally MSN Search, 1998) | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sproose | Inactive | |"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sproose | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Wikia Search | Inactive | |"
     ],
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Wikia Search | Inactive | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Blackle.com | Active (alias of Google) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Blackle.com | Active (alias of Google) | |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Picollator | Inactive | |"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Picollator | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive | |"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Boogami | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Boogami | Inactive | |"
     ],
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    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Inactive | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
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     "country_or_region": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | Active | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | Active | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
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      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
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    },
    {
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Mugurdy | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Mugurdy | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| Scout (by Goby) | Active | |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Scout (by Goby) | Active | |"
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    },
    {
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      "| NATE | Active | |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| NATE | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
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      "| Ecosia | Active | |"
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      "| Ecosia | Active | |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
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      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
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    },
    {
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     "type": null,
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      "| Cuil | Inactive | |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Cuil | Inactive | |"
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    },
    {
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| Yandex (English) | Active | |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
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      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
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    },
    {
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      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
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      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |"
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    },
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      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
     ],
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
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    },
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
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    },
    {
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
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      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
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    },
    {
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     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The first well-documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](/wiki/Communication_Networks/File_Transfer_Protocol) files was *Archie*, which debuted on September 10th, 1990.[3]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The first well-documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](/wiki/Communication_Networks/File_Transfer_Protocol) files was *Archie*, which debuted on September 10th, 1990.[3]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Markets in Western Europe are mostly dominated by Google, with some exceptions such as the Czech Republic, where Seznam is a strong competitor.[28]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Halalgoogling",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jewgle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SeekFind.org",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1962402",
   "title": "Web search engine",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](344767) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Active |",
      "| [Aliweb](344767) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](344767) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Active |",
      "| JumpStation | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](33826) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](33826) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](33826) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](1680191) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](33826) | Active |",
      "| [Go.com](1680191) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](1680191) | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](11110) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](33826) | Active |",
      "| [Lycos](11110) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](11110) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Bought and operated by Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](11616609) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |",
      "| [Daum](11616609) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](11616609) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](116976) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |",
      "| [Magellan](116976) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](116976) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](294448) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |",
      "| [Excite](294448) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](294448) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](1296325) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |",
      "| [SAPO](1296325) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](1296325) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as a directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](125337) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](212217) | Bought and operated by Yahoo! |",
      "| [Yahoo!](125337) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](125337) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](125337) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Inktomi | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |",
      "| Inktomi | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Inktomi | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](311308) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |",
      "| [HotBot](311308) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](311308) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](242234) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](299159) | Active |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](242234) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](242234) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](1609955) | Closed |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](1609955) | Closed |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](1609955) | Closed |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](1461908) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](1609955) | Closed |",
      "| [Yandex](1461908) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](1461908) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](7380) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](7380) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](7380) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](7380) | Active |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](8988906) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [GenieKnows](8988906) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](8988906) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](2623055) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Naver](2623055) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](2623055) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](269967) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Teoma](269967) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](269967) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](1284227) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](329886) | Closed (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Vivisimo](1284227) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](1284227) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](813847) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](813847) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](813847) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](2061068) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](813847) | Active |",
      "| [Exalead](2061068) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](2061068) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](3518417) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](3518417) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](3518417) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](787547) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](787547) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](787547) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](321790) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](787547) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |",
      "| [A9.com](321790) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](321790) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sogou | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](787547) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |",
      "| Sogou | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sogou | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |\n| [Ask.com](242234) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |\n| [Ask.com](242234) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |\n| [Ask.com](242234) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](3085039) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |",
      "| [GoodSearch](3085039) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](3085039) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | AOL Search | Active |",
      "| SearchMe | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](1737212) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |",
      "| [Quaero](1737212) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](1737212) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](2106233) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |",
      "| [Live Search](2106233) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](2106233) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](3947084) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |",
      "| [ChaCha](3947084) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](3947084) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Guruji.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Guruji.com](4432367) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Active |",
      "| [Guruji.com](4432367) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Guruji.com](4432367) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Closed |\n| [Sproose](10655428) | Closed |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Closed |\n| [Sproose](10655428) | Closed |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Closed |\n| [Sproose](10655428) | Closed |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](5563152) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Closed |\n| [Sproose](10655428) | Closed |",
      "| [Wikia Search](5563152) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](5563152) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": null,
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](6447366) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](4720437) | Closed |\n| [Sproose](10655428) | Closed |",
      "| [Blackle.com](6447366) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](6447366) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
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     "type": null,
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      "Web search engine",
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](10922895) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| [Picollator](10922895) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](10922895) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](11105059) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| [Viewzi](11105059) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](11105059) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](11054865) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| [Boogami](11054865) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](11054865) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| LeapFish | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| Forestle | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "VADLO",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| VADLO | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| VADLO | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| VADLO | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Duck Duck Go",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Duck Duck Go | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](7383092) | Acquired by Microsoft |",
      "| Duck Duck Go | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Duck Duck Go | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| Yebol | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed due to a lack of funding",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](11775348) | Closed due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| [Mugurdy](11775348) | Closed due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](11775348) | Closed due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Goby",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Goby | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](345889) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| Goby | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Goby | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| [Cuil](11246304) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| [Cuil](11246304) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](11246304) | Closed | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
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      "Web search engine",
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Blekko | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Blekko | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Blekko | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Yummly",
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      "Web search engine",
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      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Yummly | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Yummly | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yummly | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Solusee",
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     "type": null,
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      "Web search engine",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Solusee | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Yandex](1461908) | Active, Launched global (English) search |",
      "| Solusee | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Solusee | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Interred",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [Exalead](2061068) | Acquired by [Dassault Syst\u00e8mes](62483) |\n| Interred | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [Exalead](2061068) | Acquired by [Dassault Syst\u00e8mes](62483) |\n| Interred | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Web search engine",
      "History",
      "Timeline ([full list](242283)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [Exalead](2061068) | Acquired by [Dassault Syst\u00e8mes](62483) |\n| Interred | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Intellectual_Property_and_the_Internet/Search_engines",
   "title": "Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines - Wikibooks, open books for an open world",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Aliweb | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Aliweb | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| World-Wide Web Worm | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| World-Wide Web Worm | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (Aggregator)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active (Aggregator) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Disney)",
     "country_or_region": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
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    {
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
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      "| Magellan | Inactive | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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    },
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| Inktomi | Inactive (acquired by Yahoo!) | |"
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    },
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    },
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    },
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    },
    {
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     "status_evidence": [
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    },
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    },
    {
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      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (redirects to Yahoo!) |"
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (redirects to Yahoo!) |"
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirects to Ask.com) | |"
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirects to Ask.com) | |"
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      "| Vivisimo | Inactive | |"
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      "| Scroogle | Inactive | |"
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      "| A9.com | Inactive | |"
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      "| A9.com | Inactive | |"
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      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| SearchMe | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Sogou)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | Soso | Inactive (redirects to Sogou) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Quaero | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Quaero | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.com | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Search.com | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ChaCha | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| ChaCha | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (originally Ask Jeeves, 1996)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask.com | Active (originally Ask Jeeves, 1996) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ask.com | Active (originally Ask Jeeves, 1996) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (as Bing, originally MSN Search, 1998)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Live Search | Active (as Bing, originally MSN Search, 1998) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Live Search | Active (as Bing, originally MSN Search, 1998) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sproose | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sproose | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Wikia Search | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Wikia Search | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (alias of Google)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Blackle.com | Active (alias of Google) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Blackle.com | Active (alias of Google) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Picollator | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Picollator | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Boogami | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Boogami | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| LeapFish | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Forestle | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (originally MSN Search, 1998)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | Bing | Active (originally MSN Search, 1998) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yebol | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Mugurdy | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Mugurdy | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scout (by Goby)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Scout (by Goby) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Scout (by Goby) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NATE",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| NATE | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| NATE | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ecosia | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Ecosia | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (sold to IBM)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | Blekko | Inactive (sold to IBM) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Cuil | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Cuil | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex (English)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Yandex (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (Peer-to-peer search engine)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Peer-to-peer search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active (Peer-to-peer search engine) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | Qwant | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Disney)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive (redirects to Disney) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Kurdish/Sorani search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active (Kurdish/Sorani search engine) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cliqz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (browser-integrated search engine)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "browser-integrated search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Cliqz | Active (browser-integrated search engine) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search Encrypt",
     "launch_year": "2016",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Search Encrypt | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FTP files search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The first well-documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/File_Transfer_Protocol) files was *Archie*, which debuted on September 10th, 1990.[3]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The first well-documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/File_Transfer_Protocol) files was *Archie*, which debuted on September 10th, 1990.[3]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The first well-documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](//en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Communication_Networks/File_Transfer_Protocol) files was *Archie*, which debuted on September 10th, 1990.[3]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Knowbot Information Service",
     "launch_year": "1989",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "multi-network user search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The *Who is* user search dates back to 1982[1] and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989.[2]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The *Who is* user search dates back to 1982[1] and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989.[2]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Internet search engines themselves predate the debut of the Web in December 1990.",
      "The *Who is* user search dates back to 1982[1] and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989.[2]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "keyword search of most Gopher menu titles",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista. Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Intellectual Property and the Internet/Search engines",
      "Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista. Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "online",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Islamic web portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Halalgoogling",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "online",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Islamic web portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "More than usual *safe search* filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either \"halal\" or \"haram\", based on modern, expert, interpretation of the \"Law of Islam\". ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jewgle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "religion-oriented search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SeekFind.org",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "religion-oriented search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Markets in Western Europe are mostly dominated by Google, with some exceptions such as the Czech Republic, where Seznam is a strong competitor.[28]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://searchengines.net/defunct-search-engines",
   "title": "Search Engines You Can No Longer Use",
   "published_at": "2026-08-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[AltaVista](/altavista/)** is the canonical case, and the ownership chain tells the whole story: built at Digital Equipment Corporation and launched in December 1995, passed to Compaq with the DEC acquisition, then to CMGI, then sold to Overture Services in February 2003, then to Yahoo when Yahoo bought Overture that October \u2014 and finally [shut down](/guides/search-engines-that-no-longer-exist/) by Yahoo on 8 July 2013, seventeen years after being the most technically impressive engine on the web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[AltaVista](/altavista/)** is the canonical case, and the ownership chain tells the whole story: built at Digital Equipment Corporation and launched in December 1995, passed to Compaq with the DEC acquisition, then to CMGI, then sold to Overture Services in February 2003, then to Yahoo when Yahoo bought Overture that October \u2014 and finally [shut down](/guides/search-engines-that-no-longer-exist/) by Yahoo on 8 July 2013, seventeen years after being the most technically impressive engine on the web."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[AltaVista](/altavista/)** is the canonical case, and the ownership chain tells the whole story: built at Digital Equipment Corporation and launched in December 1995, passed to Compaq with the DEC acquisition, then to CMGI, then sold to Overture Services in February 2003, then to Yahoo when Yahoo bought Overture that October \u2014 and finally [shut down](/guides/search-engines-that-no-longer-exist/) by Yahoo on 8 July 2013, seventeen years after being the most technically impressive engine on the web."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AllTheWeb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**AllTheWeb**, built in Norway out of a doctoral project, followed the identical route through Overture to Yahoo and was closed by Yahoo in April 2011."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**AllTheWeb**, built in Norway out of a doctoral project, followed the identical route through Overture to Yahoo and was closed by Yahoo in April 2011."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "no longer resolves",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler and ranking system",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**Teoma**, a genuinely independent [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) and ranking system spun out of Rutgers research, was bought by Ask Jeeves in 2001, retired as a brand in 2006, briefly revived in 2010 as a thin front end over Ask's results, and by August 2026 its domain no longer resolves at all."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**Teoma**, a genuinely independent [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) and ranking system spun out of Rutgers research, was bought by Ask Jeeves in 2001, retired as a brand in 2006, briefly revived in 2010 as a thin front end over Ask's results, and by August 2026 its domain no longer resolves at all."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**Teoma**, a genuinely independent [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) and ranking system spun out of Rutgers research, was bought by Ask Jeeves in 2001, retired as a brand in 2006, briefly revived in 2010 as a thin front end over Ask's results, and by August 2026 its domain no longer resolves at all."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**Magellan** was bought by Excite in 1996 and shut in 2001."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**Magellan** was bought by Excite in 1996 and shut in 2001."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Neeva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "consumer search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[Neeva](/neeva/)** \u2014 which had built its own crawler and index and blended in partner feeds \u2014 was acquired by Snowflake in May 2023 and its consumer search engine closed within weeks; the technology went into the acquirer's AI products."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[Neeva](/neeva/)** \u2014 which had built its own crawler and index and blended in partner feeds \u2014 was acquired by Snowflake in May 2023 and its consumer search engine closed within weeks; the technology went into the acquirer's AI products."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern one: acquired, absorbed, switched off",
      "**[Neeva](/neeva/)** \u2014 which had built its own crawler and index and blended in partner feeds \u2014 was acquired by Snowflake in May 2023 and its consumer search engine closed within weeks; the technology went into the acquirer's AI products."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closure",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "Disney bought into **[Infoseek](/infoseek/)** in 1998, took the rest in 1999, folded it into the GO Network, and announced the closure of GO.com and its search engine in January 2001, with roughly four hundred jobs going and a large intangible write-off recorded in its own regulatory filing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "Disney bought into **[Infoseek](/infoseek/)** in 1998, took the rest in 1999, folded it into the GO Network, and announced the closure of GO.com and its search engine in January 2001, with roughly four hundred jobs going and a large intangible write-off recorded in its own regulatory filing."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DMOZ",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "volunteer-edited Open Directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**DMOZ**, the volunteer-edited Open Directory, was never a [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all \u2014 its data was licensed *out* to search engines rather than bought in \u2014 and it passed by inheritance from Netscape to AOL to Verizon before being closed in March 2017 by an owner with no interest in it."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**DMOZ**, the volunteer-edited Open Directory, was never a [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all \u2014 its data was licensed *out* to search engines rather than bought in \u2014 and it passed by inheritance from Netscape to AOL to Verizon before being closed in March 2017 by an owner with no interest in it."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**DMOZ**, the volunteer-edited Open Directory, was never a [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all \u2014 its data was licensed *out* to search engines rather than bought in \u2014 and it passed by inheritance from Netscape to AOL to Verizon before being closed in March 2017 by an owner with no interest in it."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**Ask.com** is the most recent: an engine that launched in 1997, gave up [its own index](/guides/own-index-vs-resold-results/) in 2010, and was finally closed by IAC on 1 May 2026, leaving a single sunset page carrying the line \"Every great search must come to an end.\""
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**Ask.com** is the most recent: an engine that launched in 1997, gave up [its own index](/guides/own-index-vs-resold-results/) in 2010, and was finally closed by IAC on 1 May 2026, leaving a single sunset page carrying the line \"Every great search must come to an end.\""
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**Ask.com** is the most recent: an engine that launched in 1997, gave up [its own index](/guides/own-index-vs-resold-results/) in 2010, and was finally closed by IAC on 1 May 2026, leaving a single sunset page carrying the line \"Every great search must come to an end.\""
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoTo.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "brand vanished entirely",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "pay-per-click search advertising",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "**[GoTo.com](/goto-overture/)**, later Overture, belongs here with a twist."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern two: the parent company's decision",
      "It never built a general web crawler for its consumer product \u2014 its own results were the paid listings it auctioned, with unpaid results backfilled from a supplier \u2014 and it invented pay-per-click search advertising, demonstrated publicly in February 1998."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "offline",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**Cuil** launched in July 2008 with a large own-built index, an ex-Google founding team and heavy press attention, and went offline in September 2010 with staff reporting they had not been paid that week; an acquisition had reportedly been in progress and fell through."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**Cuil** launched in July 2008 with a large own-built index, an ex-Google founding team and heavy press attention, and went offline in September 2010 with staff reporting they had not been paid that week; an acquisition had reportedly been in progress and fell through."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**Cuil** launched in July 2008 with a large own-built index, an ex-Google founding team and heavy press attention, and went offline in September 2010 with staff reporting they had not been paid that week; an acquisition had reportedly been in progress and fell through."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "stopped serving",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** ran its own crawler and its own inverted index for roughly twenty-one years, written and maintained largely by one person, never reselling anyone's results \u2014 and stopped serving in early April 2023 with no announcement of any kind."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** ran its own crawler and its own inverted index for roughly twenty-one years, written and maintained largely by one person, never reselling anyone's results \u2014 and stopped serving in early April 2023 with no announcement of any kind."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "EuroSeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "did not survive its corporate collapse",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**[EuroSeek](/euroseek/)** ran a European-focused crawl in the late 1990s and did not survive its corporate collapse; the domain today serves a submission-based directory with no crawler behind it."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern three: the index cost more than the company had",
      "**[EuroSeek](/euroseek/)** ran a European-focused crawl in the late 1990s and did not survive its corporate collapse; the domain today serves a submission-based directory with no crawler behind it."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "retired its public web search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "enterprise market-intelligence vendor",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**Northern Light** retired its public web search engine in January 2002 and is still trading as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**Northern Light** retired its public web search engine in January 2002 and is still trading as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**Northern Light** retired its public web search engine in January 2002 and is still trading as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "discontinued consumer search entirely",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**You.com** discontinued consumer search entirely and now sells web search APIs to companies building AI products \u2014 its own crawler and index are still running, just not for the public."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**You.com** discontinued consumer search entirely and now sells web search APIs to companies building AI products \u2014 its own crawler and index are still running, just not for the public."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-edited directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**LookSmart** went through three lives: a human-edited directory from 1996, a genuine own-index engine after acquiring the WiseNut crawler, which it shut down in 2007, and then an advertising business with no consumer search at all."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**LookSmart** went through three lives: a human-edited directory from 1996, a genuine own-index engine after acquiring the WiseNut crawler, which it shut down in 2007, and then an advertising business with no consumer search at all."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**LookSmart** went through three lives: a human-edited directory from 1996, a genuine own-index engine after acquiring the WiseNut crawler, which it shut down in 2007, and then an advertising business with no consumer search at all."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern four: the pivot \u2014 the company lives, the search engine does not",
      "**LookSmart** went through three lives: a human-edited directory from 1996, a genuine own-index engine after acquiring the WiseNut crawler, which it shut down in 2007, and then an advertising business with no consumer search at all."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "absorbed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**SavvySearch**, out of Colorado State University, was absorbed by CNET's Search.com in October 1999."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**SavvySearch**, out of Colorado State University, was absorbed by CNET's Search.com in October 1999."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "The 1990s metasearch engines went as a cohort rather than individually, because the thing that made them useful \u2014 many small indexes that barely overlapped \u2014 stopped being true."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ProFusion",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "acquired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**ProFusion**, out of the University of Kansas, was acquired in 2000 and folded into other products."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**ProFusion**, out of the University of Kansas, was acquired in 2000 and folded into other products."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "The 1990s metasearch engines went as a cohort rather than individually, because the thing that made them useful \u2014 many small indexes that barely overlapped \u2014 stopped being true."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inference Find",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**Inference Find** closed in March 2001."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**Inference Find** closed in March 2001."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "The 1990s metasearch engines went as a cohort rather than individually, because the thing that made them useful \u2014 many small indexes that barely overlapped \u2014 stopped being true."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mamma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "now an affiliate-monetised content site",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**Mamma** is now an affiliate-monetised content site with no search function at all."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**Mamma** is now an affiliate-monetised content site with no search function at all."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "The 1990s metasearch engines went as a cohort rather than individually, because the thing that made them useful \u2014 many small indexes that barely overlapped \u2014 stopped being true."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Highway 61",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "vanish",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "**Highway 61** is the instructive one: it demonstrably operated, forwarding queries to five or six named engines, and no founder, company, launch date or shutdown date for it could be established at all."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "A working service used by real people can vanish so completely that its own existence is only attested by third-party directories."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "Pattern five: a whole generation squeezed out at once",
      "The 1990s metasearch engines went as a cohort rather than individually, because the thing that made them useful \u2014 many small indexes that barely overlapped \u2014 stopped being true."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "offline",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "**Archie** catalogued the filenames on public FTP servers from around 1990 \u2014 it never indexed web page content, because there was barely any web to index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "**Archie** catalogued the filenames on public FTP servers from around 1990 \u2014 it never indexed web page content, because there was barely any web to index."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "Development stopped in the late 1990s, the last legacy server ran at a Polish university until 2023, and a preservation instance launched in 2024 was offline when checked in August 2026."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "superseded",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "**ALIWEB**, presented at the first World Wide Web conference in 1994, never crawled anything: site owners wrote their own index files and registered them by hand."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "**ALIWEB**, presented at the first World Wide Web conference in 1994, never crawled anything: site owners wrote their own index files and registered them by hand."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Directory",
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "And the ancestors, which had nowhere to go",
      "That model could not scale past the site owners willing to maintain a file by hand, and full-text crawling superseded it almost at once \u2014 though the same author's other contribution, the robots exclusion standard, is still in use across the web."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://staroceans.org/wiki/A/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "WHOis",
     "launch_year": "1982",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web domain search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis[[1]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1)[[2]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s.[[3]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities.[[4]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer.[[5]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis[[1]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1)[[2]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s.[[3]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities.[[4]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer.[[5]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | WHOis[[1]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1)[[2]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) Elizabeth Feinler and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s.[[3]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in Stanford's Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities.[[4]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created domains, with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer.[[5]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie search engine",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web content search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine), created by Alan Emtage [[7]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7)[[8]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8)[[9]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9)[[10]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[[11]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11)[[12]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12)[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine), created by Alan Emtage [[7]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7)[[8]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8)[[9]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9)[[10]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[[11]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11)[[12]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12)[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the WHOis in 1982, the [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine) in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The [Archie search engine](Archie_search_engine), created by Alan Emtage [[7]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7)[[8]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8)[[9]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9)[[10]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[[11]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11)[[12]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12)[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | | | Pre-web search engine | The rise of [Gopher](Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead. Like Archie, they search the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (*V*ery *E*asy *R*odent-*O*riented *N*et-wide *I*ndex to *C*omputerized *A*rchives) provides a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (*J*onzy's *U*niversal *G*opher *H*ierarchy *E*xcavation *A*nd *D*isplay) is a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine \"Archie\" was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, \"Veronica\" and \"Jughead\" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web robot",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](Perl)-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[15]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](Perl)-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[15]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](Perl)-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[15]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[16]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16)[[17]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[16]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16)[[17]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog, written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the University of Geneva, is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[16]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16)[[17]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Second web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by Martijn Koster, is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[18]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[18]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation, created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[18]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Directory",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |",
      "| | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March | | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports [Perl](Perl)-based regular expressions.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |",
      "| March | | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports [Perl](Perl)-based regular expressions.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March | | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports [Perl](Perl)-based regular expressions.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | | New web search engine | Lycos, a web search engine, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University's main Pittsburgh campus. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by Jerry Yang and [David Filo](David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular Web directory.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |",
      "| July | | New web search engine | Lycos, a web search engine, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University's main Pittsburgh campus. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | | New web search engine | Lycos, a web search engine, is released.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It began as a research project by Michael Loren Mauldin of Carnegie Mellon University's main Pittsburgh campus. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a [search engine](Search_engine) and web portal for Switzerland.[[22]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-22) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |",
      "| | | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a [search engine](Search_engine) and web portal for Switzerland.[[22]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-22) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New search engine | Search.ch is launched. It is a [search engine](Search_engine) and web portal for Switzerland.[[22]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-22) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |",
      "| | | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New web directory | LookSmart is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Altavista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search engine supporting natural language queries",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[[20]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20)[[21]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[[19]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true Web crawler search engine. |",
      "| December | | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[[13]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13)[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "BackRub",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| January\u2013March | | New web search engine | Larry Page and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |",
      "| January\u2013March | | New web search engine | Larry Page and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| January\u2013March | | New web search engine | Larry Page and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May | | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |",
      "| May | | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May | | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Direct Hit Technologies",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[[23]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23)[[24]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24)[[25]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology.[[26]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing,[[27]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](Google) two years later in 1998.[[28]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) Larry Page referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](PageRank).[[29]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the Baidu search engine. |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Gary Culliss and Steven Yang begin work at MIT on the popularity engine, a version of the Direct Hit Technologies search engine that ranks results across users according to the selections made during previous searches. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New natural language-based web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered.[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered.[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered.[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine (non-English)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[[31]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-yandexcomhistory-31) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become Ask.com.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[30]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[[31]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-yandexcomhistory-31) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine Yandex and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[[31]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-yandexcomhistory-31) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gnuhoo",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of [Sun Microsystems](Sun_Microsystems), launches.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[32]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of [Sun Microsystems](Sun_Microsystems), launches.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[32]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of [Sun Microsystems](Sun_Microsystems), launches.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[32]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by Rich Skrenta and Bob Truel, both employees of [Sun Microsystems](Sun_Microsystems), launches.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[32]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |",
      "| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi. After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | AlltheWeb, based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | Baidu, a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by Robin Li, who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "out of business",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[37]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-37) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[37]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-37) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[37]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-37) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[[14]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14)[[37]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-37) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shutdown",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New human-curated web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation.[[38]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-38) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation.[[38]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-38) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2009 | March\u2013May | | | shutdown of *Wikia Search*[[46]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-Wales_giving_up_on_Wikia_Search-46) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia Search (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation.[[38]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-38) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[[42]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-42) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[[43]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43)[[44]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-44)[[45]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-45) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[[42]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-42) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[[43]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43)[[44]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-44)[[45]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-45) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[[42]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-42) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[[43]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43)[[44]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-44)[[45]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-45) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | Cuil, a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[[42]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-42) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[[43]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43)[[44]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-44)[[45]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-45) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches.[[47]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-47)[[48]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-48) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches.[[47]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-47)[[48]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-48) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | DuckDuckGo (DDG), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' privacy by not profiling its users, launches.[[47]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-47)[[48]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-48) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched.[[56]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-56) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched.[[56]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-56) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine Ecosia is launched.[[56]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-56) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Pipilika",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched.[[86]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-86) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched.[[86]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-86) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | Pipilika, first Bangla search engine, launched.[[86]](Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-86) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine Qwant launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://sebomarketing.com/brief-history-of-search/",
   "title": "A Brief History of Search Before Google | Sebo Marketing",
   "published_at": "2024-12-18T00:54:44",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Search",
      "- **1990: Archie** was created by a McGill University student named Alan Emtage."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Search",
      "- **1990: Archie** was created by a McGill University student named Alan Emtage."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Search",
      "- **1993: Veronica** was created by some students and the University of Nevada (named as a play on the comic book couple)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Search",
      "- **1993: Veronica** was created by some students and the University of Nevada (named as a play on the comic book couple)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Wanderer",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Web Search",
      "- **1993: the WWW Wanderer** was created by Matthew Gray at MIT."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Web Search",
      "- **1993: the WWW Wanderer** was created by Matthew Gray at MIT."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Web Search",
      "- **1994: WebCrawler** was developed by University of Washington researcher Brian Pinkerton."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## What Search Engines Existed Before Google?",
      "### Early Web Search",
      "- **1994: WebCrawler** was developed by University of Washington researcher Brian Pinkerton."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## The Story of AltaVista",
      "- **Early 1995:** Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) created the Alpha processor and was trying to showcase its speed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## The Story of AltaVista",
      "- **Early 1995:** Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) created the Alpha processor and was trying to showcase its speed."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Lycos",
      "- **1995: Lycos** (a shortened name for the wolf spider family)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Lycos",
      "- **1995: Lycos** (a shortened name for the wolf spider family)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Architext",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Excite",
      "- **1994: 6 Stanford University Students create Architext**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Excite",
      "- **1994: 6 Stanford University Students create Architext**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Excite",
      "- **Fall 1995**: Architext is rebranded and **launched as Excite with a Web directory and full-text search engine**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Excite",
      "- **Fall 1995**: Architext is rebranded and **launched as Excite with a Web directory and full-text search engine**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Ask.com / Ask Jeeves",
      "- **1996: Ask Jeeves** is created by Garrett Gruner and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Ask.com / Ask Jeeves",
      "- **1996: Ask Jeeves** is created by Garrett Gruner and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Yahoo",
      "- **1993: Jerry Yang and David Filo** hack together a system to help win a fantasy basketball league."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Yahoo",
      "- **1993: Jerry Yang and David Filo** hack together a system to help win a fantasy basketball league."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists as a search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Ask.com / Ask Jeeves",
      "- **Feb 2006**: The site is rebranded to Ask.com and the public is told that Jeeves went into retirement"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Ask.com / Ask Jeeves",
      "- **Feb 2006**: The site is rebranded to Ask.com and the public is told that Jeeves went into retirement"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "This page simply covers a brief history of search.",
      "## Other Major Search Players",
      "### Ask.com / Ask Jeeves",
      "- **Current:** Ask.com still exists as a search engine"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_search_engines",
   "title": "List of search engines",
   "published_at": "2026-06-06T20:39:09",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Ask.com (defunct) | Multilingual | Google |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Ask.com (defunct) | Multilingual | Google |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Baidu | Chinese | Baidu |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Brave Search | Multilingual | Brave |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Dogpile | English | Metasearch engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | Multilingual | Multiple |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Ecosia | Multilingual | Google and Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elasticsearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Elasticsearch | Multilingual | Elasticsearch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Exalead | Multilingual | Cloudview |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Excite \u2020 | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Google | Multilingual | Google |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| HotBot | English | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Kagi | English | Metasearch engine and Kagi |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Lycos | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| MetaCrawler | English | Metasearch engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Microsoft Bing | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Mojeek | Multilingual | Mojeek |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Petal | Multilingual | Huawei |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Presearch | Multilingual | Presearch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Qwant | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Sogou | Multilingual | Tencent |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Startpage | English | Google |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Swisscows | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| WebCrawler | English | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Yahoo! Search \u2020 | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Yandex | Multilingual | Yandex |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Yep | English | Yep |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Youdao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| Youdao \u2020 | Chinese | NetEase |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Data Source |",
      "| You.com | English | Microsoft Bing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://searchengines.net/guides/choosing-a-search-engine",
   "title": "Choosing a search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-08-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "**Mojeek**, a small British company, has crawled and ranked [its own index](/guides/own-index-vs-resold-results/) since 2004 and has never resold anyone's results; it reported 9 billion pages in 2025."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "**Brave Search** built its index from Tailcat technology acquired in 2021 and published its own progression away from dependence \u2014 about 87% of results from its own index at launch in June 2021, 93% in mid-2022, and removal of the last Bing API calls on 27 April 2023."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "The engine runs its own crawler over the open web, stores its own copy, and ranks it.",
      "Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex, Baidu, Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia all do this."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hybrid",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hybrid",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hybrid",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hybrid",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
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     "type_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Hybrid index.",
      "DuckDuckGo, Qwant, Ecosia and [Kagi](/kagi/) are all hybrids, in quite different proportions."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Resold results.",
      "Yahoo, Startpage, Swisscows, Microsoft Copilot, Dogpile and [Kiddle](/kiddle/) all work this way."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Resold results.",
      "Yahoo, Startpage, Swisscows, Microsoft Copilot, Dogpile and [Kiddle](/kiddle/) all work this way."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Resold results.",
      "Yahoo, Startpage, Swisscows, Microsoft Copilot, Dogpile and [Kiddle](/kiddle/) all work this way."
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Resold results.",
      "Yahoo, Startpage, Swisscows, Microsoft Copilot, Dogpile and [Kiddle](/kiddle/) all work this way."
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
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     ],
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Choosing a search engine",
      "Resold results.",
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    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hybrid",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Crawling and ranking the open web at scale is done, worldwide, by **Google** and **Microsoft** in the United States; **Yandex** in Russia; **Baidu** in China, with **[Sogou](/sogou/)** as a hybrid alongside it; **Naver** in South Korea, using its Yeti crawler; **Seznam** in the Czech Republic; and **C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c** in Vietnam, whose crawl is deliberately scoped to Vietnamese content and `.vn` domains \u2014 a real index, but a national one."
     ],
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     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
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      "Crawling and ranking the open web at scale is done, worldwide, by **Google** and **Microsoft** in the United States; **Yandex** in Russia; **Baidu** in China, with **[Sogou](/sogou/)** as a hybrid alongside it; **Naver** in South Korea, using its Yeti crawler; **Seznam** in the Czech Republic; and **C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c** in Vietnam, whose crawl is deliberately scoped to Vietnamese content and `.vn` domains \u2014 a real index, but a national one."
     ],
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     "engine": "Seznam",
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    {
     "engine": "C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c",
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    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
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     "type": "AI",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How few search engines actually have an index",
      "Two newer entrants built indexes for AI rather than for a results page: **[Perplexity](/perplexity/)**, which described tracking over 200 billion unique URLs in September 2025, and **OpenAI**, whose OAI-SearchBot feeds an internal retrieval system."
     ],
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    },
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     "engine": "OpenAI",
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Staan",
     "launch_year": "2025",
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     "status": "live",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How few search engines actually have an index",
      "One genuinely new European index also exists \u2014 **Staan**, built by the Ecosia\u2013Qwant joint venture European Search Perspective, live since August 2025."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "How few search engines actually have an index",
      "One genuinely new European index also exists \u2014 **Staan**, built by the Ecosia\u2013Qwant joint venture European Search Perspective, live since August 2025."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "How few search engines actually have an index",
      "One genuinely new European index also exists \u2014 **Staan**, built by the Ecosia\u2013Qwant joint venture European Search Perspective, live since August 2025."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Why most \"Google alternative\" lists are misleading",
      "- **Yahoo Search** \u2014 Bing's results since the Search Alliance of 29 July 2009."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Why most \"Google alternative\" lists are misleading",
      "- **Dogpile, MetaCrawler and WebCrawler** \u2014 System1 [metasearch](/guides/meta-search-engines-explained/) brands over bought feeds."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Why most \"Google alternative\" lists are misleading",
      "- **Dogpile, MetaCrawler and WebCrawler** \u2014 System1 [metasearch](/guides/meta-search-engines-explained/) brands over bought feeds."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Why most \"Google alternative\" lists are misleading",
      "- **Dogpile, MetaCrawler and WebCrawler** \u2014 System1 [metasearch](/guides/meta-search-engines-explained/) brands over bought feeds."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Why most \"Google alternative\" lists are misleading",
      "- **Dogpile, MetaCrawler and WebCrawler** \u2014 System1 [metasearch](/guides/meta-search-engines-explained/) brands over bought feeds."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Match the engine to the reason you are leaving",
      "Some engines are poor choices for almost anyone. One that publishes no crawler documentation and names no result supplier should be read as an interface over an undisclosed feed until it says otherwise \u2014 Gibiru and Presearch both sit there, the latter having claimed its own index since September 2025 without publishing a crawler name, user-agent or robots.txt token."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Match the engine to the reason you are leaving",
      "Some engines are poor choices for almost anyone. One that publishes no crawler documentation and names no result supplier should be read as an interface over an undisclosed feed until it says otherwise \u2014 Gibiru and Presearch both sit there, the latter having claimed its own index since September 2025 without publishing a crawler name, user-agent or robots.txt token."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What is a metasearch engine?",
      "One that has no index and instead sends your query to several other engines at once, merging and de-duplicating what comes back. Dogpile, MetaCrawler and SearXNG work this way; SearXNG's documentation cites up to 269 upstream services, and which of them a given instance uses is decided by whoever runs it."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What is a metasearch engine?",
      "One that has no index and instead sends your query to several other engines at once, merging and de-duplicating what comes back. Dogpile, MetaCrawler and SearXNG work this way; SearXNG's documentation cites up to 269 upstream services, and which of them a given instance uses is decided by whoever runs it."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misleading_search_results",
   "title": "Search engine",
   "published_at": "2026-06-25T11:33:32",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "| WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Active |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Daum | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Search.ch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Magellan | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| Excite | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |",
      "| SAPO | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Dogpile | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| HotBot | Inactive (used Inktomi search technology) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000 |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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    },
    {
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    },
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    },
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |"
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    },
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| Ixquick | Active as Startpage.com |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
     ],
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
     ],
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Active |",
      "| empas | Inactive (merged with NATE) |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
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     "engine_evidence": [
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
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      "| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |"
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      "| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |"
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| GenieKnows | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) |"
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    },
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      "| Naver | Active |"
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      "| Naver | Active |"
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    },
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
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      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) |"
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      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| Teoma | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) |"
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    },
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |"
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    },
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      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
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      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |",
      "| Exalead | Inactive |"
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    },
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      "| 2000 | Baidu | Active |",
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    },
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      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 2003 | Info.com | Active |"
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    },
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     "engine": "A9.com",
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |"
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |",
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |",
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |",
      "| Mojeek | Active |"
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      "| Sogou | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |",
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      "| 2004 | A9.com | Inactive |",
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      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
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      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |",
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
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    },
    {
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      "| Blackle.com | Active, Google Search |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
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    },
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      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| Picollator | Inactive |"
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    },
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      "| Viewzi | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive |"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| Viewzi | Inactive |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
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      "| LeapFish | Inactive |"
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      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
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      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
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      "| 2008 | Powerset | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| LeapFish | Inactive |"
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    },
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      "| 2011 | YaCy | Active, P2P |"
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      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
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      "| 2012 | Volunia | Inactive |"
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      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |"
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      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |"
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Swisscows | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Swisscows | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Swisscows | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Searx | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Searx | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2014 | Egerin | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |",
      "| Searx | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yooz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cliqz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "| Cliqz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "| Cliqz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | Yooz | Inactive |",
      "| Cliqz | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
     "launch_year": "2016",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | Kiddle | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": "2017",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": "2018",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | Petal | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "| You.com | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "| You.com | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | Brave Search | Active |",
      "| You.com | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Timeline ( full list )**",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | Perplexity | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.15309v2",
   "title": "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
   "published_at": "2023-09-15T01:08:48",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "StartPage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "meta-search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "2.1\nPrivate search engines",
      "StartPage is a meta-search engine that allows users to obtain\nnon-personalized search results from Google\u2019s search index\nwhile protecting their privacy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "EU-based",
     "type": "standalone EU-based search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "2.1\nPrivate search engines",
      "Qwant is a standalone EU-based search engine that allows\nusers to access online resources without being tracked nor\nprofiled [32]."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "2.1\nPrivate search engines",
      "Qwant is a standalone EU-based search engine that allows\nusers to access online resources without being tracked nor\nprofiled [32]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "standalone search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "2.1\nPrivate search engines",
      "DuckDuckGo is a standalone search engine that maintains\nand uses its own search index alongside other indexes, such\nas Bing\u2019s, to provide search results [31]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "dominant data-harvesting",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "dominant data-harvesting",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "ABSTRACT",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://gateway.ipfs.cybernode.ai/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Internet_search.html",
   "title": "Web search engine",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](Aliweb.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](Aliweb.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](JumpStation.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](JumpStation.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](World-Wide_Web_Worm.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](World-Wide_Web_Worm.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](Go.com.html) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](Go.com.html) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](Infoseek.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](Infoseek.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirected to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](Daum_Communications.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](Daum_Communications.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](Magellan_(search_engine).html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](Magellan_(search_engine).html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](Excite.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](Excite.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](SAPO_(company).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](SAPO_(company).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as a directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](Inktomi_(company).html) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](Inktomi_(company).html) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (lycos.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](HotBot.html) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](HotBot.html) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](Ask.com.html) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](Ask.com.html) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active also as Startpage",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](Ixquick.html) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](Ixquick.html) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](MSN_Search.html) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](MSN_Search.html) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](Empas.html) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](Empas.html) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, rebranded Yellowee.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](Naver.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](Naver.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Ask.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](Teoma.html) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](Teoma.html) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](Vivisimo.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](Vivisimo.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scroogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](Scroogle.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](Scroogle.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](A9.com.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](A9.com.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](GoodSearch.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](GoodSearch.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](SearchMe.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](SearchMe.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](Quaero.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](Quaero.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](Search.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](Search.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](ChaCha_(search_engine).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](ChaCha_(search_engine).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](Live_Search.html) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](Live_Search.html) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sproose](Sproose.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sproose](Sproose.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](Blackle.com.html) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](Blackle.com.html) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](Picollator.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](Picollator.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](Viewzi.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](Viewzi.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](Boogami.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](Boogami.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](LeapFish.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](LeapFish.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](Forestle.html) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](Forestle.html) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](Yebol.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](Yebol.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive due to a lack of funding",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](Mugurdy.html) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](Mugurdy.html) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scout (Goby)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](Goby_Inc..html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](Goby_Inc..html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NATE",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](Nate_(web_portal).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](Nate_(web_portal).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, sold to IBM",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](Cuil.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](Cuil.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "P2P web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Coc Coc",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "Vietnamese",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "Kurdish / Sorani",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html))",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://the-decoder.com/new-benchmark-ranks-search-apis-for-ai-agents-on-quality-cost-and-speed?cmpscreencustom=1",
   "title": "New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
   "published_at": "2026-08-18T18:10:56",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Parallel",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exa",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Firecrawl",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Tavily",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Keenable",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# New benchmark ranks search APIs for AI agents on quality, cost, and speed",
      "The initial lineup includes Parallel, Exa, Firecrawl, You.com, Tavily, Keenable, and Brave."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://seomastering.com/wiki/Web_search_engine",
   "title": "Web search engine",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/wiki/W3Catalog) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/wiki/W3Catalog) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Aliweb](/wiki/Aliweb) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/wiki/W3Catalog) | Launch |",
      "| [Aliweb](/wiki/Aliweb) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [JumpStation](/wiki/JumpStation) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/wiki/W3Catalog) | Launch |",
      "| [JumpStation](/wiki/JumpStation) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/WebCrawler) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/WebCrawler) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Infoseek](/wiki/Infoseek) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/WebCrawler) | Launch |",
      "| [Infoseek](/wiki/Infoseek) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Lycos](/wiki/Lycos) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/WebCrawler) | Launch |",
      "| [Lycos](/wiki/Lycos) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Text Web Index",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Open Text](/w/index.php?title=Open_Text&action=edit&redlink=1) Web Index | Launch[[1]](http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16636341.html) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |",
      "| [Open Text](/w/index.php?title=Open_Text&action=edit&redlink=1) Web Index | Launch[[1]](http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16636341.html) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Magellan](/w/index.php?title=Magellan&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |",
      "| [Magellan](/w/index.php?title=Magellan&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Excite](/wiki/Excite) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |",
      "| [Excite](/wiki/Excite) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [SAPO](/wiki/SAPO_(company)) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/wiki/AltaVista) | Launch |",
      "| [SAPO](/wiki/SAPO_(company)) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/wiki/Dogpile) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/wiki/Dogpile) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Inktomi](/w/index.php?title=Inktomi&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/wiki/Dogpile) | Launch |",
      "| [Inktomi](/w/index.php?title=Inktomi&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [HotBot](/wiki/HotBot) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/wiki/Dogpile) | Launch |",
      "| [HotBot](/wiki/HotBot) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/w/index.php?title=Ask_Jeeves&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/wiki/Dogpile) | Launch |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/w/index.php?title=Ask_Jeeves&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/wiki/Northern_Light_Group) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/wiki/Northern_Light_Group) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Yandex](/wiki/Yandex) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/wiki/Northern_Light_Group) | Launch |",
      "| [Yandex](/wiki/Yandex) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/wiki/Google_search) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/wiki/Google_search) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/wiki/GenieKnows) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/wiki/GenieKnows) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Naver](/wiki/Naver) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |",
      "| [Naver](/wiki/Naver) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Teoma](/wiki/Teoma) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |",
      "| [Teoma](/wiki/Teoma) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/w/index.php?title=Vivisimo&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/wiki/AlltheWeb) | Launch |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/w/index.php?title=Vivisimo&action=edit&redlink=1) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Baidu) | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Baidu) | Founded |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Exalead](/wiki/Exalead) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Baidu) | Founded |",
      "| [Exalead](/wiki/Exalead) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/wiki/Info.com) | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/wiki/Info.com) | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Yahoo!_Search) | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Yahoo!_Search) | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [A9.com](/wiki/A9.com) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Yahoo!_Search) | Final launch |",
      "| [A9.com](/wiki/A9.com) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Sogou](/w/index.php?title=Sogou&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Yahoo!_Search) | Final launch |",
      "| [Sogou](/w/index.php?title=Sogou&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | [MSN Search](/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | [MSN Search](/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Ask.com](/wiki/Ask.com) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | [MSN Search](/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Final launch |",
      "| [Ask.com](/wiki/Ask.com) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/wiki/GoodSearch) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | [MSN Search](/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Final launch |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/wiki/GoodSearch) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [SearchMe](/wiki/SearchMe) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | [MSN Search](/w/index.php?title=MSN_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Final launch |",
      "| [SearchMe](/wiki/SearchMe) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Quaero](/wiki/Quaero) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |",
      "| [Quaero](/wiki/Quaero) | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Live Search](/w/index.php?title=Live_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |",
      "| [Live Search](/w/index.php?title=Live_Search&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Beta",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [ChaCha](/wiki/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |",
      "| [ChaCha](/wiki/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [ChaCha](/wiki/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Guruji.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Beta",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Guruji.com](/wiki/Guruji.com) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Founded |",
      "| [Guruji.com](/wiki/Guruji.com) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Guruji.com](/wiki/Guruji.com) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Launched |\n| [Sproose](/wiki/Sproose) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Launched |\n| [Sproose](/wiki/Sproose) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Wikia Search](/wiki/Wikia_Search) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Launched |\n| [Sproose](/wiki/Sproose) | Launched | |",
      "| [Wikia Search](/wiki/Wikia_Search) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/wiki/Blackle.com) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](/wiki/Wikiseek) | Launched |\n| [Sproose](/wiki/Sproose) | Launched | |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/wiki/Blackle.com) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Picollator](/w/index.php?title=Picollator&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Picollator](/w/index.php?title=Picollator&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Viewzi](/wiki/Viewzi) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Viewzi](/wiki/Viewzi) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Cuil](/wiki/Cuil) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Cuil](/wiki/Cuil) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Boogami](/wiki/Boogami) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Boogami](/wiki/Boogami) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Beta",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [LeapFish](/wiki/LeapFish) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [LeapFish](/wiki/LeapFish) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [LeapFish](/wiki/LeapFish) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Forestle](/w/index.php?title=Forestle&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Forestle](/w/index.php?title=Forestle&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "VADLO",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [VADLO](/wiki/VADLO) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [VADLO](/wiki/VADLO) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sperse! Search",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Sperse! Search](/wiki/Sperse!_Search) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Sperse! Search](/wiki/Sperse!_Search) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Duck Duck Go",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Duck Duck Go](/wiki/Duck_Duck_Go) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/wiki/Powerset_(company)) | Launched |",
      "| [Duck Duck Go](/wiki/Duck_Duck_Go) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)) | Launched |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)) | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Beta",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Yebol](/wiki/Yebol) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)) | Launched |",
      "| [Yebol](/wiki/Yebol) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Yebol](/wiki/Yebol) | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/w/index.php?title=Mugurdy&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)) | Launched |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/w/index.php?title=Mugurdy&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Goby",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| [Goby](/w/index.php?title=Goby_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/wiki/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/wiki/Bing_(search_engine)) | Launched |",
      "| [Goby](/w/index.php?title=Goby_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1) | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was [Archie](/wiki/Archie_search_engine).[3]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "It was created in 1990 by [Alan Emtage](/w/index.php?title=Alan_Emtage&action=edit&redlink=1), a student at [McGill University](/w/index.php?title=McGill_University&action=edit&redlink=1) in [Montreal](/w/index.php?title=Montreal&action=edit&redlink=1)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of [Gopher](/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by [Mark McCahill](/w/index.php?title=Mark_McCahill&action=edit&redlink=1) at the [University of Minnesota](/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&redlink=1)) led to two new search programs, [Veronica](/wiki/Veronica_(computer)) and [Jughead](/w/index.php?title=Jughead_(computer)&action=edit&redlink=1)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of [Gopher](/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)) (created in 1991 by [Mark McCahill](/w/index.php?title=Mark_McCahill&action=edit&redlink=1) at the [University of Minnesota](/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota&action=edit&redlink=1)) led to two new search programs, [Veronica](/wiki/Veronica_(computer)) and [Jughead](/w/index.php?title=Jughead_(computer)&action=edit&redlink=1)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at [MIT](/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1), produced what was probably the first [web robot](/w/index.php?title=Web_robot&action=edit&redlink=1), the [Perl](/wiki/Perl)-based [World Wide Web Wanderer](/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Wanderer), and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at [MIT](/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1), produced what was probably the first [web robot](/w/index.php?title=Web_robot&action=edit&redlink=1), the [Perl](/wiki/Perl)-based [World Wide Web Wanderer](/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Wanderer), and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Soon after, many search engines appeared and vied for popularity.",
      "[Yahoo!](/w/index.php?title=Yahoo!&action=edit&redlink=1) was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its [web directory](/wiki/Web_directory), rather than full-text copies of web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GamePublic",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "A game search engine is similar to a web search engine, but it only includes results related to the [video game](/w/index.php?title=Video_game&action=edit&redlink=1) industry.",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gamespot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "A game search engine is similar to a web search engine, but it only includes results related to the [video game](/w/index.php?title=Video_game&action=edit&redlink=1) industry.",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "KakaGames",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "A game search engine is similar to a web search engine, but it only includes results related to the [video game](/w/index.php?title=Video_game&action=edit&redlink=1) industry.",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "GameSpider",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "A game search engine is similar to a web search engine, but it only includes results related to the [video game](/w/index.php?title=Video_game&action=edit&redlink=1) industry.",
      "Examples include GamePublic, Gamespot, KakaGames, and GameSpider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AllGameSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Also in existence are video game specific search engines based on [Google](/w/index.php?title=Google&action=edit&redlink=1) custom searches.",
      "Examples include AllGameSearch and GameCurry."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Also in existence are video game specific search engines based on [Google](/w/index.php?title=Google&action=edit&redlink=1) custom searches.",
      "Examples include AllGameSearch and GameCurry."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "GameCurry",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "video game",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Also in existence are video game specific search engines based on [Google](/w/index.php?title=Google&action=edit&redlink=1) custom searches.",
      "Examples include AllGameSearch and GameCurry."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Game search engines",
      "Also in existence are video game specific search engines based on [Google](/w/index.php?title=Google&action=edit&redlink=1) custom searches.",
      "Examples include AllGameSearch and GameCurry."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://a.osmarks.net/content/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2020-08/A/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web content search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](Alan_Emtage), Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at [McGill University](McGill_University) in [Montreal](Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[3][4][5][6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](Alan_Emtage), Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at [McGill University](McGill_University) in [Montreal](Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[3][4][5][6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](Alan_Emtage), Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at [McGill University](McGill_University) in [Montreal](Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually.[3][4][5][6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[5][6][8][9] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[5][6][8][9] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation.[5][6][8][9] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Second web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | [Aliweb](Aliweb), a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data.[5][6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a [crawler](Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[5][6][10] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a [crawler](Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[5][6][10] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a [crawler](Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching).[5][6][10] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | [Infoseek](Infoseek) is launched.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | [Infoseek](Infoseek) is launched.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | [Infoseek](Infoseek) is launched.[5][6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The [WebCrawler](WebCrawler) search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the [University of Washington](University_of_Washington), is released.[6] Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The [WebCrawler](WebCrawler) search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the [University of Washington](University_of_Washington), is released.[6] Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The [WebCrawler](WebCrawler) search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the [University of Washington](University_of_Washington), is released.[6] Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | [Lycos](Lycos), a web search engine, is released.[6] It began as a research project by [Michael Loren Mauldin](Michael_Loren_Mauldin) of [Carnegie Mellon University's](Carnegie_Mellon_University) main [Pittsburgh](Pittsburgh) campus. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | [Lycos](Lycos), a web search engine, is released.[6] It began as a research project by [Michael Loren Mauldin](Michael_Loren_Mauldin) of [Carnegie Mellon University's](Carnegie_Mellon_University) main [Pittsburgh](Pittsburgh) campus. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | [Lycos](Lycos), a web search engine, is released.[6] It began as a research project by [Michael Loren Mauldin](Michael_Loren_Mauldin) of [Carnegie Mellon University's](Carnegie_Mellon_University) main [Pittsburgh](Pittsburgh) campus. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | New search engine | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search) is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[12][13] It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[11] However, it is not a true [Web crawler](Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | New search engine | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search) is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[12][13] It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[11] However, it is not a true [Web crawler](Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | New search engine | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search) is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory.[12][13] It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web.[11] However, it is not a true [Web crawler](Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Altavista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search engine supporting natural language queries",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | December | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | December | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[5][6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | December | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | [Altavista](Altavista) is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours.[5][6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | January\u2013March | New web search engine | [Larry Page](Larry_Page) and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | January\u2013March | New web search engine | [Larry Page](Larry_Page) and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | January\u2013March | New web search engine | [Larry Page](Larry_Page) and [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) begin working on [BackRub](BackRub), the predecessor to [Google Search](Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March.[6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | [Inktomi](Inktomi) releases its [HotBot](HotBot) search engine.[6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | [Inktomi](Inktomi) releases its [HotBot](HotBot) search engine.[6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | [Inktomi](Inktomi) releases its [HotBot](HotBot) search engine.[6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine (non-English)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | [Arkady Volozh](Arkady_Volozh) and [Ilya Segalovich](Ilya_Segalovich) launch their Russian web search engine [Yandex](Yandex) and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[22] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | [Arkady Volozh](Arkady_Volozh) and [Ilya Segalovich](Ilya_Segalovich) launch their Russian web search engine [Yandex](Yandex) and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[22] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | [Arkady Volozh](Arkady_Volozh) and [Ilya Segalovich](Ilya_Segalovich) launch their Russian web search engine [Yandex](Yandex) and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000.[22] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to [Bing](Bing_(search_engine)) in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to [Bing](Bing_(search_engine)) in June 2009. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | [MSN](MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to [Bing](Bing_(search_engine)) in June 2009. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Direct Hit Technologies",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | August | New web search engine | [Direct Hit Technologies](Direct_Hit_Technologies) releases their popularity search engine in partnership with HotBot, providing more relevant results based on prior user search activity.[24] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | August | New web search engine | [Direct Hit Technologies](Direct_Hit_Technologies) releases their popularity search engine in partnership with HotBot, providing more relevant results based on prior user search activity.[24] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | August | New web search engine | [Direct Hit Technologies](Direct_Hit_Technologies) releases their popularity search engine in partnership with HotBot, providing more relevant results based on prior user search activity.[24] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997.[6] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](Robin_Li), who previously developed [RankDex](RankDex) in 1996. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](Robin_Li), who previously developed [RankDex](RankDex) in 1996. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](Robin_Li), who previously developed [RankDex](RankDex) in 1996. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "goes out of business",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[6][28] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[6][28] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[6][28] |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business.[6][28] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": "2009",
     "status": "shuts it down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New human-curated web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia](Wikia) launches [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search), a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down. Relevant dates: publicly proposed December 23, 2006[29] and January 31, 2007,[30] private pre-alpha December 24, 2007,[31][32] toolbar release August 2008, shutdown March\u2013May 2009.[33] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia](Wikia) launches [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search), a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down. Relevant dates: publicly proposed December 23, 2006[29] and January 31, 2007,[30] private pre-alpha December 24, 2007,[31][32] toolbar release August 2008, shutdown March\u2013May 2009.[33] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia](Wikia) launches [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search), a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down. Relevant dates: publicly proposed December 23, 2006[29] and January 31, 2007,[30] private pre-alpha December 24, 2007,[31][32] toolbar release August 2008, shutdown March\u2013May 2009.[33] |"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia](Wikia) launches [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search), a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down. Relevant dates: publicly proposed December 23, 2006[29] and January 31, 2007,[30] private pre-alpha December 24, 2007,[31][32] toolbar release August 2008, shutdown March\u2013May 2009.[33] |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia](Wikia) launches [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search), a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down. Relevant dates: publicly proposed December 23, 2006[29] and January 31, 2007,[30] private pre-alpha December 24, 2007,[31][32] toolbar release August 2008, shutdown March\u2013May 2009.[33] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": "2010",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[34] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[35][36][37] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[34] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[35][36][37] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[34] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[35][36][37] |"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[34] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[35][36][37] |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches.[34] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010.[35][36][37] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | September 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches.[38][39] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | September 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches.[38][39] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | September 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches.[38][39] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | [Blekko](Blekko), a search engine that uses [slashtags](Slashtag) to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches.[55] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | [Blekko](Blekko), a search engine that uses [slashtags](Slashtag) to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches.[55] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Timeline of web search engines",
      "## Full timeline",
      "| Year | Month and date | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | [Blekko](Blekko), a search engine that uses [slashtags](Slashtag) to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches.[55] |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://searchengineworld.com/the-big-search-engine-list-who-indexes-what?utm_src=newsraid.com",
   "title": "Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
   "published_at": "2026-02-03T13:43:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/google.com.png)Google](https://www.google.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/bing.png)Bing](https://www.bing.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Chinese market",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/baidu.com.png)Baidu](https://www.baidu.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/baidu.com.png)Baidu](https://www.baidu.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* Baidu operates its own web crawlers and indexing, primarily serving the Chinese market."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russian-speaking users",
     "type": "computational knowledge engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/yandex.com.png)Yandex](https://www.yandex.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/yandex.com.png)Yandex](https://www.yandex.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* Yandex maintains its own search index, catering mainly to Russian-speaking users."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/wolframalpha.com.png)WolframAlpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* WolframAlpha uses its own computational knowledge engine to provide answers."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WolframAlpha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/wolframalpha.com.png)WolframAlpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/qwant.com.png)Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/mojeek.com.png)Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Chinese users",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.sogou.com.png)Sogou](https://www.sogou.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.sogou.com.png)Sogou](https://www.sogou.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* Sogou maintains its own search index, serving primarily Chinese users."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Czech market",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.seznam.cz.png)Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.seznam.cz.png)Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/)",
      "*Own Index:* Seznam operates its own search engine, primarily for the Czech market."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.naver.com.png)Naver](https://www.naver.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.naver.com.png)Naver](https://www.naver.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* Naver maintains its own search index, serving primarily South Korea."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boardreader",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "indexing forums and message boards",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/boardreader.com.png)Boardreader](https://boardreader.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/boardreader.com.png)Boardreader](https://boardreader.com/)",
      "*Own Index:* Boardreader specializes in indexing forums and message boards."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.brave.com.png)Brave Search](https://search.brave.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.ask.com.png)Ask.com](https://www.ask.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/yep.com.png)Yep.com](https://yep.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Openverse",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "tool that allows openly licensed and public domain works to be discovered and used by everyone",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/openverse.org.png)Openverse](https://openverse.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/openverse.org.png)Openverse](https://openverse.org/)",
      "*Index Source:*[Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/)\n Openverse is a tool that allows openly licensed and public domain works to be discovered and used by everyone."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "KarmaSearch.org",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/karmasearch.org.png)KarmaSearch.org](https://karmasearch.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Scout!",
     "launch_year": "2026",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI-powered answer engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.yahoo.com.png)Yahoo! Scout!](https://scout.yahoo.com/) more at: [Yahoo Releases Scout](https://www.searchengineworld.com/yahoo-scout-is-here-why-a-new-ai-search-player-is-a-win-for-everyone)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.yahoo.com.png)Yahoo! Scout!](https://scout.yahoo.com/) more at: [Yahoo Releases Scout](https://www.searchengineworld.com/yahoo-scout-is-here-why-a-new-ai-search-player-is-a-win-for-everyone)",
      "*Index Source:* Yahoo launched Yahoo Scout on January 27, 2026, an AI-powered answer engine that complements standard search."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Updated 2026 \u2013 Big Search Engine List: Who Indexes What?",
      "Here\u2019s a list of the top search engines on the web, each with a brief description and source of their index:",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.yahoo.com.png)Yahoo! Scout!](https://scout.yahoo.com/) more at: [Yahoo Releases Scout](https://www.searchengineworld.com/yahoo-scout-is-here-why-a-new-ai-search-player-is-a-win-for-everyone)",
      "*Index Source:* Yahoo launched Yahoo Scout on January 27, 2026, an AI-powered answer engine that complements standard search."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.yahoo.com.png)Yahoo! Search](https://search.yahoo.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/duckduckgo.com.png)DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/ecosia.org.png)Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/search.aol.com.png)AOL Search](https://search.aol.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/swisscows.com.png)Swisscows](https://swisscows.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.lycos.com.png)Lycos](https://www.lycos.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Oscobo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.oscobo.com.png)Oscobo](https://www.oscobo.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ekoru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.ekoru.org.png)Ekoru](https://www.ekoru.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/startpage.com.png)Startpage](https://www.startpage.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Japan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3rd Party Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/yahoo.co.jp.png)Yahoo! Japan](https://www.yahoo.co.jp/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/metager.org.png)MetaGer](https://metager.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/metager.org.png)MetaGer](https://metager.org/)",
      "*Index Source:* MetaGer is a metasearch engine that aggregates results from multiple search engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yippy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.yippysearchengine.com.png)Yippy](https://www.yippysearchengine.com/)*Index Source:* Yippy is a metasearch engine that clusters results from various sources."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/www.yippysearchengine.com.png)Yippy](https://www.yippysearchengine.com/)*Index Source:* Yippy is a metasearch engine that clusters results from various sources."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/you.com.png)You.com](https://you.com/)*Index Source:* Combines its own indexing with AI capabilities to provide a customizable search experience."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/dogpile.com.png)Dogpile](https://www.dogpile.com/)*Index Source:* Metasearch engine that aggregates serps from multiple se\u2019s including Google and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/dogpile.com.png)Dogpile](https://www.dogpile.com/)*Index Source:* Metasearch engine that aggregates serps from multiple se\u2019s including Google and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-focused search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/kagi.com.png)Kagi](https://kagi.com/)*Index Source:* Privacy-focused search engine that sources results from multiple search engines and its own indexing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/kagi.com.png)Kagi](https://kagi.com/)*Index Source:* Privacy-focused search engine that sources results from multiple search engines and its own indexing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy focused meta se",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [Searx](https://searx.github.io/)*Index Source:* Privacy focused meta se that aggregates serps from various se\u2019s without tracking users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [Searx](https://searx.github.io/)*Index Source:* Privacy focused meta se that aggregates serps from various se\u2019s without tracking users."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Multiple or Meta Search Index",
      "- [![](/gfx/favicons/gibiru.com.png)Gibiru](https://gibiru.com/)*Index Source:* Offers anonymous and uncensored search results, sourcing data from modified Google algorithms."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.digitalnypriestor.sk/historia-vyhladavacov-ako-sme-hladali",
   "title": "History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn... Uh, Information (1995 - 2025)",
   "published_at": "2025-12-23T22:23:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Directory",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hand-sorted phone book of websites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "**The first search engines** like **AltaVista** , **Lycos** , **Excite** or **Yahoo! Directory** (which was basically just a hand-sorted phone book of websites) worked on the principle of brute force."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 1. 1995-2000: The era of \"Carpet Raid\" (AltaVista, Yahoo and chaos)",
      "Remember **Ask Jeeves** ?"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "##### **Where was Google then?**",
      "In 1998, two Stanford students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, started Google in a garage."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "##### **Where was Google then?**",
      "In 1998, two Stanford students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, started Google in a garage."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 2. 2005 \u2013 2010: The \u201cLink\u201d Era (The Rise of Google and SEO Magic)",
      "Yahoo and MSN (later Bing) tried, but **how Google worked** was a mystery to them for a long time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "### 2. 2005 \u2013 2010: The \u201cLink\u201d Era (The Rise of Google and SEO Magic)",
      "Yahoo and MSN (later Bing) tried, but **how Google worked** was a mystery to them for a long time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Zoznam.sk",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: How We Searched for Porn\u2026 Uh, Information (1995 \u2013 2025)",
      "I have a vague digital memory of the sound of the modem and the gradual loading of the Zoznam.sk logo, line by line, for about 5 minutes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://privacyranker.com/posts/private-search-engines-ranked-2026",
   "title": "Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
   "published_at": "2026-05-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "DuckDuckGo, Brave Search, Startpage, Mojeek, and SearXNG ranked on index independence, what they log, and where each makes sense in 2026.",
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "## 5. DuckDuckGo \u2014 Most Convenient, Least Independent",
      "DuckDuckGo is the most well-known privacy search engine and offers the broadest consumer tooling: a mobile browser, desktop extensions, and email protection."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "DuckDuckGo is the most well-known privacy search engine and offers the broadest consumer tooling: a mobile browser, desktop extensions, and email protection."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "DuckDuckGo, Brave Search, Startpage, Mojeek, and SearXNG ranked on index independence, what they log, and where each makes sense in 2026.",
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "## 2. Brave Search \u2014 Best Independent for Daily Use",
      "Brave Search runs its own index and is the best balance of independence and everyday result quality in 2026."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "DuckDuckGo, Brave Search, Startpage, Mojeek, and SearXNG ranked on index independence, what they log, and where each makes sense in 2026.",
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "## 3. Startpage \u2014 Google Quality Without Google Knowing You",
      "Startpage is effectively a privacy layer on top of Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "DuckDuckGo, Brave Search, Startpage, Mojeek, and SearXNG ranked on index independence, what they log, and where each makes sense in 2026.",
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "## 1. Mojeek \u2014 Most Independent",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based engine that has built its own web crawler and index from scratch."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "open-source metasearch software",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "DuckDuckGo, Brave Search, Startpage, Mojeek, and SearXNG ranked on index independence, what they log, and where each makes sense in 2026.",
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "## 4. SearXNG \u2014 Most Configurable",
      "SearXNG is open-source metasearch software that aggregates results from dozens of sources \u2014 Google, Bing, Wikipedia, specialized engines \u2014 without sending your identity to any of them."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Private Search Engines Ranked 2026: Independence vs Convenience",
      "SearXNG is open-source metasearch software that aggregates results from dozens of sources \u2014 Google, Bing, Wikipedia, specialized engines \u2014 without sending your identity to any of them."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://smseo.com/history-of-search-engines",
   "title": "History of Search Engines: 15 Biggest Names",
   "published_at": "2025-09-16T01:24:41",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": "2010",
     "status": "no longer in operation",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "index FTP site file names",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "1. Archie (1990)",
      "Due to the fast growth of online content, early search engines like Archie, Veronica, and Jughead had to be made."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "1. Archie (1990)",
      "**Alan Emtage**, a student at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, created Archie in 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "1. Archie (1990)",
      "Archie retired in **2010** and is no longer in operation."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "1. Archie (1990)",
      "Archie retired in **2010** and is no longer in operation."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "1. Archie (1990)",
      "It was the **first search engine** to index FTP site file names."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "no longer in operation",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for Gopher",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "2. Veronica (1992)",
      "Due to the fast growth of online content, early search engines like Archie, Veronica, and Jughead had to be made."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "2. Veronica (1992)",
      "- It was **developed by** the same team that created Archie and was released in 1992."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "2. Veronica (1992)",
      "Veronica is **no longer** in operation."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "2. Veronica (1992)",
      "Veronica, which **stands for** \u201cVery Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives,\u201d was a search engine for Gopher before the web."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": "late 1990s",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "3. Jughead (1993)",
      "Due to the fast growth of online content, early search engines like Archie, Veronica, and Jughead had to be made."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "3. Jughead (1993)",
      "Jughead was a web search engine made by the **Internet Archive in 1993**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "3. Jughead (1993)",
      "Even though Jughead was popular initially, it was shut down in the late 1990s because other, more advanced search engines, such as Google and Yahoo, had emerged."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "3. Jughead (1993)",
      "Even though Jughead was popular initially, it was shut down in the late 1990s because other, more advanced search engines, such as Google and Yahoo, had emerged."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "3. Jughead (1993)",
      "Jughead was a web search engine made by the **Internet Archive in 1993**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still in business today as a web portal and a provider of digital media",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "4. Lycos (1994)",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "4. Lycos (1994)",
      "In **1994,** Carnegie Mellon University created Lycos, a web search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "4. Lycos (1994)",
      "Ybrant Digital, an Indian digital marketing company, **bought Lycos in 2010**, and it is still in business today as a web portal and a provider of digital media."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "4. Lycos (1994)",
      "In **1994,** Carnegie Mellon University created Lycos, a web search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": "2001",
     "status": "ending the Excite search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for the web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "5. Excite (1994)",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "5. Excite (1994)",
      "Excite was a search engine for the web that six people made at Stanford University in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "5. Excite (1994)",
      "Excite@Home filed for bankruptcy in **2001**, and various companies acquired its assets, effectively ending the Excite search engine."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "5. Excite (1994)",
      "Excite@Home filed for bankruptcy in **2001**, and various companies acquired its assets, effectively ending the Excite search engine."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "5. Excite (1994)",
      "Excite was a search engine for the web that six people made at Stanford University in 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "list of websites grouped by type",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "6. Yahoo!",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "6. Yahoo!",
      "Yahoo Search was first released in** 1994** as a list of websites grouped by type."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "6. Yahoo!",
      "In **2021,** Verizon Media said it would sell its media assets, such as Yahoo, to Apollo Global Management, a private equity firm."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "6. Yahoo!",
      "Yahoo Search was first released in** 1994** as a list of websites grouped by type."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "officially shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "7. AltaVista",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "7. AltaVista",
      "AltaVista was a web search engine **developed in 1995** by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "7. AltaVista",
      "AltaVista\u2019s web search service was **officially shut down** in 2013, and the brand and some of its technologies were used for other purposes, such as enterprise search solutions or e-commerce."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "7. AltaVista",
      "AltaVista\u2019s web search service was **officially shut down** in 2013, and the brand and some of its technologies were used for other purposes, such as enterprise search solutions or e-commerce."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "7. AltaVista",
      "AltaVista was a web search engine **developed in 1995** by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still providing services to its users",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "question-answering search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "8. Ask Jeeves",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "8. Ask Jeeves",
      "Ask Jeeves (later known as Ask.com) was **launched in 1996** as a question-answering search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "8. Ask Jeeves",
      "Ask.com is still around and is **still providing services** to its users."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "8. Ask Jeeves",
      "Ask Jeeves (later known as Ask.com) was **launched in 1996** as a question-answering search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "9. Google",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "9. Google",
      "Larry Page and Sergey Brin **started [Google](https://smseo.com/google-penalty/) in 1998** while both got their Ph. D.s at Stanford University."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "9. Google",
      "Google is now one of the **world\u2019s most valuable and influential companies**."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "publicly traded company",
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "10. Yandex",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "10. Yandex",
      "Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launched Yandex for the **first time in Russia** in 1997."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "10. Yandex",
      "Yandex is now a **publicly traded company** and one of the biggest technology companies in Russia."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "10. Yandex",
      "Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launched Yandex for the **first time in Russia** in 1997."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "11. Baidu",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "11. Baidu",
      "Baidu was first **launched in** 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu in China."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "11. Baidu",
      "Baidu is now one of **China\u2019s most valuable** and essential companies."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "11. Baidu",
      "Baidu was first **launched in** 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu in China."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "StartPage",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "continues to be used by a dedicated user base",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "12. StartPage",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "12. StartPage",
      "StartPage was launched in 2006 as a **privacy-focused** search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "12. StartPage",
      "However, it continues to be used by a **dedicated user base** that values data protection and privacy."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "12. StartPage",
      "StartPage was launched in 2006 as a **privacy-focused** search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "continues to operate",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "13. DuckDuckGo",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "13. DuckDuckGo",
      "**Gabriel Weinberg** made DuckDuckGo in 2008 because he didn\u2019t like how other search engines didn\u2019t offer enough privacy and personalization."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "13. DuckDuckGo",
      "DuckDuckGo **continues to operate**, and its traffic is growing, but it\u2019s unclear if it will ever reach the same level of dominance as Google."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WolframAlpha",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still up and running",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "computational knowledge engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "14. WolframAlpha",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "14. WolframAlpha",
      "WolframAlpha was invented by **Stephen Wolfram** and launched in 2009 as a \u201ccomputational knowledge engine\u201d."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "14. WolframAlpha",
      "WolframAlpha is **still up and running**, and many people still use it as a reference tool because of its unique ability to compute and analyze data."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "14. WolframAlpha",
      "WolframAlpha was invented by **Stephen Wolfram** and launched in 2009 as a \u201ccomputational knowledge engine\u201d."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "widely used",
     "country_or_region": "United States",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "15. Bing",
      "This section will cover the invention and evolution of the top 15 search engines in great detail."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "15. Bing",
      "**Microsoft** made Bing in 2009 to replace their old search engine, Live Search."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "15. Bing",
      "Bing is still **widely used**, and Microsoft\u2019s Edge web browser and Cortana, the company\u2019s digital assistant, use it as their default search engine."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# History of Search Engines: Evolution & Journey",
      "## History of Search Engines",
      "15. Bing",
      "Bing quickly **gained market share** and surpassed Yahoo! as the second most popular search engine in the United States, behind Google."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://thewebhelp.com/seo/search-engines",
   "title": "Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | Aliweb | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1993 | Aliweb | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| JumpStation | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Infoseek | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| | Lycos | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch (part of DEC) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch (part of DEC) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Excite | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Inktomi | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| HotBot | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| | Ask Jeeves | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | Northern Light | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | Northern Light | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Naver | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Teoma | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Vivisimo | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | Baidu | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | Info.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | Info.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| | A9.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Ask.com | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AskMeNow",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| AskMeNow | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lexxe.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Lexxe.com | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Quaero | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Live Search | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| ChaCha | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quintura",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Quintura | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Guruji.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Guruji.com | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AskWiki",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |\n| AskWiki | Launched |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search Engines",
      "## History of popular Web search engines",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |\n| AskWiki | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "now-defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The first Web search engine was Wandex, a now-defunct index collected by the World Wide Web Wanderer, a web crawler developed by Matthew Gray at MIT in 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The first Web search engine was Wandex, a now-defunct index collected by the World Wide Web Wanderer, a web crawler developed by Matthew Gray at MIT in 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The first Web search engine was Wandex, a now-defunct index collected by the World Wide Web Wanderer, a web crawler developed by Matthew Gray at MIT in 1993."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than full-text copies of web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://ipfs.basearchive.ai/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Internet_search.html",
   "title": "Web search engine",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](Aliweb.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](Aliweb.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](JumpStation.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](JumpStation.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](World-Wide_Web_Worm.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](W3Catalog.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](World-Wide_Web_Worm.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](Go.com.html) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](Go.com.html) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](Infoseek.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](WebCrawler.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](Infoseek.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirected to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](Daum_Communications.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](Daum_Communications.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](Magellan_(search_engine).html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](Magellan_(search_engine).html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](Excite.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](Excite.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](SAPO_(company).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](SAPO_(company).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as a directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as a directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](Inktomi_(company).html) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](Inktomi_(company).html) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (lycos.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](HotBot.html) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](HotBot.html) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](Ask.com.html) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](Dogpile.html) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](Ask.com.html) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](Northern_Light_Group.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "### East Asia and Russia",
      "[Yandex](Yandex.html) commands a marketshare of 61.9 percent in Russia, compared to Google's 28.3 percent.[20]"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active also as Startpage",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](Ixquick.html) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](Ixquick.html) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](MSN_Search.html) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](MSN_Search.html) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](Empas.html) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](Google_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](Empas.html) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, rebranded Yellowee.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": "search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](Naver.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](Naver.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "### East Asia and Russia",
      "South Korea's homegrown search portal, [Naver](Naver.html), is used for 70 percent of online searches in the country.[22]"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "### East Asia and Russia",
      "South Korea's homegrown search portal, [Naver](Naver.html), is used for 70 percent of online searches in the country.[22]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Ask.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](Teoma.html) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](Teoma.html) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](Vivisimo.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](AlltheWeb.html) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](Vivisimo.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](Baidu.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](Kartoo.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scroogle",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](Scroogle.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](Info.com.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](Scroogle.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched own web search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](A9.com.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](A9.com.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search.html) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](GoodSearch.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](GoodSearch.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](SearchMe.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](AOL_Search.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](SearchMe.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](Quaero.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](Quaero.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](Search.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](Search.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](ChaCha_(search_engine).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](ChaCha_(search_engine).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](Live_Search.html) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](Soso_(search_engine).html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](Live_Search.html) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](Live_Search.html) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sproose](Sproose.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sproose](Sproose.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Wikia Search](Wikia_Search.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](Blackle.com.html) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | [wikiseek](Wikiseek.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](Blackle.com.html) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](Blackle.com.html) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](Picollator.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](Picollator.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](Viewzi.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](Viewzi.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](Boogami.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](Boogami.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](LeapFish.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](LeapFish.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](Forestle.html) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](Forestle.html) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](Powerset_(company).html) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo.html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as rebranded Live Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](Yebol.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](Yebol.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive due to a lack of funding",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](Mugurdy.html) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](Mugurdy.html) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scout (Goby)",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](Goby_Inc..html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](Goby_Inc..html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NATE",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](Nate_(web_portal).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](Bing.html) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](Nate_(web_portal).html) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, sold to IBM",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](Cuil.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](Cuil.html) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex (English)",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](Blekko.html) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](Yandex.html) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "P2P web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](YaCy.html) | Active, [P2P](Peer-to-peer.html) web search engine |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](Volunia.html) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Coc Coc",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Vietnamese search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Vietnamese search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](Coc_Coc.html) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Kurdish / Sorani search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](Qwant.html) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## History",
      "Timeline ([full list](List_of_search_engines.html)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](Egerin.html) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wikimili.com/en/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader",
   "published_at": "2026-04-01T16:18:45",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "WHOis",
     "launch_year": "1982",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web domain search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | [WHOis](./WHOIS) [[1]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1) [[2]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) [Elizabeth Feinler](./Elizabeth_J._Feinler) and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](./ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. [[3]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in [Stanford's](./Stanford_University) Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. [[4]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created [domains](./Domain_Name_System), with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. [[5]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | [WHOis](./WHOIS) [[1]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1) [[2]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) [Elizabeth Feinler](./Elizabeth_J._Feinler) and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](./ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. [[3]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in [Stanford's](./Stanford_University) Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. [[4]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created [domains](./Domain_Name_System), with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. [[5]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1982 | | | Pre-web domain search engine | [WHOis](./WHOIS) [[1]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-1) [[2]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2) [Elizabeth Feinler](./Elizabeth_J._Feinler) and her team (who had created the Resource Directory for [ARPANET](./ARPANET)) were responsible for creating the first WHOIS directory in the early 1970s. [[3]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-3) Feinler set up a server in [Stanford's](./Stanford_University) Network Information Center (NIC) which acted as a directory that could retrieve relevant information about people or entities. [[4]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018119-4) She and the team created [domains](./Domain_Name_System), with Feinler's suggestion that domains be divided into categories based on the physical address of the computer. [[5]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2018120-5) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web content search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](./Alan_Emtage) [[7]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7) [[8]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8) [[9]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9) [[10]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at [McGill University](./McGill_University) in [Montreal](./Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](./File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. [[11]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11) [[12]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12) [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](./Alan_Emtage) [[7]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7) [[8]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8) [[9]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9) [[10]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at [McGill University](./McGill_University) in [Montreal](./Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](./File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. [[11]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11) [[12]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12) [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | September [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | 10 (released) [[6]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-2020/09/21davy-6) | Pre-web content search engine | The Archie search engine, created by [Alan Emtage](./Alan_Emtage) [[7]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-7) [[8]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-8) [[9]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-9) [[10]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-10) computer science student at [McGill University](./McGill_University) in [Montreal](./Montreal), goes live. The program downloads the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ([File Transfer Protocol](./File_Transfer_Protocol)) sites, creates a searchable database of a lot of file names; however, Archie does not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data is so limited it can be readily searched manually. [[11]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-11) [[12]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-12) [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Pre-web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web robot",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](./Perl)-based [World Wide Web Wanderer](./World_Wide_Web_Wanderer), and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[15]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](./Perl)-based [World Wide Web Wanderer](./World_Wide_Web_Wanderer), and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[15]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | June | | First web robot | Matthew K. Gray produces the first known web robot, the [Perl](./Perl)-based [World Wide Web Wanderer](./World_Wide_Web_Wanderer), and uses it to generate an index of the web called the Wandex. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[15]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-15) However, the World Wide Web Wanderer is intended only to measure the size of the web rather than to facilitate search. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](./W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](./Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](./University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[16]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16) [[17]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](./W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](./Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](./University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[16]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16) [[17]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 2 | First web search engine | [W3Catalog](./W3Catalog), written by [Oscar Nierstrasz](./Oscar_Nierstrasz) at the [University of Geneva](./University_of_Geneva), is released to the world. It is the world's first web search engine. It does not rely on a crawler and indexer but rather on already existing high-quality lists of websites. One of its main drawbacks is that the bot accesses each page hundreds of times each day, causing performance degradation. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[16]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-history-16) [[17]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-virtual-17) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Second web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](./Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](./Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| October/November | | Second web search engine | Aliweb, a web search engine created by [Martijn Koster](./Martijn_Koster), is announced. It does not use a web robot, but instead depends on being notified by website administrators of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. The absence of a bot means that less bandwidth is used; however, most website administrators are not aware of the need to submit their data. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a [crawler](./Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](./JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[18]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a [crawler](./Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](./JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[18]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | First web search engine to use a [crawler](./Web_crawler) and indexer | [JumpStation](./JumpStation), created by Jonathon Fletcher, is released. It is the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching). [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[18]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-18) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Directory",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | New web search engine | [Infoseek](./Infoseek) is launched. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | New web search engine | [Infoseek](./Infoseek) is launched. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March | | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports [Perl](./Perl)-based regular expressions. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| March | | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released. It is claimed to have been created in September 1993, at which time there did not exist any crawler-based search engine, but it is not the earliest at the time of its actual release. It supports [Perl](./Perl)-based regular expressions. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The [WebCrawler](./WebCrawler) search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the [University of Washington](./University_of_Washington), is released. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| April | 20 | New web search engine | The [WebCrawler](./WebCrawler) search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the [University of Washington](./University_of_Washington), is released. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) Unlike its predecessors, it allows users to search for any word in any webpage, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | | New web search engine | [Lycos](./Lycos), a web search engine, is released. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It began as a research project by [Michael Loren Mauldin](./Michael_Loren_Mauldin) of [Carnegie Mellon University's](./Carnegie_Mellon_University) main [Pittsburgh](./Pittsburgh) campus. | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | | New web directory | Yahoo!, founded by [Jerry Yang](./Jerry_Yang) and [David Filo](./David_Filo), launches Yahoo! Directory. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It becomes the first popular [Web directory](./Web_directory). [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | | New web search engine | [Lycos](./Lycos), a web search engine, is released. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) It began as a research project by [Michael Loren Mauldin](./Michael_Loren_Mauldin) of [Carnegie Mellon University's](./Carnegie_Mellon_University) main [Pittsburgh](./Pittsburgh) campus. | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New web directory | [LookSmart](./LookSmart) is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| | | New web directory | [LookSmart](./LookSmart) is released. It competes with Yahoo! as a web directory, and the competition makes both directories more inclusive. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Altavista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search engine supporting natural language queries",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | | | New search engine | Yahoo! Search is launched. It is a search function that allows users to search Yahoo! Directory. [[20]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-20) [[21]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-21) It becomes the first popular search engine on the Web. [[19]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-techtarget-19) However, it is not a true [Web crawler](./Web_crawler) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched. This is a first among web search engines in many ways: it has unlimited bandwidth, allows natural language queries, has search tips, and allows people to add or delete their domains in 24 hours. [[13]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-seh-13) [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | [Robin Li](./Robin_Li) developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [[23]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23) [[24]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24) [[25]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology. [[26]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, [[27]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](./Google) two years later in 1998. [[28]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](./PageRank). [[29]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the [Baidu](./Baidu) search engine. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | [Robin Li](./Robin_Li) developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [[23]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23) [[24]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24) [[25]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology. [[26]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, [[27]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](./Google) two years later in 1998. [[28]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](./PageRank). [[29]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the [Baidu](./Baidu) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | [Robin Li](./Robin_Li) developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [[23]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23) [[24]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24) [[25]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology. [[26]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, [[27]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](./Google) two years later in 1998. [[28]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](./PageRank). [[29]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the [Baidu](./Baidu) search engine. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "BackRub",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| January\u2013March | | New web search engine | [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) and [Sergey Brin](./Sergey_Brin) begin working on BackRub, the predecessor to [Google Search](./Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | [Robin Li](./Robin_Li) developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [[23]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23) [[24]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24) [[25]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology. [[26]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, [[27]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](./Google) two years later in 1998. [[28]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](./PageRank). [[29]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the [Baidu](./Baidu) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| January\u2013March | | New web search engine | [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) and [Sergey Brin](./Sergey_Brin) begin working on BackRub, the predecessor to [Google Search](./Google_Search). The crawler begins activity in March. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May | | New web search engine | [Inktomi](./Inktomi) releases its [HotBot](./HotBot) search engine. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | | | New web search engine | [Robin Li](./Robin_Li) developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [[23]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-23) [[24]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-24) [[25]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-25) and received a US patent for the technology. [[26]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-26) It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, [[27]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-27) predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by [Google](./Google) two years later in 1998. [[28]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-28) [Larry Page](./Larry_Page) referenced Li's work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for [PageRank](./PageRank). [[29]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-29) Li later used his Rankdex technology for the [Baidu](./Baidu) search engine. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| May | | New web search engine | [Inktomi](./Inktomi) releases its [HotBot](./HotBot) search engine. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New natural language-based web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become [Ask.com](./Ask.com). [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become [Ask.com](./Ask.com). [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves, a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released. It would later become [Ask.com](./Ask.com). [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine (non-English)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | [Arkady Volozh](./Arkady_Volozh) and [Ilya Segalovich](./Ilya_Segalovich) launch their Russian web search engine [Yandex](./Yandex) and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000. [[31]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-yandexcomhistory-31) | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered. [[30]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-official-google-history-30) Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998). | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | [Arkady Volozh](./Arkady_Volozh) and [Ilya Segalovich](./Ilya_Segalovich) launch their Russian web search engine [Yandex](./Yandex) and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow. The initial development is by Comptek; Yandex would become a separate company in 2000. [[31]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-yandexcomhistory-31) | | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by [Rich Skrenta](./Rich_Skrenta) and [Bob Truel](./Bob_Truel), both employees of [Sun Microsystems](./Sun_Microsystems), launches. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[32]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |\n| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](./MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](./Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. [[33]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-33) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by [Rich Skrenta](./Rich_Skrenta) and [Bob Truel](./Bob_Truel), both employees of [Sun Microsystems](./Sun_Microsystems), launches. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[32]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |\n| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](./MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](./Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. [[33]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-33) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | June | 5 | New web directory | Gnuhoo, a web directory project by [Rich Skrenta](./Rich_Skrenta) and [Bob Truel](./Bob_Truel), both employees of [Sun Microsystems](./Sun_Microsystems), launches. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[32]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-SlashdotGnuhoo-32) It would later be renamed the Open Directory Project. |\n| July\u2013September | | New web search portal | [MSN](./MSN) launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from [Inktomi](./Inktomi). After many changes to the backend search engine, MSN would start developing in-house search technology in 2005, and later change its name to Bing in June 2009. [[33]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-33) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](./AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](./Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](./AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](./Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | | New web search engine | [AlltheWeb](./AlltheWeb), based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the [Norwegian University of Science and Technology](./Norwegian_University_of_Science_and_Technology), titled *FTP Search*, launches. The engine is launched by Egge's company Fast Search & Transfer, established on July 16, 1997. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](./Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](./Robin_Li), who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](./Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](./Robin_Li), who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January | 1 | New web search portal | [Baidu](./Baidu), a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches. It was founded by [Robin Li](./Robin_Li), who previously developed RankDex in 1996. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "out of business",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | January | | Webmaster tools | To combat link spam, [Google](./Google), Yahoo! and [Microsoft](./Microsoft) collectively introduce the [nofollow](./Nofollow) attribute. [[37]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-moz-37) |\n| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](./Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[38]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-38) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | January | | Webmaster tools | To combat link spam, [Google](./Google), Yahoo! and [Microsoft](./Microsoft) collectively introduce the [nofollow](./Nofollow) attribute. [[37]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-moz-37) |\n| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](./Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[38]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-38) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | January | | Webmaster tools | To combat link spam, [Google](./Google), Yahoo! and [Microsoft](./Microsoft) collectively introduce the [nofollow](./Nofollow) attribute. [[37]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-moz-37) |\n| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](./Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[38]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-38) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | January | | Webmaster tools | To combat link spam, [Google](./Google), Yahoo! and [Microsoft](./Microsoft) collectively introduce the [nofollow](./Nofollow) attribute. [[37]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-moz-37) |\n| October | | New web search engine | Overture Services Inc. owner [Bill Gross](./Bill_T._Gross) launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business. [[14]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-internetseh-14) [[38]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-38) | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shutdown",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New human-curated web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia Search](./Wikia_Search) (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. [[39]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-39) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia Search](./Wikia_Search) (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. [[39]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-39) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2009 | March\u2013May | 14 | Web search EOL | shutdown of *Wikia Search* [[47]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-Wales_giving_up_on_Wikia_Search-47) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006 | December | 23 (proposed) | New human-curated web search engine | [Wikia Search](./Wikia_Search) (Wikia), a search engine based on human curation. [[39]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TimesDec23-39) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](./Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. [[41]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-41) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. [[42]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-42) [[43]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43) [[44]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-44) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](./Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. [[41]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-41) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. [[42]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-42) [[43]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43) [[44]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-44) |"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
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      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](./Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. [[41]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-41) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. [[42]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-42) [[43]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43) [[44]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-44) |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
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      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January | 28 | New web search engine | [Cuil](./Cuil), a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. [[41]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-AP1-41) It would later shut down on September 17, 2010. [[42]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-42) [[43]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-43) [[44]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-REF_ID-44) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](./DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](./Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches. [[45]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-45) [[46]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-46) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](./DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](./Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches. [[45]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-45) [[46]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-46) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 25 | New web search engine | [DuckDuckGo (DDG)](./DuckDuckGo), a web search engine focused on protecting searchers' [privacy](./Internet_privacy) by not profiling its users, launches. [[45]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-45) [[46]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-46) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine [ImHalal](./ImHalal) is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. [[54]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-54) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine [ImHalal](./ImHalal) is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. [[54]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-54) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| September | 1 | New web search engine | The search engine [ImHalal](./ImHalal) is launched built on top of social-cultural Islamic values. [[54]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-54) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine [Ecosia](./Ecosia) is launched. [[55]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-55) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine [Ecosia](./Ecosia) is launched. [[55]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-55) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| December | 7 | New web search engine | The search engine [Ecosia](./Ecosia) is launched. [[55]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-TWE-55) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Pipilika",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | [Pipilika](./Pipilika), first Bangla search engine, launched. [[85]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-85) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | [Pipilika](./Pipilika), first Bangla search engine, launched. [[85]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-85) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | [Pipilika](./Pipilika), first Bangla search engine, launched. [[85]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-85) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine [Qwant](./Qwant) launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2013 | April | 13 | New web search engine | [Pipilika](./Pipilika), first Bangla search engine, launched. [[85]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-85) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| July | 4 | New web search engine | French search engine [Qwant](./Qwant) launched and operated from Paris. It claims that it does not employ user tracking or personalize search results in order to avoid trapping users in a filter bubble. The search engine is available in 26 languages. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | [Searx](./Searx), a free and open-source [metasearch engine](./Metasearch_engine), is launched. [[88]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-88) Searx puts an [emphasis on privacy](./Digital_privacy). [[89]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-89) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | [Searx](./Searx), a free and open-source [metasearch engine](./Metasearch_engine), is launched. [[88]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-88) Searx puts an [emphasis on privacy](./Digital_privacy). [[89]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-89) |"
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2014 | January | 22 | New web search engine | [Searx](./Searx), a free and open-source [metasearch engine](./Metasearch_engine), is launched. [[88]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-88) Searx puts an [emphasis on privacy](./Digital_privacy). [[89]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-89) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
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      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the [Brave web browser](./Brave_(web_browser)), launches their own search engine, called [Brave Search](./Brave_Search). [[92]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-92) [[93]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-93) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the [Brave web browser](./Brave_(web_browser)), launches their own search engine, called [Brave Search](./Brave_Search). [[92]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-92) [[93]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-93) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2021 | June | 21 | New web search engine | Brave Software, Inc., the developer of the [Brave web browser](./Brave_(web_browser)), launches their own search engine, called [Brave Search](./Brave_Search). [[92]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-92) [[93]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-93) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchGPT",
     "launch_year": "2024",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "New web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | [OpenAI](./OpenAI) launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. [[94]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-94) |"
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      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | [OpenAI](./OpenAI) launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. [[94]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-94) |"
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      "This page provides a full **timeline of web search engines**, starting from the [WHOis](./WHOIS) in 1982, the Archie search engine in 1990, and subsequent developments in the field.",
      "Timeline",
      "| Year | Month | Day | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2024 | July | 26 | New web search engine | [OpenAI](./OpenAI) launches SearchGPT, a prototype search engine that combines traditional search engine features with generative AI capabilities. SearchGPT's architecture is built on the principles of transformer models, which use self- attention mechanisms to process and generate text. [[94]](./Timeline_of_web_search_engines#cite_note-94) |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://timelines.issarice.com/wiki/Timeline_of_web_search_engines",
   "title": "Timeline of web search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | Pre-web search engine | The Archie search engine , created by Alan Emtage , Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at McGill University in Montreal , goes live.",
      "This page provides a full timeline of web search engines, starting from the Archie search engine in 1990."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1990 | Pre-web search engine | The Archie search engine , created by Alan Emtage , Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at McGill University in Montreal , goes live.",
      "This page provides a full timeline of web search engines, starting from the Archie search engine in 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead ."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead ."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead ."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1991 | Pre-web search engine | The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) leads to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead ."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawling search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | February | Early development | Six Stanford students create Architext, a project seeking to use statistical analysis of word relationships to improve relevancy of searches on the Internet. Architext would later become the search engine Excite .",
      "| 1995 | Late year | Search engine launch | Excite is commercially released as a crawling search engine. [12] [35] [36]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | Late year | Search engine launch | Excite is commercially released as a crawling search engine. [12] [35] [36]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | Late year | Search engine launch | Excite is commercially released as a crawling search engine. [12] [35] [36]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog , written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva , is released to the world."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog , written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva , is released to the world."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | September 2 | First web search engine | W3Catalog , written by Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva , is released to the world."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | Aliweb , a web search engine created by Martijn Koster , is announced."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | Aliweb , a web search engine created by Martijn Koster , is announced."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | October/November | Second web search engine | Aliweb , a web search engine created by Martijn Koster , is announced."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation , created by Jonathon Fletcher , is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation , created by Jonathon Fletcher , is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1993 | December | First web search engine to use a crawler and indexer | JumpStation , created by Jonathon Fletcher , is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | Search engine launch | Stanford University students Jerry Wang and David Filo create Yahoo! in a campus trailer."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | Search engine launch | Stanford University students Jerry Wang and David Filo create Yahoo! in a campus trailer."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | New web search engine | Infoseek is launched."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Altavista",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine supporting natural language queries",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | January | Web search engine supporting natural language queries | Altavista is launched."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "The World-Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | March | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | March | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | March | New web search engine | The World-Wide Web Worm is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington , is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington , is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | April 20 | New web search engine | The WebCrawler search engine, created by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington , is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | Lycos , a web search engine, is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | Lycos , a web search engine, is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1994 | July | New web search engine | Lycos , a web search engine, is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | New web directory | LookSmart is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | New web directory | LookSmart is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1995 | New web directory | LookSmart is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | January\u2013March | Search engine launch | Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin build and test Backrub , a new search engine that ranks sites based on inbound link relevancy and popularity.",
      "Backrub would ultimately become Google ."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | January\u2013March | Search engine launch | Stanford University students Larry Page and Sergey Brin build and test Backrub , a new search engine that ranks sites based on inbound link relevancy and popularity."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | May | New web search engine | Inktomi releases its HotBot search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | A search engine called \" RankDex \" from IDD Information Services, designed by Robin Li , launches, providing a strategy for site-scoring and page-ranking."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | A search engine called \" RankDex \" from IDD Information Services, designed by Robin Li , launches, providing a strategy for site-scoring and page-ranking."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1996 | A search engine called \" RankDex \" from IDD Information Services, designed by Robin Li , launches, providing a strategy for site-scoring and page-ranking."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "natural language-based web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves , a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves , a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | April | New natural language-based web search engine | Ask Jeeves , a natural language web search engine, that aims to rank links by popularity, is released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi ."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi ."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | July\u2013September | New web search portal | MSN launches a search portal called MSN Search, using search results from Inktomi ."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered.",
      "Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered.",
      "Soon, Google Search is available to the public from this domain (around 1998)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 15 | New web search engine | The domain Google.com is registered."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "yandex.ru",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine (non-English)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine yandex.ru and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine yandex.ru and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1997 | September 23 | New web search engine (non-English) | Arkady Volozh and Ilya Segalovich launch their Russian web search engine yandex.ru and publicly present it at the Softool exhibition in Moscow."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Goto.com",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Search engine launch | Goto.com launches with sponsored links and paid search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Search engine launch | Goto.com launches with sponsored links and paid search."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | AlltheWeb , based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology , titled FTP Search , launches."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | AlltheWeb , based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology , titled FTP Search , launches."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 1999 | May | New web search engine | AlltheWeb , based on the Ph.D. thesis of Tor Egge at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology , titled FTP Search , launches."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | Baidu , a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | Baidu , a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2000 | January 1 | New web search portal | Baidu , a Chinese company that would grow to provide many search-related services, launches."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "goes out of business",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display. It is unable to get traction and soon goes out of business."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2005 | October | New web search engine | Overture owner Bill Gross launches the Snap search engine, with many features such as display of search volumes and other information, as well as sophisticated auto-completion and related terms display."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shuts it down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-curated web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia launches Wikia Search , a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia launches Wikia Search , a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia launches Wikia Search , a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2006-2009 | New human-curated web search engine | Wikia launches Wikia Search , a search engine based on human curation, but then shuts it down."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | Cuil , a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | Cuil , a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | Cuil , a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches. [56] It would later shut down on September 17, 2010."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2008 | January 28 | New web search engine | Cuil , a web search engine created by ex-Googlers that uses picture thumbnails to display search results, launches."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2009 | June 3 | Search engine launch | Bing launches, with Microsoft aggressively marketing it as the search engine that would produce noticeably better results than Google ."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2009 | June 3 | Search engine launch | Bing launches, with Microsoft aggressively marketing it as the search engine that would produce noticeably better results than Google ."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | Blekko , a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | Blekko , a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Full timeline Full timeline | Year | Month and date (if available) | Event type | Event |",
      "| 2010 | November 1 | New web search engine | Blekko , a search engine that uses slashtags to allow people to search in more targeted categories, launches."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://piglix.com/piglix/Search_engines",
   "title": "Search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](/piglix/Aliweb) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |",
      "| [Aliweb](/piglix/Aliweb) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](/piglix/Aliweb) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/piglix/JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |",
      "| [JumpStation](/piglix/JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/piglix/JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/piglix/World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/piglix/World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/piglix/World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](/piglix/Go.com) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [Go.com](/piglix/Go.com) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](/piglix/Go.com) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/piglix/Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [Lycos](/piglix/Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/piglix/Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](/piglix/Infoseek) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [Infoseek](/piglix/Infoseek) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](/piglix/Infoseek) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirected to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/piglix/Daum_Communications) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |",
      "| [Daum](/piglix/Daum_Communications) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/piglix/Daum_Communications) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/piglix/Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |",
      "| [Magellan](/piglix/Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/piglix/Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/piglix/Excite) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |",
      "| [Excite](/piglix/Excite) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/piglix/Excite) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/piglix/SAPO_(company)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |",
      "| [SAPO](/piglix/SAPO_(company)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/piglix/SAPO_(company)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as a directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](/piglix/Inktomi_(company)) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [Inktomi](/piglix/Inktomi_(company)) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](/piglix/Inktomi_(company)) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (lycos.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/piglix/HotBot) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [HotBot](/piglix/HotBot) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/piglix/HotBot) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active also as Startpage",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/piglix/Ixquick) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |",
      "| [Ixquick](/piglix/Ixquick) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/piglix/Ixquick) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](/piglix/MSN_Search) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |",
      "| [MSN Search](/piglix/MSN_Search) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](/piglix/MSN_Search) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/piglix/Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |",
      "| [empas](/piglix/Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/piglix/Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, rebranded Yellowee.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/piglix/Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Naver](/piglix/Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/piglix/Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Ask.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/piglix/Teoma) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Teoma](/piglix/Teoma) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/piglix/Teoma) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/piglix/Vivisimo) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/piglix/Vivisimo) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/piglix/Vivisimo) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](/piglix/Exalead) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |",
      "| [Exalead](/piglix/Exalead) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](/piglix/Exalead) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/piglix/Gigablast) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |",
      "| [Gigablast](/piglix/Gigablast) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/piglix/Gigablast) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scroogle",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](/piglix/Scroogle) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |",
      "| [Scroogle](/piglix/Scroogle) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](/piglix/Scroogle) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](/piglix/A9.com) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |",
      "| [A9.com](/piglix/A9.com) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](/piglix/A9.com) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](/piglix/Sogou.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |",
      "| [Sogou](/piglix/Sogou.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](/piglix/Sogou.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/piglix/GoodSearch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/piglix/GoodSearch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/piglix/GoodSearch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](/piglix/SearchMe) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |",
      "| [SearchMe](/piglix/SearchMe) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](/piglix/SearchMe) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](/piglix/Quaero) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |",
      "| [Quaero](/piglix/Quaero) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](/piglix/Quaero) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](/piglix/Search.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |",
      "| [Search.com](/piglix/Search.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](/piglix/Search.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](/piglix/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |",
      "| [ChaCha](/piglix/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](/piglix/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |",
      "| [Ask.com](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Sproose](/piglix/Sproose) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Sproose](/piglix/Sproose) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Sproose](/piglix/Sproose) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](/piglix/Picollator) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [Picollator](/piglix/Picollator) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](/piglix/Picollator) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](/piglix/Viewzi) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [Viewzi](/piglix/Viewzi) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](/piglix/Viewzi) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](/piglix/Boogami) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [Boogami](/piglix/Boogami) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](/piglix/Boogami) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](/piglix/LeapFish) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [LeapFish](/piglix/LeapFish) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](/piglix/LeapFish) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](/piglix/Forestle) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [Forestle](/piglix/Forestle) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](/piglix/Forestle) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/piglix/DuckDuckGo) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/piglix/DuckDuckGo) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/piglix/DuckDuckGo) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](/piglix/Yebol) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| [Yebol](/piglix/Yebol) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](/piglix/Yebol) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive due to a lack of funding",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/piglix/Mugurdy) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/piglix/Mugurdy) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/piglix/Mugurdy) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scout (Goby)",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](/piglix/Goby_Inc.) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](/piglix/Goby_Inc.) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](/piglix/Goby_Inc.) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NATE",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](/piglix/Nate_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |",
      "| [NATE](/piglix/Nate_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](/piglix/Nate_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, sold to IBM",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](/piglix/Cuil) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |",
      "| [Cuil](/piglix/Cuil) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](/piglix/Cuil) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "P2P web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Coc Coc",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "Vietnamese",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": "Kurdish / Sorani",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search engines",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the [Internet](/piglix/Internet) was [Archie](/piglix/Archie_search_engine)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](/piglix/FTP) files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://alchetron.com/Web-search-engine",
   "title": "Web search engine - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia",
   "published_at": "2017-08-18T08:30:48",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "primitive search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003.",
      "For a short time in 1999, MSN Search used results from AltaVista instead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "enterprise-only editions",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "Some have taken down their public search engine, and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Some have taken down their public search engine, and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "\"all text\" crawler-based search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |",
      "Google adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998, from a small search engine company named goto.com.",
      "Around 2000, Google's search engine rose to prominence."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| 1993 W3Catalog 1995 AltaVista 1997 Northern Light | | 1994 WebCrawler 1996 Dogpile 1998 Google |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990.",
      "The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the Internet was Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search program",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search program",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "WWW resource-discovery tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993 by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993 by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "It was thus the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor.",
      "There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page.",
      "The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page.",
      "The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page.",
      "The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page.",
      "The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista.",
      "By 2000, Yahoo! was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine.",
      "Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003.",
      "Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web directory / search function",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages.",
      "There was so much interest that instead Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page.",
      "The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite.",
      "By 2000, Yahoo! was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine.",
      "Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003.",
      "Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on the combined technologies of its acquisitions.",
      "On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which Yahoo! Search would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "goto.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine company",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Google adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998, from a small search engine company named goto.com."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Google adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998, from a small search engine company named goto.com."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mystery Seeker",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "spoof engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "In fact, Google search engine became so popular that spoof engines emerged such as Mystery Seeker."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "In fact, Google search engine became so popular that spoof engines emerged such as Mystery Seeker."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Looksmart",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "In early 1999 the site began to display listings from Looksmart, blended with results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Microsoft's rebranded search engine, Bing, was launched on June 1, 2009.",
      "On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which Yahoo! Search would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology.",
      "Many search engines such as Google and Bing provide customized results based on the user's activity history."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Microsoft's rebranded search engine, Bing, was launched on June 1, 2009."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yandex commands a marketshare of 61.9 percent in Russia, compared to Google's 28.3 percent."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yandex commands a marketshare of 61.9 percent in Russia, compared to Google's 28.3 percent."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "In China, Baidu is the most popular search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "In China, Baidu is the most popular search engine."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": "search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "South Korea's homegrown search portal, Naver, is used for 70 percent of online searches in the country."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "South Korea's homegrown search portal, Naver, is used for 70 percent of online searches in the country."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "South Korea's homegrown search portal, Naver, is used for 70 percent of online searches in the country."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Japan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Japan",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for internet search in Japan and Taiwan, respectively."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for internet search in Japan and Taiwan, respectively."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Taiwan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Taiwan",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for internet search in Japan and Taiwan, respectively."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## East Asia and Russia",
      "Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for internet search in Japan and Taiwan, respectively."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "competing search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking or \"bubbling\" users, such as DuckDuckGo."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking or \"bubbling\" users, such as DuckDuckGo."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ImHalal",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "ImHalal came online in September 2011."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Halalgoogling",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Halalgoogling came online in July 2013."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jewgle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "religion-oriented search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SeekFind.org",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "religion-oriented search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## Christian, Islamic and Jewish search engines",
      "Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewgle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://searchengines.net/directory.html",
   "title": "Directory of Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "The dominant global search engine, built on PageRank and now increasingly organized around AI Overviews and generative summaries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "Microsoft's search engine, now deeply integrated with Copilot AI-generated answers and the default engine for Windows and Edge."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "One of the earliest major web directories, now operating as a search portal largely powered by Bing's index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "China's dominant search engine, operating within China's regulatory framework and holding the largest share of the Chinese search market."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "The best-known privacy-focused search engine, not tracking users or personalizing results based on search history."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "Delivers Google's search results through a privacy-protecting proxy layer, stripping tracking and identifying data before the query reaches Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "Built on an independent index rather than licensing results from Google or Bing, positioned as a privacy-first alternative from the makers of the Brave browser."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A UK-based search engine with its own independent crawler and index, one of the few privacy-focused engines not reliant on another provider's results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A French, EU-based search engine emphasizing user privacy and compliance with European data protection standards."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A Switzerland-based, privacy-focused, family-friendly search engine with strict content filtering by default."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A German metasearch engine, operated by a nonprofit association, that aggregates results from multiple sources without tracking users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "An open-source, self-hostable metasearch engine that aggregates results from other engines without storing user data or search history."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "Russia's dominant search engine, with its own independent index and the largest share of search traffic within Russia and several neighboring markets."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "South Korea's leading search portal, notable for its heavily curated, in-house content ecosystem (Naver Blog, Knowledge iN) alongside standard web search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam.cz",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "The Czech Republic's home-grown search engine, one of the few national engines to retain a leading share against Google in its home market."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A Berlin-based search engine that directs the majority of its ad revenue toward tree-planting projects, built on Bing's underlying index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "An \"answer engine\" built around conversational, cited AI responses rather than a ranked list of links, widely considered the pace-setter for AI-native search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "An AI-powered search and productivity platform combining chat-based answers with customizable, app-like search modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Neeva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A subscription, ad-free search engine combining its own ranking with optional AI-generated summaries, funded entirely by users rather than advertisers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT web search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "OpenAI's built-in web search capability inside ChatGPT, returning synthesized, cited answers rather than a traditional results page."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Scholar",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A vertical search engine indexing academic papers, theses, books, and case law, widely used for scholarly and legal research."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "PubMed",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "The National Library of Medicine's search engine for biomedical and life sciences literature, a primary source for medical research."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WolframAlpha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Directory of Search Engines",
      "A categorized, current list of search engines in active use \u2014 major global players, privacy-focused alternatives, regional and international engines, AI-native search tools, and specialized vertical search engines.",
      "A \"computational knowledge engine\" that computes answers from structured data rather than retrieving documents, geared toward math, science, and factual queries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://en.teknopedia.teknokrat.ac.id/wiki/Search_engine",
   "title": "Ensiklopedia Dunia",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993.[18]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993.[18]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive |",
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive |",
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993[19] by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993[19] by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active |",
      "Also, in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Also, in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The first popular search engine on the Web was Yahoo! Search.[20]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995.[69]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995.[69]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active | | AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active | | AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "History History | Year | Engine | Current status | | 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive | | ALIWEB | Inactive | | JumpStation | Inactive | | WWW Worm | Inactive | | 1994 | WebCrawler | Active | | Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | Lycos | Active | | Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | | 1995 | Yahoo! Search | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory | | Daum | Active | | Search.ch | Active | | Magellan | Inactive | | Excite | Active | | MetaCrawler | Active | | AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In 1996, Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[23][24][25] and received a US patent for the technology.[26]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In 1996, Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking[23][24][25] and received a US patent for the technology.[26]"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Some have taken down their public search engine and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There have been many search engines since the dawn of the Web in the 1990s, but Google Search became the dominant one in the 2000s and has remained so."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirect to Ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": null,
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      "Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995.[69]"
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      "Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995.[69]"
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   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://gatilab.com/search-engines-other-than-google",
   "title": "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives",
   "published_at": "2026-04-14T06:32:56",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 1. DuckDuckGo",
      "DuckDuckGo launched in 2008 and runs about 3 billion searches per month in 2026."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 1. DuckDuckGo",
      "DuckDuckGo launched in 2008 and runs about 3 billion searches per month in 2026."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 2. Brave Search",
      "Launched in 2021, it hit 10 billion annual queries by 2023 and continues to grow."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 2. Brave Search",
      "Launched in 2021, it hit 10 billion annual queries by 2023 and continues to grow."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 3. Startpage",
      "It\u2019s based in the Netherlands under EU privacy law and has been independently audited."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 4. Perplexity",
      "Perplexity launched in 2022 and crossed 500 million monthly queries by late 2024."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 4. Perplexity",
      "Perplexity launched in 2022 and crossed 500 million monthly queries by late 2024."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": "2024",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 5. ChatGPT Search",
      "OpenAI added native web search to ChatGPT in late 2024."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 5. ChatGPT Search",
      "OpenAI added native web search to ChatGPT in late 2024."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 6. You.com",
      "You.com launched in 2020 and pivoted hard into AI search in 2023."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 6. You.com",
      "You.com launched in 2020 and pivoted hard into AI search in 2023."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Arc Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 7. Arc Search (The Browser Company)",
      "The parent company, The Browser Company, has shifted focus to the Dia browser in 2025, but Arc Search remains a serious alternative for iOS users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 8. Yandex (Russia and Russian-speaking markets)",
      "Yandex holds about 62 percent of Russian search market share in 2026."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 9. Baidu (China)",
      "Baidu holds roughly 55 to 60 percent of Chinese search in 2026, down from 75 percent in 2020, as Sogou, Shenma, and Bing have taken share."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "Naver holds about 33 percent of South Korean search (Google holds 60 percent as of 2026, reversing a decade-old trend)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 11. Seznam (Czech Republic)",
      "Seznam holds about 12 to 15 percent of Czech search as of 2026."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 12. Ecosia",
      "As of 2026, Ecosia has financed over 220 million trees planted across 35 countries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 13. Kagi",
      "It charges $10/month for 1,000 searches or $25/month unlimited."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 14. Mojeek",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based search engine with its own crawler and index (no reliance on Bing or Google)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### 15. Bing (Microsoft)",
      "Bing holds roughly 6 to 8 percent of global market share and 10 to 13 percent in the US."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### Honorable mentions",
      "**Swisscows** is a family-safe, Switzerland-based search engine using its own crawler for some content and Bing for the rest."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### Honorable mentions",
      "**Qwant** is a French-based privacy search engine that has struggled with profitability but remains popular in France."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "This is a decisive rundown of 15 search engines other than Google, grouped by what they actually do well.",
      "### Honorable mentions",
      "**Presearch** is a decentralized, crypto-incentivized search project."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "StatCounter\u2019s 2026 market share data shows the following distribution globally:",
      "- Yahoo (Bing-powered): 1.2%"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "Baidu holds roughly 55 to 60 percent of Chinese search in 2026, down from 75 percent in 2020, as Sogou, Shenma, and Bing have taken share."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Shenma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      "Baidu holds roughly 55 to 60 percent of Chinese search in 2026, down from 75 percent in 2020, as Sogou, Shenma, and Bing have taken share."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "360 Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines Other Than Google: 15 Alternatives Worth Using",
      " What search engine should I use in China?",
      "Sogou, Shenma, and 360 Search cover most of the remainder."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://handwiki.org/wiki/Web_search",
   "title": "Search engine - HandWiki",
   "published_at": "2026-05-23T00:49:14",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | W3Catalog | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ALIWEB](/wiki/Software:ALIWEB) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ALIWEB](/wiki/Software:ALIWEB) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/wiki/Biography:JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/wiki/Biography:JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/wiki/Software:World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/wiki/Software:World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/Software:WebCrawler) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/Software:WebCrawler) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/wiki/Software:WebCrawler) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Go.com | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/wiki/Software:Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/wiki/Software:Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Infoseek | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Software:Yahoo!_Search) | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Software:Yahoo!_Search) | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Software:Yahoo!_Search) | Active, initially a search function for Yahoo! Directory |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/wiki/Software:Daum_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/wiki/Software:Daum_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.ch](/wiki/Software:Search.ch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.ch](/wiki/Software:Search.ch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/wiki/Software:Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/wiki/Software:Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/wiki/Company:Excite_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/wiki/Company:Excite_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MetaCrawler](/wiki/Software:MetaCrawler) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MetaCrawler](/wiki/Software:MetaCrawler) | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| AltaVista | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/wiki/Company:SAPO) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/wiki/Company:SAPO) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "RankDex",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, incorporated into Baidu in 2000",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) in 2000 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) in 2000 |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | RankDex | Inactive, incorporated into [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) in 2000 |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
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     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Dogpile](/wiki/Software:Dogpile) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Dogpile](/wiki/Software:Dogpile) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (used Inktomi search technology)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/wiki/Software:HotBot) | Inactive (used [Inktomi](/wiki/Company:Inktomi) search technology) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/wiki/Software:HotBot) | Inactive (used [Inktomi](/wiki/Company:Inktomi) search technology) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/wiki/Software:Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/wiki/Software:Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL NetFind",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | AOL NetFind | Active (rebranded AOL Search since 1999) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "goo.ne.jp",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| goo.ne.jp | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
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     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Northern Light](/wiki/Company:Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Northern Light](/wiki/Company:Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/wiki/Company:Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/wiki/Company:Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/wiki/Software:Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/wiki/Software:Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/wiki/Software:Google_Search) | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Startpage.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/wiki/Software:Ixquick) | Active as Startpage.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/wiki/Software:Ixquick) | Active as Startpage.com | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
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     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| MSN Search | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/wiki/Software:Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/wiki/Software:Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/wiki/Company:GenieKnows) | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/wiki/Company:GenieKnows) | Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/wiki/Software:Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/wiki/Software:Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirect to Ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/wiki/Software:Teoma) | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/wiki/Software:Teoma) | Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/wiki/Software:Gigablast) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/wiki/Software:Gigablast) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | Kartoo | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/wiki/Software:Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/wiki/Software:Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/wiki/Software:Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [A9.com](/wiki/Company:A9.com) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [A9.com](/wiki/Company:A9.com) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [A9.com](/wiki/Company:A9.com) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Clusty",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Clusty](/wiki/Software:Yippy) | Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Clusty](/wiki/Software:Yippy) | Active, Yippy, previously Clusty, now owns Togoda.com | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mojeek](/wiki/Software:Mojeek) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mojeek](/wiki/Software:Mojeek) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sogou | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| Sogou | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | SearchMe | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "KidzSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active, Google Search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [KidzSearch](/wiki/Software:KidzSearch) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [KidzSearch](/wiki/Software:KidzSearch) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, merged with Sogou",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/wiki/Software:Soso_(search_engine)) | Inactive, merged with [Sogou](/wiki/Company:Sogou) |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
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      "| [Yebol](/wiki/Company:Yebol) | Inactive | |"
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      "| [Parsijoo](/wiki/Software:Parsijoo) | Active | |"
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      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/wiki/Software:Qwant) | Active |"
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      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/wiki/Software:Qwant) | Active |"
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      "| 2014 | [Egerin](/wiki/Software:Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |"
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      "| 2014 | [Egerin](/wiki/Software:Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani |"
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      "| [Swisscows](/wiki/Software:Swisscows) | Active | |"
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      "| [Swisscows](/wiki/Software:Swisscows) | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Searx](/wiki/Software:Searx) | Active | |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Searx](/wiki/Software:Searx) | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Yooz",
     "launch_year": "2015",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
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      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | [Yooz](/wiki/Software:Yooz) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | [Yooz](/wiki/Software:Yooz) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2015 | [Yooz](/wiki/Software:Yooz) | Inactive |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Cliqz",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cliqz](/wiki/Software:Cliqz) | Inactive | |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cliqz](/wiki/Software:Cliqz) | Inactive | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
     "launch_year": "2016",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | [Kiddle](/wiki/Software:Kiddle_(search_engine)) | Active, Google Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | [Kiddle](/wiki/Software:Kiddle_(search_engine)) | Active, Google Search |"
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2016 | [Kiddle](/wiki/Software:Kiddle_(search_engine)) | Active, Google Search |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": "2017",
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2017 | Presearch | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": "2018",
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2018 | Kagi | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | [Petal](/wiki/Software:Petal_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | [Petal](/wiki/Software:Petal_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2020 | [Petal](/wiki/Software:Petal_Search) | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | [Brave Search](/wiki/Software:Brave_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | [Brave Search](/wiki/Software:Brave_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2021 | [Brave Search](/wiki/Software:Brave_Search) | Active |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [You.com](/wiki/Software:You.com) | Active | |"
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [You.com](/wiki/Software:You.com) | Active | |"
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | [Perplexity](/wiki/Software:Perplexity_AI) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | [Perplexity](/wiki/Software:Perplexity_AI) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Search engine",
      "## History",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2022 | [Perplexity](/wiki/Software:Perplexity_AI) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://piglix.com/piglix/Web_search_engine",
   "title": "Web search engine",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1993 | [W3Catalog](/piglix/W3Catalog) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](/piglix/Aliweb) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Aliweb](/piglix/Aliweb) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/piglix/JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [JumpStation](/piglix/JumpStation) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/piglix/World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [WWW Worm](/piglix/World-Wide_Web_Worm) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1994 | [WebCrawler](/piglix/WebCrawler) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Go.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Disney",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](/piglix/Go.com) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Go.com](/piglix/Go.com) | Inactive, redirects to Disney | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/piglix/Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Lycos](/piglix/Lycos) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](/piglix/Infoseek) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Infoseek](/piglix/Infoseek) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirected to Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1995 | [AltaVista](/piglix/AltaVista) | Inactive, redirected to Yahoo! |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/piglix/Daum_Communications) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Daum](/piglix/Daum_Communications) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/piglix/Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Magellan](/piglix/Magellan_(search_engine)) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/piglix/Excite) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Excite](/piglix/Excite) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/piglix/SAPO_(company)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SAPO](/piglix/SAPO_(company)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as a directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yahoo!](/piglix/Yahoo!) | Active, Launched as a directory | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1996 | [Dogpile](/piglix/Dogpile) | Active, Aggregator |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, acquired by Yahoo!",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](/piglix/Inktomi_(company)) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Inktomi](/piglix/Inktomi_(company)) | Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (lycos.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/piglix/HotBot) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [HotBot](/piglix/HotBot) | Active (lycos.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active (rebranded ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask Jeeves](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active (rebranded ask.com) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1997 | [Northern Light](/piglix/Northern_Light_Group) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1998 | [Google](/piglix/Google_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active also as Startpage",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/piglix/Ixquick) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ixquick](/piglix/Ixquick) | Active also as Startpage | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](/piglix/MSN_Search) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [MSN Search](/piglix/MSN_Search) | Active as Bing | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "empas",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (merged with NATE)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/piglix/Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [empas](/piglix/Empas) | Inactive (merged with NATE) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 1999 | [AlltheWeb](/piglix/AlltheWeb) | Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "rebranded Yellowee.com",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GenieKnows](/piglix/GenieKnows) | Active, rebranded Yellowee.com | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/piglix/Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Naver](/piglix/Naver) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, redirects to Ask.com",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/piglix/Teoma) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Teoma](/piglix/Teoma) | Inactive, redirects to Ask.com | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/piglix/Vivisimo) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Vivisimo](/piglix/Vivisimo) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2000 | [Baidu](/piglix/Baidu) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](/piglix/Exalead) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Exalead](/piglix/Exalead) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/piglix/Gigablast) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Gigablast](/piglix/Gigablast) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kartoo",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2001 | [Kartoo](/piglix/Kartoo) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2003 | [Info.com](/piglix/Info.com) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scroogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](/piglix/Scroogle) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scroogle](/piglix/Scroogle) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2004 | [Yahoo! Search](/piglix/Yahoo!_Search) | Active, Launched own web search (see Yahoo! Directory, 1995) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](/piglix/A9.com) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [A9.com](/piglix/A9.com) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](/piglix/Sogou.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sogou](/piglix/Sogou.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2005 | [AOL Search](/piglix/AOL_Search) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/piglix/GoodSearch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [GoodSearch](/piglix/GoodSearch) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](/piglix/SearchMe) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [SearchMe](/piglix/SearchMe) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Soso",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2006 | [Soso](/piglix/Soso_(search_engine)) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](/piglix/Quaero) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Quaero](/piglix/Quaero) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](/piglix/Search.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Search.com](/piglix/Search.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](/piglix/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [ChaCha](/piglix/ChaCha_(search_engine)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Ask.com](/piglix/Ask.com) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active as Bing",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as rebranded MSN Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Live Search](/piglix/Live_Search) | Active as Bing, Launched as rebranded MSN Search | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |",
      "| [Sproose](/piglix/Sproose) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2007 | | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Sproose](/piglix/Sproose) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Blackle.com](/piglix/Blackle.com) | Active, Google Search | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2008 | [Powerset](/piglix/Powerset_(company)) | Inactive (redirects to Bing) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](/piglix/Picollator) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Picollator](/piglix/Picollator) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](/piglix/Viewzi) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Viewzi](/piglix/Viewzi) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](/piglix/Boogami) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Boogami](/piglix/Boogami) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](/piglix/LeapFish) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [LeapFish](/piglix/LeapFish) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive (redirects to Ecosia)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](/piglix/Forestle) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Forestle](/piglix/Forestle) | Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/piglix/DuckDuckGo) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/piglix/DuckDuckGo) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Launched as rebranded Live Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2009 | [Bing](/piglix/Bing_(search_engine)) | Active, Launched as rebranded Live Search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](/piglix/Yebol) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yebol](/piglix/Yebol) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mugurdy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive due to a lack of funding",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/piglix/Mugurdy) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Mugurdy](/piglix/Mugurdy) | Inactive due to a lack of funding | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scout (Goby)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](/piglix/Goby_Inc.) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Scout (Goby)](/piglix/Goby_Inc.) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NATE",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](/piglix/Nate_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [NATE](/piglix/Nate_(web_portal)) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blekko",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive, sold to IBM",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2010 | [Blekko](/piglix/Blekko) | Inactive, sold to IBM |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](/piglix/Cuil) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Cuil](/piglix/Cuil) | Inactive | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex (English)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Yandex](/piglix/Yandex) (English) | Active | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2011",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "[P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2011 | [YaCy](/piglix/YaCy) | Active, [P2P](/piglix/Peer-to-peer) web search engine |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Volunia",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2012 | [Volunia](/piglix/Volunia) | Inactive |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| 2013 | [Qwant](/piglix/Qwant) | Active |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Coc Coc",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Vietnamese search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Coc Coc](/piglix/Coc_Coc) | Active, Vietnamese search engine | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Kurdish / Sorani search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "| Timeline ([full list](/piglix/List_of_search_engines)) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Current status |",
      "| [Egerin](/piglix/Egerin) | Active, Kurdish / Sorani search engine | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](/piglix/FTP) files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990.",
      "The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the [Internet](/piglix/Internet) was [Archie](/piglix/Archie_search_engine)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely [FTP](/piglix/FTP) files was Archie, which debuted on 10 September 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://news.linxi.com.au/news/ars-technica-retrospective-recalls-chaotic-fragmented-era-of-pre-google-web-search",
   "title": "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
   "published_at": "2026-08-07T12:11:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-edited directories",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "The piece details how early internet users relied on human-edited directories like Yahoo, distributed discussion networks such as Usenet, and niche webrings to discover content."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "The piece details how early internet users relied on human-edited directories like Yahoo, distributed discussion networks such as Usenet, and niche webrings to discover content."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights the limitations of early automated engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves, noting their struggles with relevance, manipulation, and scalability."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "content portals",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights the limitations of early automated engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves, noting their struggles with relevance, manipulation, and scalability."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights early search engine strategies: AltaVista focused on speed and scale; Lycos and Excite operated as content portals; HotBot utilised Inktomi\u2019s backend; and Ask Jeeves attempted natural language processing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "content portals",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights the limitations of early automated engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves, noting their struggles with relevance, manipulation, and scalability."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights early search engine strategies: AltaVista focused on speed and scale; Lycos and Excite operated as content portals; HotBot utilised Inktomi\u2019s backend; and Ask Jeeves attempted natural language processing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights the limitations of early automated engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves, noting their struggles with relevance, manipulation, and scalability."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "natural language processing",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights the limitations of early automated engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves, noting their struggles with relevance, manipulation, and scalability."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Ars Technica retrospective recalls chaotic, fragmented era of pre-Google web search",
      "It highlights early search engine strategies: AltaVista focused on speed and scale; Lycos and Excite operated as content portals; HotBot utilised Inktomi\u2019s backend; and Ask Jeeves attempted natural language processing."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://kiwix.enszfarms.org/content/wikipedia_en_all_maxi_2025-08/Comparison_of_search_engines",
   "title": "Comparison of search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Ahmia",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ahmia](Ahmia) | Juha Nurmi | Juha Nurmi | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ahmia](Ahmia) | Juha Nurmi | Juha Nurmi | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [AOL](AOL) | [William von Meister](William_von_Meister) | | 1999 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [AOL](AOL) | [William von Meister](William_von_Meister) | | 1999 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com) | Garrett Gruener And David Warthen | [IAC](IAC_(company)) | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ask.com](Ask.com) | Garrett Gruener And David Warthen | [IAC](IAC_(company)) | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Baidu](Baidu) | Robin Li Yanhong | [Baidu, Inc](Baidu) | 2000 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Baidu](Baidu) | Robin Li Yanhong | [Baidu, Inc](Baidu) | 2000 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Brave Search](Brave_Search) | Brendan Eich and Brian Bondy | Brave Software, Inc. | 2021 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Brave Search](Brave_Search) | Brendan Eich and Brian Bondy | Brave Software, Inc. | 2021 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo) | Gabriel Weinberg | Duck Duck Go, Inc. | 2008 | Mixed | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](DuckDuckGo) | Gabriel Weinberg | Duck Duck Go, Inc. | 2008 | Mixed | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ecosia](Ecosia) | Christian Kroll | | 2009 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Ecosia](Ecosia) | Christian Kroll | | 2009 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead) | Fran\u00e7ois Bourdoncle and Patrice Bertin | [Exalead](Exalead) | 2000 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | No |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Exalead](Exalead) | Fran\u00e7ois Bourdoncle and Patrice Bertin | [Exalead](Exalead) | 2000 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | No |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Fireball",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Fireball](Fireball_(search_engine)) | Oli Kai Paulus, Helmut Hoffer von Ankershoffen, Nurhan Yildirim, and Benhui Chen[1] | Fireball Labs GmbH | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Fireball](Fireball_(search_engine)) | Oli Kai Paulus, Helmut Hoffer von Ankershoffen, Nurhan Yildirim, and Benhui Chen[1] | Fireball Labs GmbH | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast) | Matt Wells | Independent | 2000 | Free | >1 billion[2] | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Gigablast](Gigablast) | Matt Wells | Independent | 2000 | Free | >1 billion[2] | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Google Search](Google_Search) | [Larry Page](Larry_Page), [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) & [Scott Hassan](Scott_Hassan) | [Alphabet Inc.](Alphabet_Inc.) | 1997 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | hundreds of billions[3] | 9.022 billion[4] | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Google Search](Google_Search) | [Larry Page](Larry_Page), [Sergey Brin](Sergey_Brin) & [Scott Hassan](Scott_Hassan) | [Alphabet Inc.](Alphabet_Inc.) | 1997 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | hundreds of billions[3] | 9.022 billion[4] | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kiddle",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Kiddle](Kiddle_(search_engine)) | | | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Kiddle](Kiddle_(search_engine)) | | | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "KidRex",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [KidRex](KidRex) | | | 2008 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [KidRex](KidRex) | | | 2008 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "KidzSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [KidzSearch](KidzSearch) | Dale Bock | | 2005 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [KidzSearch](KidzSearch) | Dale Bock | | 2005 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos) | Michael Loren Mauldin | | 1995 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Lycos](Lycos) | Michael Loren Mauldin | | 1995 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": "1998/2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Microsoft Bing](Microsoft_Bing) | | [Microsoft](Microsoft) | 1998/2009 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Microsoft Bing](Microsoft_Bing) | | [Microsoft](Microsoft) | 1998/2009 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Million Short",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Million Short](Million_Short) | | | 2012 | | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Million Short](Million_Short) | | | 2012 | | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Mojeek](Mojeek) | Marc Smith | [Mojeek](Mojeek) | 2004 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | 5 billion[5] | Unknown | Yes | Yes[6] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Mojeek](Mojeek) | Marc Smith | [Mojeek](Mojeek) | 2004 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | 5 billion[5] | Unknown | Yes | Yes[6] |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Naver](Naver) | Kim Sang-Hun | Naver Corp. | 1999 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Naver](Naver) | Kim Sang-Hun | Naver Corp. | 1999 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Parsijoo",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Parsijoo](Parsijoo) | | | 2010 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Parsijoo](Parsijoo) | | | 2010 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Petal](Petal_Search) | | [Huawei](Huawei) | 2020 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Petal](Petal_Search) | | [Huawei](Huawei) | 2020 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Qwant](Qwant) | \u00c9ric L\u00e9andri | [Qwant](Qwant) | 2013 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | 20 billion[7] | 10 million | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Qwant](Qwant) | \u00c9ric L\u00e9andri | [Qwant](Qwant) | 2013 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | 20 billion[7] | 10 million | No | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam.cz",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Seznam.cz](Seznam.cz) | Ivo Luka\u010dovi\u010d | | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Seznam.cz](Seznam.cz) | Ivo Luka\u010dovi\u010d | | 1996 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou) | | [Tencent](Tencent) | 2010 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Sogou](Sogou) | | [Tencent](Tencent) | 2010 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Swisscows](Swisscows) | Andreas Wiebe | Swisscows | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Swisscows](Swisscows) | Andreas Wiebe | Swisscows | 2014 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | Unknown | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [WebCrawler](WebCrawler) | Brian Pinkerton | | 1994 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [WebCrawler](WebCrawler) | Brian Pinkerton | | 1994 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search) | Jerry Yang & David Filo | [Yahoo!](Yahoo!) | 1995 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Yahoo! Search](Yahoo!_Search) | Jerry Yang & David Filo | [Yahoo!](Yahoo!) | 1995 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex Search",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Yandex Search](Yandex_Search) | Arkady Volozh | [Yandex](Yandex) | 1997 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | >2 billion[8] | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Yandex Search](Yandex_Search) | Arkady Volozh | [Yandex](Yandex) | 1997 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | >2 billion[8] | Unknown | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Youdao",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Youdao](Youdao) | Feng Zhou | | 2007 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Search crawlers",
      "Current search engines with independent [crawlers](Web_crawler), as of December 2018.",
      "| Search engine | Founder(s) | Company | Launched | Software distribution license | Pages indexed | Daily direct queries | Results count | Advertisements |",
      "| [Youdao](Youdao) | Feng Zhou | | 2007 | [Proprietary](Proprietary_software) | | | | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Comparison of search engines",
      "## Digital rights",
      "| Search engine | Server's location(s) | Dedicated servers | Data center | Cloud computing | [HTTPS](HTTPS) available | [Tor](Tor_(network)) gateway available | [Proxy gateway](Proxy_server) search links available |",
      "| [Blackle](Blackle) | | | | | No | No | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://webhistorian.co.uk/tag/ask-jeeves-uk",
   "title": "ask jeeves uk - Web Historian",
   "published_at": "2026-06-18T07:22:39",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "hand-curated directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Yahoo, launched in 1994 by Jerry Yang and David Filo at Stanford, began as a hand-curated directory."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Yahoo, launched in 1994 by Jerry Yang and David Filo at Stanford, began as a hand-curated directory."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Yahoo, launched in 1994 by Jerry Yang and David Filo at Stanford, began as a hand-curated directory."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DMOZ",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "archived and shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "The Open Directory Project, later known as DMOZ, carried this model further into the late 1990s."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "DMOZ was eventually archived and shut down in 2017, leaving behind a kind of digital museum piece."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Lycos, which launched out of Carnegie Mellon University in 1994, was among the first to index a genuinely large portion of the web automatically."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Lycos, which launched out of Carnegie Mellon University in 1994, was among the first to index a genuinely large portion of the web automatically."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "AltaVista, launched by Digital Equipment Corporation in December 1995, was a different kind of animal entirely."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "AltaVista, launched by Digital Equipment Corporation in December 1995, was a different kind of animal entirely."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "AltaVista was acquired by Yahoo in 2003 and shut down entirely in 2013, its index preserved nowhere in particular."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Excite, HotBot, and Infoseek occupied similar ground, each with slightly different strengths."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Excite, HotBot, and Infoseek occupied similar ground, each with slightly different strengths."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Excite, HotBot, and Infoseek occupied similar ground, each with slightly different strengths."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Launched in 1996, it was built around a simple and rather charming premise: that people would prefer to type a natural-language question rather than a clipped keyword string."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Launched in 1996, it was built around a simple and rather charming premise: that people would prefer to type a natural-language question rather than a clipped keyword string."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Sergey Brin and Larry Page began developing what would become Google at Stanford in 1996."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Sergey Brin and Larry Page began developing what would become Google at Stanford in 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Archie, created in 1990 at McGill University in Canada, is generally considered the first search engine, though it indexed FTP files rather than web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Archie, created in 1990 at McGill University in Canada, is generally considered the first search engine, though it indexed FTP files rather than web pages."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "Archie, created in 1990 at McGill University in Canada, is generally considered the first search engine, though it indexed FTP files rather than web pages."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Tag: ask jeeves uk",
      "The first tools to crawl and index the World Wide Web as we know it appeared around 1993 and 1994, with Lycos and WebCrawler among the earliest examples."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://searchengines.net/archie",
   "title": "Archie",
   "published_at": "2026-08-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "No longer available",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first internet search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Archie** \u2014 10 September 1990. First internet search engine. Indexed FTP *filenames*, not content."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Archie** \u2014 10 September 1990. First internet search engine. Indexed FTP *filenames*, not content."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "# Archie",
      "No longer available"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Archie** \u2014 10 September 1990. First internet search engine. Indexed FTP *filenames*, not content."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica and Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": "1993",
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "searched Gopher menu titles",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Veronica and Jughead** \u2014 1991 to 1993. The same idea applied to Gopher: they searched Gopher *menu titles*, not content."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Veronica and Jughead** \u2014 1991 to 1993. The same idea applied to Gopher: they searched Gopher *menu titles*, not content."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Veronica and Jughead** \u2014 1991 to 1993. The same idea applied to Gopher: they searched Gopher *menu titles*, not content."
     ],
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **Veronica and Jughead** \u2014 1991 to 1993. The same idea applied to Gopher: they searched Gopher *menu titles*, not content."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first known web robot",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **World Wide Web Wanderer** (Matthew Gray, MIT) \u2014 June 1993. The first known web robot, which built an index called Wandex. Gray's stated purpose was measuring the growth of the web, and he does not claim it was a search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **World Wide Web Wanderer** (Matthew Gray, MIT) \u2014 June 1993. The first known web robot, which built an index called Wandex. Gray's stated purpose was measuring the growth of the web, and he does not claim it was a search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **World Wide Web Wanderer** (Matthew Gray, MIT) \u2014 June 1993. The first known web robot, which built an index called Wandex. Gray's stated purpose was measuring the growth of the web, and he does not claim it was a search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "world's first web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **W3Catalog** (Oscar Nierstrasz, University of Geneva) \u2014 2 September 1993. Wikipedia's [timeline](/guides/timeline-of-search-engines/) calls it \u201cthe world's first web search engine\u201d. It worked by mirroring and reformatting existing hand-maintained link lists: searchable, but not a crawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **W3Catalog** (Oscar Nierstrasz, University of Geneva) \u2014 2 September 1993. Wikipedia's [timeline](/guides/timeline-of-search-engines/) calls it \u201cthe world's first web search engine\u201d. It worked by mirroring and reformatting existing hand-maintained link lists: searchable, but not a crawl."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **W3Catalog** (Oscar Nierstrasz, University of Geneva) \u2014 2 September 1993. Wikipedia's [timeline](/guides/timeline-of-search-engines/) calls it \u201cthe world's first web search engine\u201d. It worked by mirroring and reformatting existing hand-maintained link lists: searchable, but not a crawl."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **ALIWEB** (Martijn Koster) \u2014 announced November 1993, launched May 1994. Often called the first web search engine. It was built from index files submitted by site owners; there was no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **ALIWEB** (Martijn Koster) \u2014 announced November 1993, launched May 1994. Often called the first web search engine. It was built from index files submitted by site owners; there was no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **ALIWEB** (Martijn Koster) \u2014 announced November 1993, launched May 1994. Often called the first web search engine. It was built from index files submitted by site owners; there was no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first web resource-discovery tool to combine all three essential features",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **JumpStation** (Jonathon Fletcher, University of Stirling) \u2014 12 December 1993. The first web resource-discovery tool to combine all three essential features \u2014 [crawling](/guides/how-crawling-works/), indexing and searching \u2014 and, per Wikipedia, the first that behaved and appeared to the user the way current search engines do. It indexed titles and headings rather than full text, and had no ranking."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **JumpStation** (Jonathon Fletcher, University of Stirling) \u2014 12 December 1993. The first web resource-discovery tool to combine all three essential features \u2014 [crawling](/guides/how-crawling-works/), indexing and searching \u2014 and, per Wikipedia, the first that behaved and appeared to the user the way current search engines do. It indexed titles and headings rather than full text, and had no ranking."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **JumpStation** (Jonathon Fletcher, University of Stirling) \u2014 12 December 1993. The first web resource-discovery tool to combine all three essential features \u2014 [crawling](/guides/how-crawling-works/), indexing and searching \u2014 and, per Wikipedia, the first that behaved and appeared to the user the way current search engines do. It indexed titles and headings rather than full text, and had no ranking."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first web search engine to provide full-text search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **[WebCrawler](/webcrawler/)** (Brian Pinkerton, University of Washington) \u2014 20/21 April 1994. The first web search engine to provide **full-text** search: the first that indexed the words inside pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **[WebCrawler](/webcrawler/)** (Brian Pinkerton, University of Washington) \u2014 20/21 April 1994. The first web search engine to provide **full-text** search: the first that indexed the words inside pages."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search engines you can no longer use",
      "The claimants, with what each one actually claims:",
      "- **[WebCrawler](/webcrawler/)** (Brian Pinkerton, University of Washington) \u2014 20/21 April 1994. The first web search engine to provide **full-text** search: the first that indexed the words inside pages."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://thunderbit.com/blog/best-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Top 5 Best AI Search Engines You Should Know in 2026 | Thunderbit",
   "published_at": "2026-08-06T18:22:14",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Neeva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Earlier products like Neeva were important to the category, but they are no longer live consumer picks, so they do not belong on a current buyer guide.",
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "**5. Why is Neeva not on this refreshed list?**",
      "Neeva mattered to the rise of AI search, but its consumer product shut down in 2023, so it would be misleading to rank it as a live option in a 2026 shortlist."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Earlier products like Neeva were important to the category, but they are no longer live consumer picks, so they do not belong on a current buyer guide.",
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "**5. Why is Neeva not on this refreshed list?**",
      "Neeva mattered to the rise of AI search, but its consumer product shut down in 2023, so it would be misleading to rank it as a live option in a 2026 shortlist."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "conversational assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Replacing classic search with a conversational assistant | ChatGPT | Best at follow-up questions, synthesis, and iterative exploration |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Replacing classic search with a conversational assistant | ChatGPT | Best at follow-up questions, synthesis, and iterative exploration |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "research that needs visible citations and source checking",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Research that needs visible citations and source checking | Perplexity | Strongest balance of direct answers plus source transparency |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Research that needs visible citations and source checking | Perplexity | Strongest balance of direct answers plus source transparency |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private searching without surveillance-heavy defaults",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Private searching without surveillance-heavy defaults | Brave Search | Independent index, privacy-first design, and AI answers without a Google dependency |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Private searching without surveillance-heavy defaults | Brave Search | Independent index, privacy-first design, and AI answers without a Google dependency |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "cleaner, ad-free search workflow",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Paying for a cleaner, ad-free search workflow | Kagi | Premium experience built around search quality, no ads, and user control |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Paying for a cleaner, ad-free search workflow | Kagi | Premium experience built around search quality, no ads, and user control |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "customizing results, agents, and workflow integrations",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Customizing results, agents, and workflow integrations | You.com | Flexible search modes and a more configurable AI workspace |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Quick Picks by Need",
      "| Customizing results, agents, and workflow integrations | You.com | Flexible search modes and a more configurable AI workspace |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://nordvpn.com/blog/private-search-engines",
   "title": "Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
   "published_at": "2026-03-30T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 1. DuckDuckGo"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "DuckDuckGo is one of the most popular private search engines on the market, with over 100 million daily searches on average."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused search engine and web browser",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 2. Brave Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Brave is a privacy-focused search engine and web browser."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "US",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 3. Startpage"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "It is based in the Netherlands and is owned by System1, a US-based holding company."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Startpage is a popular private search engine that markets itself as an alternative to Google."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 4. Qwant"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Qwant is a French search engine with many helpful privacy features."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Qwant is a French search engine with many helpful privacy features."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Switzerland",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 5. Swisscows"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "As the name implies, Swisscows is a Switzerland-based search engine with a focus on privacy and safety."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "As the name implies, Swisscows is a Switzerland-based search engine with a focus on privacy and safety."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 6. Searx/SearXNG",
      "SearXNG is a secure, open-source search aggregator."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "SearXNG is a secure, open-source search aggregator."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "UK",
     "type": "platform",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 7. Mojeek"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based platform that is one of the best search engines for privacy."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based platform that is one of the best search engines for privacy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 8. MetaGer"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "MetaGer is a privacy-focused open-source metasearch engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 9. Gibiru"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Gibiru is a private search engine that focuses on providing completely uncensored results."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "## 10. Ecosia"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "Ecosia is an eco-friendly and ethical search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Disconnect Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "### Disconnect Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ghostery Private Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "### Ghostery Private Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 best private search engines in 2026",
      "### YaCy"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://therankmasters.com/insights/ai-visibility/best-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines in 2026 (Full Comparison)",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best overall for everyday AI search: **Perplexity**",
      "### 1. Perplexity AI"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for developer & technical queries: **Phind**",
      "### 8. Phind"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for AI-power users who want apps & tools: **You.com**",
      "### 6. You.com"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for niche, thoughtful answers (paid): **Kagi**",
      "### 7. Kagi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Komo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best minimalist AI search alternative: **Komo**",
      "### 9. Komo AI"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Consensus",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for scientific & academic research: **Consensus**",
      "### 10. Consensus"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "Traditional search (the \u201c10 blue links\u201d model):"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best if you live in Microsoft\u2019s ecosystem: **Microsoft Copilot (Bing)**",
      "### 4. Microsoft Copilot (Bing / Edge / M365)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for privacy-conscious users: **Brave Search + Leo**",
      "### 5. Brave Search + Leo"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Claude",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for \u201cClaude first\u201d fans: **Claude\u2019s Web Search / Claude-powered search experiences**",
      "### 11. Claude (with Web Search)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "- Best for conversational \u201cGoogle replacement\u201d: **ChatGPT Search**",
      "### 2. ChatGPT (with Search / Advanced Search)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DeepSeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "\u25b6\ufe0f From AI-native tools like Perplexity, Phind, You.com, Kagi, Komo, and Consensus to AI layers inside Google, Microsoft Copilot, Brave, Claude, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek-powered tools, the search landscape has quietly flipped.",
      "Top picks by use case",
      "Based on patterns across multiple 2024\u20132025 comparison guides and hands-on testing reports:",
      "### 12. DeepSeek & Emerging AI Search Models"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Many \u201cbest AI search engines\u201d roundups rank **Perplexity, You.com, Andi, Komo, Phind, and Consensus** among the top AI-native options.",
      "Examples we\u2019ll cover:",
      "### 1. AI-native search engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Key examples:",
      "- **Google AI Mode / AI Overviews** (Gemini-powered)",
      "- **Microsoft Copilot (Bing)**",
      "- **Brave Search + Leo**",
      "- **DuckDuckGo AI answers**",
      "### 2. Traditional search with an AI layer"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elicit",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "- **Academic/scientific search:** Consensus, Elicit, scite (papers & trials)",
      "### 3. Specialized AI search engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "scite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "- **Academic/scientific search:** Consensus, Elicit, scite (papers & trials)",
      "### 3. Specialized AI search engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://webmasterworld.com/forum34/410.htm",
   "title": "What were the first search engines?",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "AltaVista, which means \"a view from above\", was inspired by the creation of big ideas and a fascination with keeping track of information."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Altavista (1995) first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Altavista (1995) first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gopher",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WAIS",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yes the first internet search engine, Archie, Jughead, etc."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AliWeb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Internet Meta-Index",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jumpstation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WorldWideWebWorm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      ".. in which the \"World Wide Web Wanderer\" is called the mother of all search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Excite (1993)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Excite (1993)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first full-text search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Infoseek (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Infoseek (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Metacrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Metacrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Metacrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotbot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Google came much later JOAT, 1998 I believe?"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Google came much later JOAT, 1998 I believe?"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Verity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "I don't know the years they began but I'd say Verity & Desktop Data, if not the first around, close to it...but depends how you define search engine..."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Desktop Data",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "I don't know the years they began but I'd say Verity & Desktop Data, if not the first around, close to it...but depends how you define search engine..."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "pre-www Internet search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Don't forget Veronica ... pre-www Internet search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Don't forget Veronica ... pre-www Internet search."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "merged with Excite at the turn of the millenium",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Where's Magellan? They were around until they merged with Excite at the turn of the millenium."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The McKinley Group was founded in 1993, and Magellan was launched during August 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Where's Magellan? They were around until they merged with Excite at the turn of the millenium."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "A old news.com story also mentions that the directory went live in the summer of 1995."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Text",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "full-text search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Also what about Open Text."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "However, it was an early full-text search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "meta",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yep, SavvySearch was one of the first metas."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "(Danny claims that it has been around since March 1995, although most other source I found listed the launch as May 1995 )"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yep, SavvySearch was one of the first metas."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.commercepundit.com/blog/best-ai-search-engines/",
   "title": "10 Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Full Comparison Guide",
   "published_at": "2026-06-03T07:28:24",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "General search, broad coverage, research, citations, fact-checking",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Google AI Mode | General search, broad coverage, research, citations, fact-checking | Yes | Low (ad ecosystem) | Yes | Free / $19.99/mo |",
      "1. Google AI Mode: The Most Popular AI Search Engine Gets Smarter"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Google AI Mode | General search, broad coverage, research, citations, fact-checking | Yes | Low (ad ecosystem) | Yes | Free / $19.99/mo |",
      "1. Google AI Mode: The Most Popular AI Search Engine Gets Smarter"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Research, citations, fact-checking",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Perplexity AI | Research, citations, fact-checking | Yes (hybrid) | Medium | Yes (5 Pro/day) | $20/mo |",
      "2. Perplexity AI: The Best AI Search Engine for Research and Citations"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Perplexity AI | Research, citations, fact-checking | Yes (hybrid) | Medium | Yes (5 Pro/day) | $20/mo |",
      "2. Perplexity AI: The Best AI Search Engine for Research and Citations"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Conversational research, writing",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational research, writing | Yes | Medium | Yes (limited) | $8/mo (Go) |",
      "3. ChatGPT Search: The New AI Search Engine That Understands Context"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational research, writing | Yes | Medium | Yes (limited) | $8/mo (Go) |",
      "3. ChatGPT Search: The New AI Search Engine That Understands Context"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Microsoft 365 users, productivity",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Microsoft 365 users, productivity | Yes | Medium | Yes | $9.99/mo (M365) |",
      "4. Microsoft Copilot Search: Best AI Search Engine for Microsoft 365 Users"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Microsoft 365 users, productivity | Yes | Medium | Yes | $9.99/mo (M365) |",
      "4. Microsoft Copilot Search: Best AI Search Engine for Microsoft 365 Users"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Leo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-first everyday search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Brave Leo | Privacy-first everyday search | Yes (own index) | High | Yes | Free / $3/mo |",
      "5. Brave Search + Leo: Best Privacy-Focused AI-Powered Search Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Brave Leo | Privacy-first everyday search | Yes (own index) | High | Yes | Free / $3/mo |",
      "5. Brave Search + Leo: Best Privacy-Focused AI-Powered Search Engine"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Power users, ad-free precision",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Kagi | Power users, ad-free precision | Yes (hybrid) | Very High | Trial only | $5/mo |",
      "6. Kagi: The Best AI Search Analysis Tool for Power Users"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Kagi | Power users, ad-free precision | Yes (hybrid) | Very High | Trial only | $5/mo |",
      "6. Kagi: The Best AI Search Analysis Tool for Power Users"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Agentic workflows, multi-task",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| You.com | Agentic workflows, multi-task | Yes | Medium | Yes | Paid tiers vary |",
      "7. You.com: The Agentic AI Search Engine for Multi-Step Tasks"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| You.com | Agentic workflows, multi-task | Yes | Medium | Yes | Paid tiers vary |",
      "7. You.com: The Agentic AI Search Engine for Multi-Step Tasks"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo AI Chat",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Anonymous quick answers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| DuckDuckGo AI Chat | Anonymous quick answers | Yes | Very High | Yes | Free |",
      "8. DuckDuckGo AI Chat: Best Anonymous AI Search Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| DuckDuckGo AI Chat | Anonymous quick answers | Yes | Very High | Yes | Free |",
      "8. DuckDuckGo AI Chat: Best Anonymous AI Search Engine"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Developers, code-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Phind | Developers, code-focused search | Yes | Medium | Yes | Paid tier available |",
      "9. Phind: The Best AI Search Engine for Developers"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Phind | Developers, code-focused search | Yes | Medium | Yes | Paid tier available |",
      "9. Phind: The Best AI Search Engine for Developers"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Claude AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Long-form research, reasoning",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Claude AI | Long-form research, reasoning | Yes (web search) | Medium | Yes | $20/mo (Pro) |",
      "10. Claude AI: The Best AI Search Engine for Long-Form Reasoning"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: Top 10 Ranked",
      "| AI Search Engine | Best For | Real-Time Web | Privacy | Free Tier | Starting Price |",
      "| Claude AI | Long-form research, reasoning | Yes (web search) | Medium | Yes | $20/mo (Pro) |",
      "10. Claude AI: The Best AI Search Engine for Long-Form Reasoning"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aol.com/where-now-search-engines-time-134951870.html",
   "title": "Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
   "published_at": "2026-04-19T13:02:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## AltaVista",
      "Of the most prominent pre-Google search engines, AltaVista is one of the most memorable."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## AltaVista",
      "On the day it launched in December 1995, it quickly amassed more than 300,000 visitors."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## AltaVista",
      "Also a favorite by professional researchers, none of this was enough to keep AltaVista afloat after its parent company, Yahoo, decided it would shut the website down in 2010, finally taking it offline in 2013."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## AltaVista",
      "Also a favorite by professional researchers, none of this was enough to keep AltaVista afloat after its parent company, Yahoo, decided it would shut the website down in 2010, finally taking it offline in 2013."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "general search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Excite",
      "A one-time giant in the internet world, [Excite](https://www.excite.com/) was founded in 1994 by six Stanford students."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Excite",
      "A one-time giant in the internet world, [Excite](https://www.excite.com/) was founded in 1994 by six Stanford students."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Excite",
      "Sadly, negotiations fell through, but it\u2019s an incredible what-if story, especially considering Excite still exists as a search engine almost nobody remembers exists."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Excite",
      "While also a general search engine, Excite allowed internet users to visit a single page and see news, check the weather, get email, and receive instant messages."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "relaunched",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## HotBot",
      "Originally launched in May 1996, the 28-year-old HotBot was one of the most popular search engines of the 1990s."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## HotBot",
      "Originally launched in May 1996, the 28-year-old HotBot was one of the most popular search engines of the 1990s."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## HotBot",
      "After the website was shut down, it was repurchased a few years later and relaunched as a privacy-focused search engine."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## HotBot",
      "After the website was shut down, it was repurchased a few years later and relaunched as a privacy-focused search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "catch-all for internet searches",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Dogpile",
      "With arguably one of the worst names in search engine history, Dogpile was nonetheless remarkably popular."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Dogpile",
      "After launching in November 1996, the site saw some initial success, at least enough to be sold for $4 billion in July 2020."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Dogpile",
      "Surprisingly, the website aggregates search results from Google, Yahoo, and even Yandex today, but it\u2019s still using its weird name, making it hard for anyone to take it too seriously."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Where Are They Now? The Search Engines That Time Forgot",
      "## Dogpile",
      "Capable of pulling website results from Yahoo, AltaVista, HotBot, WebCrawler, and other search engines, Dogpile was a catch-all for internet searches."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://larus.foundation/post/top-10-search-engines-by-market-share",
   "title": "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
   "published_at": "2026-01-22T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Global default search, mobile dominance",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 1 | Google | 90.02% | Global default search, mobile dominance |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 1 | Google | 90.02% | Global default search, mobile dominance |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Microsoft ecosystem, desktop search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 2 | Bing | 5.14% | Microsoft ecosystem, desktop search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 2 | Bing | 5.14% | Microsoft ecosystem, desktop search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Legacy search audience",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 3 | Yahoo | 1.50% | Legacy search audience |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 3 | Yahoo | 1.50% | Legacy search audience |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia/CIS",
     "type": "Strong regional role, especially Russia/CIS",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 4 | Yandex | 1.19% | Strong regional role, especially Russia/CIS |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 4 | Yandex | 1.19% | Strong regional role, especially Russia/CIS |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 4 | Yandex | 1.19% | Strong regional role, especially Russia/CIS |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 5 | DuckDuckGo | 0.71% | Privacy-focused search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 5 | DuckDuckGo | 0.71% | Privacy-focused search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": "China-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "Standfirst \u2014 Google remains the world\u2019s dominant search engine, holding around 90% of the global search engine market as of April 2026. However, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo, Baidu and regional search platforms still play important roles in how people discover information online.",
      "Common examples include Google, Bing, Yahoo, Yandex, DuckDuckGo and Baidu.",
      "| 6 | Baidu | 0.46% | China-focused search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 6 | Baidu | 0.46% | China-focused search |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 6 | Baidu | 0.46% | China-focused search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": "South Korea-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 7 | Naver | Smaller global share | South Korea-focused search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 7 | Naver | Smaller global share | South Korea-focused search |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 7 | Naver | Smaller global share | South Korea-focused search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Eco-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 8 | Ecosia | Smaller global share | Eco-focused search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 8 | Ecosia | Smaller global share | Eco-focused search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Czech Republic",
     "type": "Czech Republic-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 9 | Seznam | Smaller global share | Czech Republic-focused search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 9 | Seznam | Smaller global share | Czech Republic-focused search |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 9 | Seznam | Smaller global share | Czech Republic-focused search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Legacy Q&A/search brand",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 10 | Ask.com | Smaller global share | Legacy Q&A/search brand |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share Worldwide",
      "| Rank | Search Engine | Approx. Global Market Share | Main Strength |",
      "| 10 | Ask.com | Smaller global share | Legacy Q&A/search brand |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://infineural.com/best-private-search-engines-for-total-anonymity/'",
   "title": "7 Best Private Search Engines for Total Anonymity in 2026 (Ranked by Privacy)",
   "published_at": "2026-03-21T16:20:49",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | USA (5-Eyes) | Bing / Own | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| Startpage | Netherlands (9-Eyes) | Google | No |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| Brave Search | USA (5-Eyes) | Independent | No |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| Mojeek | UK (5-Eyes) | Independent | No |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| Swisscows | Switzerland (Privacy Haven) | Bing / Own | No |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Quick Comparison: Best Private Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Search Engine | Jurisdiction | Index Source | Onion Mirror? |",
      "| SearXNG | Decentralized | Meta-search | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 7. Qwant: The European Powerhouse for Neutral Results",
      "Based in France, **Qwant** is the first European search engine to have its own indexing engine that refuses to use tracking cookies or profile its users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search Encrypt",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 6. Search Encrypt: Privacy by Design",
      "Search Encrypt uses local encryption to keep your searches private."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 7. Gibiru: Unfiltered and Anonymous",
      "Gibiru has been around for a long time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://mangools.com/blog/search-engines/",
   "title": "Search Engines List: 34 Most Popular Search Engines in 2026",
   "published_at": "2026-05-12T10:10:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 1. Google",
      "**[Google Search](https://www.google.com/)**, owned by Alphabet, Inc., is the world\u2019s most popular search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 2. Microsoft Bing",
      "Launched in June 2009 by Microsoft, [**Bing**](https://www.bing.com/) is the second-largest search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 2. Microsoft Bing",
      "Launched in June 2009 by Microsoft, [**Bing**](https://www.bing.com/) is the second-largest search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 3. Yahoo!",
      "[**Yahoo! Search**](https://search.yahoo.com/), launched on March 2, 1995, by Jerry Yang and David Filo, is powered by Microsoft Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 3. Yahoo!",
      "[**Yahoo! Search**](https://search.yahoo.com/), launched on March 2, 1995, by Jerry Yang and David Filo, is powered by Microsoft Bing."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Russian search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 4. Yandex",
      "**[Yandex](https://yandex.com/)** (from the term \u201c*Yet Another iNDEXer*\u201d) is a Russian search engine created by Arkady Volozh, Arkady Borkovsky, and Ilya Segalovich [in September 1997](https://yandex.com/company/history#1997)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 4. Yandex",
      "**[Yandex](https://yandex.com/)** (from the term \u201c*Yet Another iNDEXer*\u201d) is a Russian search engine created by Arkady Volozh, Arkady Borkovsky, and Ilya Segalovich [in September 1997](https://yandex.com/company/history#1997)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 4. Yandex",
      "**[Yandex](https://yandex.com/)** (from the term \u201c*Yet Another iNDEXer*\u201d) is a Russian search engine created by Arkady Volozh, Arkady Borkovsky, and Ilya Segalovich [in September 1997](https://yandex.com/company/history#1997)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "the leading search engine in China",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 5. Baidu",
      "[**Baidu**](https://www.baidu.com/), founded by Robin Li and Eric Xu in 2000, is the leading search engine in China."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 5. Baidu",
      "[**Baidu**](https://www.baidu.com/), founded by Robin Li and Eric Xu in 2000, is the leading search engine in China."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 5. Baidu",
      "[**Baidu**](https://www.baidu.com/), founded by Robin Li and Eric Xu in 2000, is the leading search engine in China."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "American search engine known for its strong emphasis on user privacy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo",
      "Created by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008, **[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/)** is an American search engine known for its strong emphasis on user privacy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo",
      "Created by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008, **[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/)** is an American search engine known for its strong emphasis on user privacy."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo",
      "Created by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008, **[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/)** is an American search engine known for its strong emphasis on user privacy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 7. Ecosia",
      "**[Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/)**, based in Berlin, Germany, was launched by Christian Kroll on December 7, 2009."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 7. Ecosia",
      "**[Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/)**, based in Berlin, Germany, was launched by Christian Kroll on December 7, 2009."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": "1983",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "American web portal and online service provider",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 8. AOL",
      "**[AOL](https://www.aol.com/)** (America Online) is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York City, founded by Marc Seriff, Steve Case, Jim Kimsey, and William von Meister in 1983."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 8. AOL",
      "**[AOL](https://www.aol.com/)** (America Online) is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York City, founded by Marc Seriff, Steve Case, Jim Kimsey, and William von Meister in 1983."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 8. AOL",
      "**[AOL](https://www.aol.com/)** (America Online) is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York City, founded by Marc Seriff, Steve Case, Jim Kimsey, and William von Meister in 1983."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Internet Archive",
     "launch_year": "2001",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 9. Internet Archive",
      "**Internet Archive**, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California, created the Wayback Machine in 1996 and launched it to the public in 2001."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 9. Internet Archive",
      "**Internet Archive**, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco, California, created the Wayback Machine in 1996 and launched it to the public in 2001."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused and family-friendly search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 10. Swisscows",
      "[**Swisscows**](https://swisscows.com/en) was launched in 2014 by Hulbee AG, based in Egnach, Switzerland."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 10. Swisscows",
      "[**Swisscows**](https://swisscows.com/en) was launched in 2014 by Hulbee AG, based in Egnach, Switzerland."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 10. Swisscows",
      "[**Swisscows**](https://swisscows.com/en) was launched in 2014 by Hulbee AG, based in Egnach, Switzerland.",
      "It uses semantic data recognition to provide faster answers and protection from inappropriate content along with not storing user data, making it a privacy-focused and family-friendly search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "the second-largest search engine in China after Baidu",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 11. Sogou",
      "[**Sogou**](https://www.sogou.com/), launched in 2004 by Sohu, Inc., is the second-largest search engine in China after Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 11. Sogou",
      "[**Sogou**](https://www.sogou.com/), launched in 2004 by Sohu, Inc., is the second-largest search engine in China after Baidu."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 11. Sogou",
      "[**Sogou**](https://www.sogou.com/), launched in 2004 by Sohu, Inc., is the second-largest search engine in China after Baidu."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Haosou",
     "launch_year": "2012",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 12. Haosou",
      "Also known as [**360 Search, Haosou**](https://m.so.com/) is part of Qihoo 360 Technology Co. Ltd., which offers various internet security products."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 12. Haosou",
      "Launched in 2012, it quickly became one of the most popular search engine in China, holding over 17% of the market share in 2026."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Shenma",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "mobile-first search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 13. Shenma",
      "**[Shenma](https://m.sm.cn/)**, a mobile-first search engine launched in 2014 by Alibaba Group in collaboration with UCWeb, is primarily used by mobile users in China."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 13. Shenma",
      "**[Shenma](https://m.sm.cn/)**, a mobile-first search engine launched in 2014 by Alibaba Group in collaboration with UCWeb, is primarily used by mobile users in China."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 13. Shenma",
      "**[Shenma](https://m.sm.cn/)**, a mobile-first search engine launched in 2014 by Alibaba Group in collaboration with UCWeb, is primarily used by mobile users in China."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine designed to make a positive impact",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 14. Seva",
      "**[Seva](https://sevasearch.org/)** is a search engine designed to make a positive impact, with the name \u201cSeva\u201d meaning \u201cselfless service\u201d in Sanskrit."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 14. Seva",
      "**[Seva](https://sevasearch.org/)** is a search engine designed to make a positive impact, with the name \u201cSeva\u201d meaning \u201cselfless service\u201d in Sanskrit."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Dutch search engine company",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 15. Startpage",
      "**[Startpage](https://www.startpage.com/)**, a Dutch search engine company, focuses on privacy as its key feature."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 15. Startpage",
      "**[Startpage](https://www.startpage.com/)**, a Dutch search engine company, focuses on privacy as its key feature."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yippy",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 16. Yippy",
      "**[Yippy](https://www.yippysearchengine.com/)**, originally developed by Viv\u00edsimo in 2004 under the name Clusty, is a metasearch engine that groups search results into clusters."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 16. Yippy",
      "**[Yippy](https://www.yippysearchengine.com/)**, originally developed by Viv\u00edsimo in 2004 under the name Clusty, is a metasearch engine that groups search results into clusters."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 16. Yippy",
      "**[Yippy](https://www.yippysearchengine.com/)**, originally developed by Viv\u00edsimo in 2004 under the name Clusty, is a metasearch engine that groups search results into clusters."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 17. Dogpile",
      "[**Dogpile**](https://www.dogpile.com/) is a metasearch engine created by Aaron Flin in November 1996."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 17. Dogpile",
      "[**Dogpile**](https://www.dogpile.com/) is a metasearch engine created by Aaron Flin in November 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 17. Dogpile",
      "[**Dogpile**](https://www.dogpile.com/) is a metasearch engine created by Aaron Flin in November 1996."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seekr",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 18. Seekr",
      "Developed to empower users to access trustworthy information at scale, **[Seekr](https://www.seekr.com/)** uses AI to analyze the reliability of information and provides insights at the URL level."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WolframAlpha",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "answer engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 19. WolframAlpha",
      "**[WolframAlpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com/)** is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research and launched on May 18, 2009."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 19. WolframAlpha",
      "**[WolframAlpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com/)** is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research and launched on May 18, 2009."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 19. WolframAlpha",
      "**[WolframAlpha](https://www.wolframalpha.com/)** is an answer engine developed by Wolfram Research and launched on May 18, 2009."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "UK-based search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 20. Mojeek",
      "[Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) is a UK-based search engine that provides unbiased, fast, and relevant search results with a no-tracking privacy policy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 20. Mojeek",
      "It started as a personal project in 2004 and became Mojeek Limited in 2009."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 20. Mojeek",
      "[Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) is a UK-based search engine that provides unbiased, fast, and relevant search results with a no-tracking privacy policy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Often referred to as the \u201cKorean Google,\u201d **[Naver](https://m.naver.com/)** was launched in 1999 by Naver Corporation, a South Korean media and technology conglomerate."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Often referred to as the \u201cKorean Google,\u201d **[Naver](https://m.naver.com/)** was launched in 1999 by Naver Corporation, a South Korean media and technology conglomerate."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity.ai",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI-powered conversational search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 22. Perplexity.ai",
      "**[Perplexity.ai](https://www.perplexity.ai/)** (which was launched in 2022) is an AI-powered conversational search engine designed to provide concise answers to user queries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 22. Perplexity.ai",
      "**[Perplexity.ai](https://www.perplexity.ai/)** (which was launched in 2022) is an AI-powered conversational search engine designed to provide concise answers to user queries."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 22. Perplexity.ai",
      "**[Perplexity.ai](https://www.perplexity.ai/)** (which was launched in 2022) is an AI-powered conversational search engine designed to provide concise answers to user queries."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI-powered conversational search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 23. You.com",
      "**[You.com](https://you.com/)** is an AI-powered conversational search engine launched in 2022."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 23. You.com",
      "**[You.com](https://you.com/)** is an AI-powered conversational search engine launched in 2022."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 23. You.com",
      "**[You.com](https://you.com/)** is an AI-powered conversational search engine launched in 2022."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine focusing on privacy and rewarding content creators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Yep.com",
      "Developed by Ahrefs, [**Yep.com**](https://yep.com/) is a newer search engine focusing on privacy and rewarding content creators."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### Yep.com",
      "Developed by Ahrefs, [**Yep.com**](https://yep.com/) is a newer search engine focusing on privacy and rewarding content creators."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Openverse",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 25. Openverse",
      "**[Openverse](https://openverse.org/)** was made as part of the WordPress project, allowing the discovery and use of openly licensed and public domain works"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 26. Gibiru",
      "**[Gibiru](https://gibiru.com/)** is a privacy-focused search engine developed as an alternative to conventional search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 26. Gibiru",
      "**[Gibiru](https://gibiru.com/)** is a privacy-focused search engine developed as an alternative to conventional search engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 27. Brave",
      "**[Brave](https://search.brave.com/)** does not track users or store their search data, ensuring a more secure browsing experience."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 28. MetaCrawler",
      "Created by Erik Selberg at the University of Washington in 1995, **[MetaCrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/)** is a metasearch engine that aggregates results from multiple sources like Google, Yahoo!, and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 28. MetaCrawler",
      "Created by Erik Selberg at the University of Washington in 1995, **[MetaCrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/)** is a metasearch engine that aggregates results from multiple sources like Google, Yahoo!, and Bing."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 28. MetaCrawler",
      "Created by Erik Selberg at the University of Washington in 1995, **[MetaCrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/)** is a metasearch engine that aggregates results from multiple sources like Google, Yahoo!, and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "French search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 29. Qwant",
      "**[Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/)**, a French search engine launched in February 2013, is dedicated to user privacy, ensuring no tracking or resale of personal data."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 29. Qwant",
      "**[Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/)**, a French search engine launched in February 2013, is dedicated to user privacy, ensuring no tracking or resale of personal data."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 29. Qwant",
      "**[Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/)**, a French search engine launched in February 2013, is dedicated to user privacy, ensuring no tracking or resale of personal data."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c",
     "launch_year": "2013",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Vietnamese search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 30. C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c Search",
      "**[C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c](https://coccoc.com/search)** is a Vietnamese search engine launched in 2013 by a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i-based tech company."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 30. C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c Search",
      "**[C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c](https://coccoc.com/search)** is a Vietnamese search engine launched in 2013 by a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i-based tech company."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 30. C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c Search",
      "**[C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c](https://coccoc.com/search)** is a Vietnamese search engine launched in 2013 by a H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i-based tech company."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Czech search engine and web portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 31. Seznam",
      "**[Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/)** is a Czech search engine and web portal launched in 1996 by Ivo Luka\u010dovi\u010d."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 31. Seznam",
      "**[Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/)** is a Czech search engine and web portal launched in 1996 by Ivo Luka\u010dovi\u010d."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 31. Seznam",
      "**[Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/)** is a Czech search engine and web portal launched in 1996 by Ivo Luka\u010dovi\u010d."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal Search",
     "launch_year": "2020",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "discontinued",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "mobile search app for Android",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 32. Petal Search",
      "**[Petal Search](https://consumer.huawei.com/uk/mobileservices/petalsearch/)** is a mobile search app for Android, owned by Huawei, launched in 2020."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 32. Petal Search",
      "**[Petal Search](https://consumer.huawei.com/uk/mobileservices/petalsearch/)** is a mobile search app for Android, owned by Huawei, launched in 2020."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "### 32. Petal Search",
      "The independent web version of Petal Search was unfortunately discontinued in June 2023."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 32. Petal Search",
      "**[Petal Search](https://consumer.huawei.com/uk/mobileservices/petalsearch/)** is a mobile search app for Android, owned by Huawei, launched in 2020."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "question-answer-focused e-business",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 33. Ask.com",
      "**[Ask.com](https://www.ask.com/)**, originally known as Ask Jeeves, is a question-answer-focused e-business founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 33. Ask.com",
      "**[Ask.com](https://www.ask.com/)**, originally known as Ask Jeeves, is a question-answer-focused e-business founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 33. Ask.com",
      "**[Ask.com](https://www.ask.com/)**, originally known as Ask Jeeves, is a question-answer-focused e-business founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "online",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "American free and open-source web search engine and directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### 34. Gigablast",
      "**[Gigablast](https://www.gigablastsearchengine.com/)** was once an American free and open-source web search engine and directory, founded in 2000 by Matt Wells."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### 34. Gigablast",
      "**[Gigablast](https://www.gigablastsearchengine.com/)** was once an American free and open-source web search engine and directory, founded in 2000 by Matt Wells."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "### 34. Gigablast",
      "On the other hand, it reemerged again in 2024 with its independent index and public access to C/C++ crawler under a new domain: [**gigablast.org**](https://gigablast.org/)."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### 34. Gigablast",
      "**[Gigablast](https://www.gigablastsearchengine.com/)** was once an American free and open-source web search engine and directory, founded in 2000 by Matt Wells."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://futureagi.com/blogs/free-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: Top 7 Ranked & Compared",
   "published_at": "2025-01-07T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi-Lite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Ranked: 7 best free AI search engines for May 2026. Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, You.com, Brave AI, Andi, Phind, Kagi-Lite compared on speed, citations, and modes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "Free AI search engines are increasingly replacing long-tail Google queries for many research workflows in 2026."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## How free AI search engines work",
      "Some engines run their own crawler (Brave, Kagi), others license a third-party index (You.com, Perplexity historically), and some sit on top of Bing or Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## How free AI search engines work",
      "Some engines run their own crawler (Brave, Kagi), others license a third-party index (You.com, Perplexity historically), and some sit on top of Bing or Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## How free AI search engines work",
      "Some engines run their own crawler (Brave, Kagi), others license a third-party index (You.com, Perplexity historically), and some sit on top of Bing or Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### TL;DR: which free AI search engine to pick",
      "| Use case | Best free pick | Why |",
      "| General everyday research | Perplexity AI | Answer-first, fast, inline citations, mode toggle |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search AI Answers",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### TL;DR: which free AI search engine to pick",
      "| Use case | Best free pick | Why |",
      "| Privacy and an independent index | Brave Search AI Answers | No account, clean off toggle |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### TL;DR: which free AI search engine to pick",
      "| Use case | Best free pick | Why |",
      "| Visual ad-free experience | Andi Search | Chat-style results, unlimited free queries |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi Quick Answer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### TL;DR: which free AI search engine to pick",
      "| Use case | Best free pick | Why |",
      "| Quality-over-quantity (100/mo) | Kagi Quick Answer | Premium-feeling free tier slice |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Engines 2026: 7 Tools Ranked & Compared",
      "### 5. Andi Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave AI Answers",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Feature comparison",
      "| Engine | Inline citations | Model picker | Independent index | Free tier cap |",
      "| Brave AI Answers | Yes | No | Yes (Brave) | None |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://topofthelist.net/blog/a-history-of-search-engines/",
   "title": "A History of Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2008-03-06T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for FTP sites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "The first search engine invented was \u201cArchie\u201d, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a brilliant student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "The first search engine invented was \u201cArchie\u201d, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a brilliant student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "This was before the creation of the World Wide Web, and was a search engine for FTP sites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Mathematics and English Unite! Statistical Analysis of Word Relationships",
      "This was gobbled up by Excite\u2122."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Mathematics and English Unite! Statistical Analysis of Word Relationships",
      "In February 1993, 6 Stanford students had the idea of using statistical analysis of word relationships to make searching more efficient."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Counting Web Server Idea spawned Capturing URLs and Indexing",
      "His database became known as the Wandex\u2014a welcome new inhabitant of planet Earth, online."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Counting Web Server Idea spawned Capturing URLs and Indexing",
      "In June 1993, Matthew Gray introduced the World Wide Web Wanderer."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Counting Web Server Idea spawned Capturing URLs and Indexing",
      "In October of 1993, Martin Koster created an Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in response to the Wanderer."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## **From Archie to AI: A Visual Roadmap**",
      "### \u00bb Counting Web Server Idea spawned Capturing URLs and Indexing",
      "In October of 1993, Martin Koster created an Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in response to the Wanderer."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Yahoo!\u2122 Celebrated its 25-year Anniversary in March 2020",
      "In 1994, Yahoo! was created by Jerry Yang and David Filo."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Yahoo!\u2122 Celebrated its 25-year Anniversary in March 2020",
      "In 1994, Yahoo! was created by Jerry Yang and David Filo."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Infoseek\u2122 Offered Web Site Search Engine Submission",
      "Infoseek, also started in 1994, offered a few extra features, such as allowing internet marketing promotion and advertising specialists and other webmasters to submit their own pages to the search index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb Infoseek\u2122 Offered Web Site Search Engine Submission",
      "Infoseek, also started in 1994, offered a few extra features, such as allowing internet marketing promotion and advertising specialists and other webmasters to submit their own pages to the search index."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "### \u00bb AltaVista\u2122 Claimed Unlimited Bandwidth and Taught Search Tips",
      "Next came AltaVista, with nearly unlimited bandwidth at the time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotbot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Creating History with the Bot Boom",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "natural language search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": "2006",
     "status": "discontinued",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2006, Ask Jeeves was renamed to Ask and Teoma was digested."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2006, Ask Jeeves was renamed to Ask and Teoma was digested."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Back to Natural",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "BackRub",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb Google = Googol = 10100",
      "In 1998, Google was launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb Google = Googol = 10100",
      "In 1998, Google was launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Before Bing\u2019s inception, Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998, which primarily relied on search results sourced from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Before Bing\u2019s inception, Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998, which primarily relied on search results sourced from Inktomi."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": "2009",
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "decision engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "However, in 2009, a significant shift occurred."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "However, in 2009, a significant shift occurred."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "However, in 2009, a significant shift occurred."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb \u2026To the Second-Largest Search Engine",
      "While Bing\u2019s market share has typically lagged behind Google\u2019s dominance, it remains a significant player in the search engine industry."
     ],
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     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Microsoft launched Bing as a rebranded and revamped search solution, positioning it as a \u201cdecision engine\u201d designed to produce more curated and relevant results."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-centric search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
      "Due to increasing concerns over online privacy, Gabriel Weinberg founded DuckDuckGo in 1998."
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      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
      "As a search engine that emphasizes user privacy and doesn\u2019t track user searches or share personal data with third parties, DuckDuckGo aims to deliver unbiased search results and minimize the filter bubble effect by not personalizing content based on user history."
     ]
    },
    {
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb Brave Search\u2019s Independent Index",
      "Brave Search emerged from Brave Software\u2019s commitment to championing user privacy across the digital landscape."
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  {
   "url": "https://srels.org/index.php/sjim/article/view/44376",
   "title": "Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
   "published_at": "2014-01-01T17:30:41",
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     "engine": "Yahoo",
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      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
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      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
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      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
     ],
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      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
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      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
     ],
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Internet, Search Engines, Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite, Hotbot.",
      "Paper reports on the evaluation of six search engines viz., Yahoo, Google, Altavista, Lycos, Excite and Hotbot."
     ],
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "(Notes. (Greg R). Searching the World Wide Web: Lycos, WebCrawler and More. Online. Vol. 19(4); July/August 1995a; p48-53."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "engine": "InfoSeek",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Notess (Greg R). The Infoseek Databases. Database. August/September 1995b; p85-87."
     ],
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Internet Search Engines: A Comparative Study and Evaluation Methodology",
      "Leighton (H V). Performance of four World Wide Web (WWW) index services: InfoSeek, Lycos, WebCrawler and WWWWorm. 1995. [http://www.winona.msus.edu/](http://www.winona.msus.edu/) services-f/libraryf/ webind.htm."
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   "url": "https://handwiki.org/wiki/Software:List_of_search_engines",
   "title": "Software:List of search engines - HandWiki",
   "published_at": "2024-02-14T22:01:52",
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Ask.com](/wiki/Software:Ask.com) | Multilingual | Google [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Baidu](/wiki/Company:Baidu) | [Chinese](/wiki/Social:Chinese_language) | Baidu [![China](/wiki/images/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](/wiki/China) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Brave Search](/wiki/Software:Brave_Search) | Multilingual | Brave [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Dogpile](/wiki/Software:Dogpile) | English | [Metasearch engine](/wiki/Software:Metasearch_engine) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](/wiki/Software:DuckDuckGo) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Ecosia](/wiki/Company:Ecosia) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Elasticsearch](/wiki/Software:Elasticsearch) | Multilingual | [Template:Background](/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Background&action=edit&redlink=1) until 2021, then Elasticsearch |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Exalead](/wiki/Company:Exalead) | Multilingual | Cloudview [![France](/wiki/images/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png)](/wiki/France) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Excite](/wiki/Company:Excite_(web_portal))\u2020 | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Gigablast](/wiki/Software:Gigablast) | [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | [Apache License 2.0](/wiki/Software:Apache_License_2.0) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Google](/wiki/Software:Google_Search) | Multilingual | Google [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [HotBot](/wiki/Software:HotBot) | English | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Lycos](/wiki/Software:Lycos) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [MetaCrawler](/wiki/Software:MetaCrawler) | English | [Metasearch engine](/wiki/Software:Metasearch_engine) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Microsoft Bing](/wiki/Software:Microsoft_Bing) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Mojeek](/wiki/Software:Mojeek) | Multilingual | Mojeek [![United Kingdom](/wiki/images/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png)](/wiki/United_Kingdom) |"
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Opensearch](/wiki/Software:OpenSearch) | Multilingual | [Apache License 2.0](/wiki/Software:Apache_License_2.0) (Elasticsearch fork) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Petal](/wiki/Software:Petal_Search) | Multilingual | Huawei [![China](/wiki/images/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](/wiki/China) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Qwant](/wiki/Software:Qwant) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Searx](/wiki/Software:Searx) | Multilingual | [Metasearch engine](/wiki/Software:Metasearch_engine) |"
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      "## By content/topic",
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      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Sogou](/wiki/Company:Sogou) | Multilingual | Tencent [![China](/wiki/images/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](/wiki/China) |"
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     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Startpage](/wiki/Software:Startpage.com) | English | Google [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Swisscows](/wiki/Software:Swisscows) | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [WebCrawler](/wiki/Software:WebCrawler) | English | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [YaCy](/wiki/Software:YaCy) | Multilingual | GPL-2.0-or-later |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Yahoo! Search](/wiki/Software:Yahoo!_Search)\u2020 | Multilingual | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Yandex](/wiki/Yandex_Search) | Multilingual | Yandex [![Russia](/wiki/images/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png)](/wiki/Russia) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Youdao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [Youdao](/wiki/Software:Youdao)\u2020 | [Chinese](/wiki/Social:Chinese_language) | NetEase [![China](/wiki/images/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png)](/wiki/China) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### General",
      "| Name | Language | Backend ownership |",
      "| [You.com](/wiki/Engineering:You.com) | English | Microsoft Bing [![United States](/wiki/images/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)](/wiki/United_States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Accoona",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Accoona](/wiki/Software:Accoona) | [Chinese](/wiki/Social:Chinese_language), [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | [*China*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) , [*United States*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Biglobe",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Biglobe | [Japanese](/wiki/Social:Japanese_language) | [*Japan*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Daum | [Korean](/wiki/Social:Korean_language) | [Korea](/wiki/Place:Korea) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Nate",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Nate](/wiki/Software:Nate_(web_portal)) | [Korean](/wiki/Social:Korean_language) | [Korea](/wiki/Place:Korea) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Egerin",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Egerin](/wiki/Software:Egerin) | Kurdish | Sweden[1][2][3] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Fireball",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Fireball](/wiki/Software:Fireball_(search_engine)) | [German](/wiki/Social:German_language), [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | [*Germany*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Goo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Goo](/wiki/Software:Goo_(search_engine)) | [Japanese](/wiki/Social:Japanese_language) | [*Japan*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Leit.is",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Leit.is](/wiki/Software:Leit.is) | [Icelandic](/wiki/Social:Icelandic_language), [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | Iceland |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Najdi.si",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Najdi.si](/wiki/Software:Najdi.si) | Slovenian | Slovenia |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Naver](/wiki/Software:Naver) | [Korean](/wiki/Social:Korean_language) | [Korea](/wiki/Place:Korea) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Parsijoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Parsijoo](/wiki/Software:Parsijoo) | [Persian](/wiki/Social:Persian_language) | [Iran](/wiki/Religion:Iran) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Pipilika",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Pipilika](/wiki/Software:Pipilika) (defunct) | [Bengali](/wiki/Social:Bengali_language), [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | Bangladesh |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Pipilika](/wiki/Software:Pipilika) (defunct) | [Bengali](/wiki/Social:Bengali_language), [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | Bangladesh |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Rambler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Rambler](/wiki/Company:Rambler_(portal)) | [Russian](/wiki/Social:Russian_language) | [*Russia*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Rediff",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Rediff | | [*India*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search.ch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Search.ch](/wiki/Software:Search.ch) | | [*Switzerland*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sesam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Sesam (defunct) | | [*Norway*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway) , Sweden |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Sesam (defunct) | | [*Norway*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norway) , Sweden |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| Seznam | [Czech](/wiki/Social:Czech_language) | [Czech Republic](/wiki/Place:Czech_Republic) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Walla!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Walla!](/wiki/Company:Walla!) | | [Israel](/wiki/Place:Israel) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Japan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Yahoo! Japan](/wiki/Company:Yahoo!_Japan) | [Japanese](/wiki/Social:Japanese_language) | [*Japan*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) (Google backend) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yongzin",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| [Yongzin](/wiki/Software:Yongzin) | [Tibetan](/wiki/Social:Standard_Tibetan) | [*China*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ZipLocal",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Software:List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Geographically localized",
      "| Name | Language | Country |",
      "| ZipLocal | [English](/wiki/Social:English_language) | [*Canada*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada) , [*United States*](https://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.infotoday.com/online/may02/OnTheNet.htm",
   "title": "On the Net: Dead Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "redirects to CNET's www.search.com site",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "This is the case with the old SavvySearch metasearch engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "Bought out by CNET, the old www.savvysearch.com simply redirects to CNET's www.search.com site."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "This is the case with the old SavvySearch metasearch engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "dead",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "what happened with WebCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "Then, last year, Excite suddenly changed it to the Excite database.",
      "It was still labeled as WebCrawler, with the WebCrawler logo at the WebCrawler URL, but the original WebCrawler search engine was dead."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "dead",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "what happened with WebCrawler.",
      "Originally a completely separate and popular search engine, it was bought by Excite years ago."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**THE SEARCH ENGINE GRAVEYARD**",
      "But its parent search engine, Excite, is now dead."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inference Find",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "Inference Find, a well-respected metasearch engine, used to be located at www.infind.com, a URL which now results in an \"address not found\" (404) error message."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
      "The company shut the site down because it could not find a way to make enough money to support it."
     ],
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     "type_evidence": [
      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
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    },
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    {
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     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "**\u2022 ON THE NET \u2022** **Dead Search Engines** *by Greg R. Notess* Reference Librarian, Montana State University",
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    },
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "end_year": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Infospace",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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    {
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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    },
    {
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": null,
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
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     "end_year": null,
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     "type": null,
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     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": "metasearch engine",
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
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     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "FindWhat",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "**SLOW DEATH OF PORTALS**",
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    },
    {
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     "end_year": null,
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     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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     ]
    },
    {
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "iWon",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**SLOW DEATH OF PORTALS**",
      "iWon made a name for itself as the portal to use for getting entries into cash giveaway sweepstakes."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Fact City",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": null,
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     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "status_evidence": [
      "**SLOW DEATH OF PORTALS**",
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**SLOW DEATH OF PORTALS**",
      "As the eldest and best known of the portals, Yahoo! never had its own search engine."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "survives",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "Google, AllTheWeb, AltaVista, Teoma, and WiseNut all still survive with unique databases and features."
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**SLOW DEATH OF PORTALS**",
      "Its core directory remains, although it changed its follow-up search engine from AltaVista to Inktomi to Google."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "Google, AllTheWeb, AltaVista, Teoma, and WiseNut all still survive with unique databases and features."
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     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
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     "status": "dead as a Web search engine for the general public",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**NORTHERN LIGHT**",
      "Most disappointing to many librarians was the recusal of Northern Light from the Web search engine scene early this year."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "**NORTHERN LIGHT**",
      "Yet for most practical purposes, Northern Light is now dead as a Web search engine for the general public."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**NORTHERN LIGHT**",
      "Most disappointing to many librarians was the recusal of Northern Light from the Web search engine scene early this year."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active and viable",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "portal and search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "The old Lycos database is long gone, although the site remains as an active and viable portal and search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "status_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "The old Lycos database is long gone, although the site remains as an active and viable portal and search engine."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "The old Lycos database is long gone, although the site remains as an active and viable portal and search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Fast Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine database",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "However, its search engine database and search features now come from Fast Search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "However, its search engine database and search features now come from Fast Search."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Remarq",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "database died",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Both AltaVista and Remarq let their Usenet news databases die, leaving only DejaNews as a Usenet news search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DejaNews",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "dead",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Usenet news search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "Both AltaVista and Remarq let their Usenet news databases die, leaving only DejaNews as a Usenet news search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Groups",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
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     "status_evidence": [
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     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "javElink",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "dead and gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "current awareness service",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "Current awareness services like javElink, later known as EOMonitor, are now dead and gone from the realm of free search tools."
     ],
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      "Current awareness services like javElink, later known as EOMonitor, are now dead and gone from the realm of free search tools."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "Current awareness services like javElink, later known as EOMonitor, are now dead and gone from the realm of free search tools."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "EOMonitor",
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     "status": "dead and gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "current awareness service",
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     ],
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     "status_evidence": [
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      "Current awareness services like javElink, later known as EOMonitor, are now dead and gone from the realm of free search tools."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**OTHERS IN THE GRAVEYARD**",
      "Current awareness services like javElink, later known as EOMonitor, are now dead and gone from the realm of free search tools."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AllTheWeb",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "survives",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
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      "So does Inktomi, available at partner sites such as HotBot and MSN Search and iWon, and in a slightly different version at each."
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "**THE SURVIVORS**",
      "So does Inktomi, available at partner sites such as HotBot and MSN Search and iWon, and in a slightly different version at each."
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      "**THE SURVIVORS**",
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "**THE SURVIVORS**",
      "So does Inktomi, available at partner sites such as HotBot and MSN Search and iWon, and in a slightly different version at each."
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  {
   "url": "https://www.seobythesea.com/2009/12/what-did-search-look-like-a-decade-ago/",
   "title": "What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago? - SEO by the Sea \u2693",
   "published_at": "2009-12-21T08:12:33",
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**AltaVista**"
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Ask Jeeves**"
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Excite**"
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Google**"
     ],
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Hotbot**"
     ],
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Infoseek**"
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**LookSmart**"
     ],
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Lycos**"
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**MSN**"
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Northern Light**"
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     "engine": "Webcrawler",
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
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      "# What Did Search Look Like a Decade Ago?",
      "I thought it might be fun to take a look back at some of the popular search engines of yesterday and spent a little time at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/) traveling back to the earlier days of search.",
      "**Yahoo**"
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   "url": "https://perplexityaimagazine.com/ai-tools/best-ai-search-engine-2026-2",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engine 2026: No Single Winner",
   "published_at": "2026-07-02T11:22:00",
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     "type": "cited research",
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
     ],
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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     "engine": "Gemini",
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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     "engine": "Kagi",
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     "type": "private paid search",
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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      "| **Use Case** | **Recommended Engine** | **Why It Wins** | **Known Constraint** |",
      "| Private paid search | Kagi | Ad-free, user-funded, private search with Assistant on paid plans. | Less specialised for heavy source-backed reports than Perplexity. |"
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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     "engine": "Brave",
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      "The Best AI Search Engine 2026 is not one universal product, and that is the most important answer I can give after testing the market: Perplexity AI is strongest for cited research, ChatGPT Search is better for multi-step work, Google AI Mode owns mainstream reach, and privacy-first users should look seriously at Kagi or Brave.",
      "## Executive Summary",
      "- \ud83c\udfaf Use case fit matters more than overall rankings because Perplexity performed best for research grade workflows, while ChatGPT Search, Gemini, Grok, Kagi and You.com each excel in different scenarios."
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      "The hook is that even the best answer engines still need verification.",
      "A 2026 audit of generative search citations found evidence of AI-generated sources in about 16 per cent of cited material across ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini and Perplexity, which means a neat citation trail is not the same as truth."
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      "For academic evidence, Elicit and Consensus often beat general answer engines because they begin with scholarly corpora rather than the whole web.",
      "### Best AI Search Engine 2026 for Technical Buyers"
     ],
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      "For academic evidence, Elicit and Consensus often beat general answer engines because they begin with scholarly corpora rather than the whole web.",
      "### Best AI Search Engine 2026 for Technical Buyers"
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      "For academic evidence, Elicit and Consensus often beat general answer engines because they begin with scholarly corpora rather than the whole web.",
      "### Best AI Search Engine 2026 for Technical Buyers"
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      "For academic evidence, Elicit and Consensus often beat general answer engines because they begin with scholarly corpora rather than the whole web.",
      "### Best AI Search Engine 2026 for Technical Buyers"
     ]
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      "For developers building AI agents, You.com and Perplexity Sonar are more relevant than consumer chat interfaces because the API economics can be measured per request, per token and per search context size.",
      "### Best AI Search Engine 2026 for Technical Buyers"
     ],
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  {
   "url": "https://www.webmasterworld.com/sem_seo_research/410.htm",
   "title": "What were the first search engines?",
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     "type": "first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search",
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      "What were the first search engines?",
      "AltaVista, which means \"a view from above\", was inspired by the creation of big ideas and a fascination with keeping track of information."
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      "Altavista (1995) first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search"
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     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Altavista (1995) first natural language queries, boolean operators, link search"
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "I remember vaguely being told about google and ODP in an information management module at uni (97/98 perhaps?)."
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     "engine": "Archie",
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      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
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      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
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      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
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      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Archie was developed in 1990 - Gopher and WAIS not much later."
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yes the first internet search engine, Archie, Jughead, etc."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yahoo (1994) directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AliWeb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Internet Meta-Index",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jumpstation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WorldWideWebWorm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The \"Best of the Web\" award for \"Navigation Aides\" in 1994 mentions: AliWeb, Internet Meta-Index, Jumpstation, W3Catalog, and WorldWideWebWorm."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The earliest ones mentioned that still exist in some form:",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy (1994) directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      ".. in which the \"World Wide Web Wanderer\" is called the mother of all search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Excite (1993)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Excite (1993)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The earliest ones mentioned that still exist in some form:",
      "Excite (1993)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "first full-text search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The earliest ones mentioned that still exist in some form:",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "WebCrawler (1994) first full-text search"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The earliest ones mentioned that still exist in some form:",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Infoseek (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Infoseek (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The earliest ones mentioned that still exist in some form:",
      "Infoseek (1994)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Metacrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Metacrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Metacrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotbot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Inktomi/Hotbot (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Google came much later JOAT, 1998 I believe?"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Google came much later JOAT, 1998 I believe?"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Verity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "I don't know the years they began but I'd say Verity & Desktop Data, if not the first around, close to it...but depends how you define search engine..."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Desktop Data",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "I don't know the years they began but I'd say Verity & Desktop Data, if not the first around, close to it...but depends how you define search engine..."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "pre-www Internet search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Don't forget Veronica ... pre-www Internet search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Don't forget Veronica ... pre-www Internet search."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dmoz",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Galaxy was the first web directory. Before Yahoo, Before Dmoz."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "merged with Excite",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Where's Magellan? They were around until they merged with Excite at the turn of the millenium."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "The McKinley Group was founded in 1993, and Magellan was launched during August 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Where's Magellan? They were around until they merged with Excite at the turn of the millenium."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "A old news.com story also mentions that the directory went live in the summer of 1995."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Text",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "full-text search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Also what about Open Text."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "However, it was an early full-text search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "meta",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yep, SavvySearch was one of the first metas."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "(Danny claims that it has been around since March 1995, although most other source I found listed the launch as May 1995 )"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What were the first search engines?",
      "Yep, SavvySearch was one of the first metas."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://digitalguider.com/blog/top-50-search-engines/",
   "title": "Top 50 Global Search Engines (2026 Edition): Guide for Marketing Experts",
   "published_at": "2021-03-31T11:06:19",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **1\u2013 Google Search Engine**",
      "As the most popular search engine in the world, it\u2019s no surprise that Google is at the top of this list."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Socialseeking",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **2\u2013 Socialseeking Search Engine**",
      "If you are looking for a site to navigate social networks quickly, you can use the Socialseeking search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **3\u2013 Microsoft Bing**",
      "Bing is a great search engine for various reasons."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Crunchbase",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **4\u2013 Crunchbase Search Engine**",
      "If you want in-class live information or data for private or public companies, you will find it here on the search engine site Crunchbase."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **5\u2013 Baidu Search Engine**",
      "The Baidu search engine is one of China\u2019s most popular search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **5\u2013 Baidu Search Engine**",
      "It was founded in 2000 and has since become the largest search engine in China."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **5\u2013 Baidu Search Engine**",
      "The Baidu search engine is one of China\u2019s most popular search engines."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **6\u2013 Gigablast Search Engine**",
      "For real-time indexing and to protect privacy, the Gigablast search engine is the best for your use."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **7\u2013 Yandex Search Engine**",
      "Yandex is a search engine that was founded in 1997 in Russia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **7\u2013 Yandex Search Engine**",
      "Yandex is a search engine that was founded in 1997 in Russia."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **7\u2013 Yandex Search Engine**",
      "Yandex is a search engine that was founded in 1997 in Russia."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **8\u2013 Naver Search Engine**",
      "In South Korea, Naver remains one of the dominant search platforms, though competition has intensified."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **8\u2013 Naver Search Engine**",
      "In South Korea, Naver remains one of the dominant search platforms, though competition has intensified."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **9\u2013 Yahoo Search Engine**",
      "Yahoo is a web search engine owned by Verizon Media."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **9\u2013 Yahoo Search Engine**",
      "This company was founded in January 1994 by Jerry Yang & David Filo."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **10\u2013 Gibiru Search Engine**",
      "The platform prides itself on being the \u201cuncensored private search\u201d and anonymous private searching."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ASK",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **11\u2013 ASK Search Engine**",
      "ASK is a search engine that allows users to ask questions & receive answers from others."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scribd",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **12\u2013 Scribd Search Engine**",
      "If you are a book lover, Scribd is the search engine you are looking for; here, you will find most magazines, books, audiobooks, music, and even sheet music."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **13\u2013 DuckDuckGo**",
      "DuckDuckGo search engine was launched in 2008."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **13\u2013 DuckDuckGo**",
      "DuckDuckGo search engine was launched in 2008."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wiki",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **14\u2013 Wiki Search Engine**",
      "The Wiki search engine is a platform for consolidated information."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wolfram Alpha",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **15\u2013 Wolfram Alpha Search Engine**",
      "When it was launched in 2009, the search engine Wolfram Alpha was a computational knowledge engine where you could direct answers."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **15\u2013 Wolfram Alpha Search Engine**",
      "When it was launched in 2009, the search engine Wolfram Alpha was a computational knowledge engine where you could direct answers."
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     "engine": "Pinterest",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **16\u2013 Pinterest Search Engine**",
      "If you search for photos, images, video clips, and gifs, Pinterest is the number one search engine platform."
     ],
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **16\u2013 Pinterest Search Engine**",
      "It first launched in 2010 and received about 5 billion searches every month."
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     "engine": "Google Scholar",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **17\u2013 Google Scholar Search Engine**",
      "If you are working in academics, you can get great help with the Google Scholar search engine, which can help you with research papers, books, and other articles."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **18\u2013 Slideshare Search Engine**",
      "The slideShare search engine was ideal for downloading and sharing all official documents."
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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     "engine": "Reddit",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **19\u2013 Reddit Search Engine**",
      "Reddit is a public platform to search for and share common interests, experiences, and hobbies."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **20\u2013 Dogpile Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **21\u2013 Disconnect Search**",
      "With the Disconnect search engine, you can conduct private searches."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **22\u2013 Ecosia** **Search Engine**",
      "Ecosia\u2019s search engine donates a portion of its ad revenue to [tree-planting initiatives](https://digitalguider.com/seo-market/tree-services/) worldwide."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **23\u2013 Petal Search**",
      "Petal Search is a mobile search engine app developed by Huawei, a Chinese technology company."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **24\u2013 Startpage Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **25\u2013 C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c Search**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **25\u2013 C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c Search**",
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     "engine": "AOL",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **26\u2013 AOL Search Engine**",
      "One of the oldest search engines was AOL, launched in 1985."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **26\u2013 AOL Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **27\u2013 Search Encrypt Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **28\u2013 YouTube Search Engine**",
      "In the recent decade, [YouTube](https://digitalguider.com/video-seo-services/youtube-seo-services/) has become one of the most significant search engines for video content with huge numbers."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **29\u2013 Seznam Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **30\u2013 Boardreader Search Engine**",
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     "engine": "Brave Search",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **31\u2013 Brave Search**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **32\u2013 Swisscows Search Engine**",
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      "## **32\u2013 Swisscows Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **33\u2013 Kagi Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **34\u2013 Info.com Search Engine**",
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      "## **35\u2013 Oscobo Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **36\u2013 Sogou Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **37\u2013 MetaGer Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **38\u2013 Mojeek Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **39\u2013 Whoogle Search Engine**"
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **40\u2013 Qwant Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **41\u2013 Presearch Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **42\u2013 TinEye Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **43\u2013 SearX Search Engine**",
      "SearX is an awesome metasearch engine that\u2019s totally free and open source."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **44\u2013 Builtwith Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **45\u2013 Blog Search Engine**",
      "With the helpful search engine Blog, finding more than 40,000 [business blog posts](https://digitalguider.com/blog/benefits-of-business-blogging/) with various topics is easier."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **46\u2013 Goodsearch Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **47\u2013 Who\u2019s Talkin Search Engine**",
      "This social search engine lets you index conversations across 60 [social media sites](https://digitalguider.com/blog/how-to-increase-social-media-followers/)."
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **48\u2013 Twitter Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **49\u2013 LinkedIn Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **49\u2013 LinkedIn Search Engine**",
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      "## Top 50 Search Engines You Must Try Once",
      "## **50\u2013 Facebook Search Engine**",
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      "## **50\u2013 Facebook Search Engine**",
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   "url": "https://searchengines.net/mojeek",
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     "type": "independent European engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Qwant was found in 2019 to have no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all while marketing itself as an independent European engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Qwant was found in 2019 to have no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all while marketing itself as an independent European engine."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Qwant was found in 2019 to have no [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) at all while marketing itself as an independent European engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-search category",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Ecosia bought its results from Microsoft for well over a decade."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "That sentence is worth dwelling on because it can be said of almost nothing else in the privacy-search category."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-search category",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "DuckDuckGo and Startpage rely on other people's indexes by design."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Mojeek says so, and the date it gives \u2014 a no-tracking privacy policy adopted in 2006 \u2014 is consistently reported and does predate DuckDuckGo's 2008 founding."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "That sentence is worth dwelling on because it can be said of almost nothing else in the privacy-search category."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-search category",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "DuckDuckGo and Startpage rely on other people's indexes by design."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "That sentence is worth dwelling on because it can be said of almost nothing else in the privacy-search category."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "**The comparison that must accompany those numbers:** [Google](/google/)'s index is generally understood to run to hundreds of billions of pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "The API is the strategically important one. There are perhaps a handful of independent web indexes on earth, and after the 2023 [Bing](/bing/) API price rises anyone building a search or AI product without wanting to be a Microsoft reseller had a short list to choose from."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "It is also quietly infrastructure. Mojeek licenses its index through a Web [Search API](/guides/search-engine-apis-and-developer-tools/) and a Site Search API, and it is one of the very few sources a developer can buy web results from that is not Google, Microsoft or Yandex."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "The engine **Kagi** has drawn on Mojeek among its blended sources from around mid-2023 \u2014 and the direction matters: Mojeek supplies [Kagi](/kagi/), not the other way round."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Startpage, Ecosia, [Swisscows](/swisscows/) and DuckDuckGo all hand at least some queries to Microsoft or Google, anonymised to varying degrees."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy-focused search engines",
      "Mojeek's answer is the same as [Brave](/brave-search/)'s: it does not retain data linking a query to a person, so there is little to compel."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://youtu.be/mvxmwdZpDq4",
   "title": "Every Illegal Search Engines You Were NEVER Supposed to Find!",
   "published_at": "2026-08-18T15:00:37",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Shodan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for hackers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Shoddon found all of them."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Often called the search engine for hackers, Shoddon doesn't look for websites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Censys",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Built by researchers at the University of Michigan, Census scans the entire IPv4 address space, every possible internet address in the old system."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exif Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "XF search was a tool that crawled social media and public forums, stripped out that hidden metadata, and made it searchable by location."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grams",
     "launch_year": "2014",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "went offline for good",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "dark web search tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Then somebody with the alias Pimp Pretty launched Grams and gave the underground its own Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Back in 2014, the dark web had a usability problem."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Eventually, the pressure got too heavy and Grahams went offline for good."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Before Grahams, the dark web was chaos."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Foca",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "taken offline",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "FASA was the search engine that proved it."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Fauca was eventually taken offline after it got connected to several high-profile data thefts."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "IntelX",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "living archive of leaked data",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Intel X. Ever wonder where your password ends up after a data breach?"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "It's not a search engine in the traditional sense."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ahmia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "ethical search engine for the dark web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Amya, an ethical search engine for the dark web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Amya, an ethical search engine for the dark web."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Torch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine on the dark web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Short for Tor Search, Torch is one of the oldest search engines on the dark web and the one that refuses to die."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Transcript",
      "Short for Tor Search, Torch is one of the oldest search engines on the dark web and the one that refuses to die."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.searchengines.net/guides/search-engines-that-no-longer-exist/",
   "title": "Search engines that no longer exist",
   "published_at": "2026-08-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[AltaVista](/altavista/)** \u2014 launched **15 December 1995** from Digital Equipment Corporation's Palo Alto labs, the first fast full-text index of the whole web."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Infoseek](/infoseek/)** \u2014 launched January 1994 as a paid subscription service, withdrawn that August, relaunched free in February 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Cuil** \u2014 launched from stealth on **28 July 2008** by ex-Google engineers with its own [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) and enormous coverage claims; servers went offline on **17 September 2010**, staff reporting they had not been paid that week."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Neeva",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "subscription engine with no ads",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Neeva](/neeva/)** \u2014 publicly available from 29 June 2021 as a subscription engine with no ads, running its own crawler blended with third-party feeds."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Neeva](/neeva/)** \u2014 publicly available from 29 June 2021 as a subscription engine with no ads, running its own crawler blended with third-party feeds."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DMOZ",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "volunteer-edited catalogue",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **DMOZ / the [Open Directory Project](/dmoz/)** \u2014 launched 5 June 1998, a volunteer-edited catalogue licensed out to search engines rather than bought in."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **DMOZ / the [Open Directory Project](/dmoz/)** \u2014 launched 5 June 1998, a volunteer-edited catalogue licensed out to search engines rather than bought in."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "gone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "live brand with no index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "portal layout",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone.",
      "Excite, Lycos, HotBot and Mamma are not \u2014 they are something else now."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**Excite** launched in October 1995, bought Magellan and WebCrawler in 1996, merged with @Home Network in January 1999 in a $6.7 billion stock deal, filed for Chapter 11 on 1 October 2001, and was sold that December for around $10 million."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "Excite, Lycos and [WebCrawler](/webcrawler/) are live brands with no index."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "Today excite.com is an IAC property with a portal layout and a working search box; its privacy policy states that \"Excite search services are provided through a third party, System1 LLC\"."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "live brand with no index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone.",
      "Excite, Lycos, HotBot and Mamma are not \u2014 they are something else now."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**Lycos** began as Michael Mauldin's Carnegie Mellon research project and went live on 20 July 1994 with 54,000 documents."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "Excite, Lycos and [WebCrawler](/webcrawler/) are live brands with no index."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "AI chat aggregator",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI chat aggregator",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone.",
      "Excite, Lycos, HotBot and Mamma are not \u2014 they are something else now."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**HotBot** is the sharpest case. It launched in May 1996, built by HotWired with a four-month-old startup called Inktomi supplying the technology \u2014 so the engine was never HotBot's own."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "HotBot is an AI chat aggregator run from Ontario; [Mamma](/mamma/) an affiliate content site run from Melbourne; goto.com a cloud communications company."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "HotBot is an AI chat aggregator run from Ontario; [Mamma](/mamma/) an affiliate content site run from Melbourne; goto.com a cloud communications company."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mamma",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "affiliate content site",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "Search engines that no longer exist",
      "AltaVista, Infoseek, Cuil, Neeva, DMOZ and Ask.com are gone.",
      "Excite, Lycos, HotBot and Mamma are not \u2014 they are something else now."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**Mamma** \u2014 a Montreal metasearch engine launched in July 1996 \u2014 is the inverse case: the domain is thoroughly alive and the engine thoroughly gone."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "HotBot is an AI chat aggregator run from Ontario; [Mamma](/mamma/) an affiliate content site run from Melbourne; goto.com a cloud communications company."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**Mamma** \u2014 a Montreal metasearch engine launched in July 1996 \u2014 is the inverse case: the domain is thoroughly alive and the engine thoroughly gone."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "live brand with no index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "Excite, Lycos and [WebCrawler](/webcrawler/) are live brands with no index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Alive, but not search engines: Excite, Lycos, HotBot, Mamma",
      "**WebCrawler** belongs here too: launched on 21 April 1994 by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, the first engine to index full page text, it stopped using its own index in 2001 and is now a System1 front end that crawls nothing."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Dead, transformed, or just a domain someone else owns",
      "Excite, Lycos and [WebCrawler](/webcrawler/) are live brands with no index."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inference Find",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Inference Find](/inference-find/)** \u2014 a metasearch engine that clustered results from several engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Inference Find](/inference-find/)** \u2014 a metasearch engine that clustered results from several engines. Closed **March 2001**, out of capital; infind.com no longer resolves."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Inference Find](/inference-find/)** \u2014 a metasearch engine that clustered results from several engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "edited web guide",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Magellan](/magellan/)** \u2014 the McKinley Group's edited web guide, conventionally dated to 1995, bought by Excite in June 1996 and closed in **May 2001**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Magellan](/magellan/)** \u2014 the McKinley Group's edited web guide, conventionally dated to 1995, bought by Excite in June 1996 and closed in **May 2001**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Magellan](/magellan/)** \u2014 the McKinley Group's edited web guide, conventionally dated to 1995, bought by Excite in June 1996 and closed in **May 2001**."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Magellan](/magellan/)** \u2014 the McKinley Group's edited web guide, conventionally dated to 1995, bought by Excite in June 1996 and closed in **May 2001**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "EuroSeek",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "filed for bankruptcy",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[EuroSeek](/euroseek/)** \u2014 a Stockholm company running its own multilingual European crawler from March 1997; it filed for bankruptcy on or about **18 September 2001** and a 2002 relaunch failed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[EuroSeek](/euroseek/)** \u2014 a Stockholm company running its own multilingual European crawler from March 1997; it filed for bankruptcy on or about **18 September 2001** and a 2002 relaunch failed."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[EuroSeek](/euroseek/)** \u2014 a Stockholm company running its own multilingual European crawler from March 1997; it filed for bankruptcy on or about **18 September 2001** and a 2002 relaunch failed."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "withdrew its free public web search engine",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "enterprise market-intelligence vendor",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Northern Light](/northern-light/)** \u2014 withdrew its free public web search engine in **January 2002**, though the company survived and still trades as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Northern Light](/northern-light/)** \u2014 withdrew its free public web search engine in **January 2002**, though the company survived and still trades as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Northern Light](/northern-light/)** \u2014 withdrew its free public web search engine in **January 2002**, though the company survived and still trades as an enterprise market-intelligence vendor."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "brand was retired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Teoma** \u2014 Rutgers research commercialised in 2000, bought by [Ask Jeeves](/ask-jeeves/) in September 2001, fully live April 2002."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Teoma** \u2014 Rutgers research commercialised in 2000, bought by [Ask Jeeves](/ask-jeeves/) in September 2001, fully live April 2002."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Teoma** \u2014 Rutgers research commercialised in 2000, bought by [Ask Jeeves](/ask-jeeves/) in September 2001, fully live April 2002. The brand was retired on **26 February 2006**; a 2010 revival was a front end over Ask's results. teoma.com does not resolve in DNS as of 19 August 2026."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shut it in late September 2007, on exiting consumer products",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-edited directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **LookSmart** \u2014 a human-edited directory from 1996 which acquired a real [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) in WiseNut and shut it in **late September 2007**, on exiting consumer products."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **LookSmart** \u2014 a human-edited directory from 1996 which acquired a real [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) in WiseNut and shut it in **late September 2007**, on exiting consumer products."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **LookSmart** \u2014 a human-edited directory from 1996 which acquired a real [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) in WiseNut and shut it in **late September 2007**, on exiting consumer products."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **LookSmart** \u2014 a human-edited directory from 1996 which acquired a real [crawler](/guides/what-is-a-web-crawler/) in WiseNut and shut it in **late September 2007**, on exiting consumer products."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AllTheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **AllTheWeb** \u2014 FAST's Norwegian engine, live from mid-1999, sold to Overture in 2003, inherited by [Yahoo](/yahoo/) and closed on **4 April 2011**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **AllTheWeb** \u2014 FAST's Norwegian engine, live from mid-1999, sold to Overture in 2003, inherited by [Yahoo](/yahoo/) and closed on **4 April 2011**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **AllTheWeb** \u2014 FAST's Norwegian engine, live from mid-1999, sold to Overture in 2003, inherited by [Yahoo](/yahoo/) and closed on **4 April 2011**."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2002",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "stopped serving",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "one-man engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** \u2014 Matt Wells's one-man engine, in public beta from 21 July 2002, ran its own crawler and index for about twenty-one years and stopped serving in **early April 2023** with no announcement."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** \u2014 Matt Wells's one-man engine, in public beta from 21 July 2002, ran its own crawler and index for about twenty-one years and stopped serving in **early April 2023** with no announcement."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** \u2014 Matt Wells's one-man engine, in public beta from 21 July 2002, ran its own crawler and index for about twenty-one years and stopped serving in **early April 2023** with no announcement."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **[Gigablast](/gigablast/)** \u2014 Matt Wells's one-man engine, in public beta from 21 July 2002, ran its own crawler and index for about twenty-one years and stopped serving in **early April 2023** with no announcement."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "consumer engine is discontinued while the company thrives",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **You.com** \u2014 the consumer engine is discontinued while the company thrives."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **You.com** \u2014 the consumer engine is discontinued while the company thrives."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoTo.com / Overture",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "renamed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **GoTo.com / Overture** \u2014 the engine that invented the paid-search auction, live from February 1998, bought by Yahoo on 7 October 2003 and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing on **18 April 2005**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **GoTo.com / Overture** \u2014 the engine that invented the paid-search auction, live from February 1998, bought by Yahoo on 7 October 2003 and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing on **18 April 2005**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **GoTo.com / Overture** \u2014 the engine that invented the paid-search auction, live from February 1998, bought by Yahoo on 7 October 2003 and renamed Yahoo! Search Marketing on **18 April 2005**."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves / Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "service closed",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Ask Jeeves / Ask.com** \u2014 three endings, constantly conflated."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## Genuinely gone: the engines and the dates",
      "- **Ask Jeeves / Ask.com** \u2014 three endings, constantly conflated. The **Jeeves** name went in the US in February 2006 and entirely on 21 September 2016. The **index** \u2014 Teoma technology, rebranded ExpertRank \u2014 was shut in **late 2010**, 130 engineering roles cut. The **service** closed on **1 May 2026**; ask.com now serves a farewell page: \"Every great search must come to an end.\""
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "crawling and ranking their own general web index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "The individual obituaries matter less than the aggregate. Around 2002 the Western web had a genuine plurality of organisations crawling and indexing it independently: Google, Inktomi, AltaVista, FAST/AllTheWeb, Teoma, Northern Light and Gigablast among them."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "The individual obituaries matter less than the aggregate. Around 2002 the Western web had a genuine plurality of organisations crawling and indexing it independently: Google, Inktomi, AltaVista, FAST/AllTheWeb, Teoma, Northern Light and Gigablast among them."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "crawling and ranking their own general web index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "crawling and ranking their own general web index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "crawling and ranking their own general web index",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "small independent tier",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "small independent tier",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "small independent tier",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "regional engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "regional engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "regional engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "What is left is a short list. As of 2026 the organisations crawling and ranking their own general web index include Google, Microsoft Bing, Yandex and Baidu, a small independent tier such as Mojeek, Brave Search and Marginalia, and regional engines including Naver, Seznam and C\u1ed1c C\u1ed1c."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The history of search",
      "## What was lost: the count of independent indexes",
      "Almost every other name in the genre displays results it did not find \u2014 not a criticism, since Startpage resells Google deliberately and says so, but the fact most obituaries miss: the engines did not merely die, the indexes consolidated."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://dev.to/ebercruz/my-ai-agent-lost-its-search-engine-heres-what-i-learned-about-who-actually-owns-a-web-index-3ej1",
   "title": "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
   "published_at": "2026-08-11T15:20:29",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Tens of billions of pages, independently crawled:** Google, Bing, Brave, Yandex, Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Tens of billions of pages, independently crawled:** Google, Bing, Brave, Yandex, Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Tens of billions of pages, independently crawled:** Google, Bing, Brave, Yandex, Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Tens of billions of pages, independently crawled:** Google, Bing, Brave, Yandex, Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Tens of billions of pages, independently crawled:** Google, Bing, Brave, Yandex, Baidu."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Staan",
     "launch_year": "2025",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Emerging, regional",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Emerging, regional:** Staan, the index built by Qwant and Ecosia through their European Search Perspective joint venture (formed November 2024)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "It started serving real queries to French Ecosia users on **August 6, 2025**, targeting 30% of French queries by year end."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Emerging, regional:** Staan, the index built by Qwant and Ecosia through their European Search Perspective joint venture (formed November 2024)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seekport",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Billions, independent, deliberately smaller",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "My AI agent lost its search engine. Here's what I learned about who actually owns a web index.",
      "- **Billions, independent, deliberately smaller:** Mojeek (~5B pages, its own MojeekBot, running since 2004), Yep, Stract, Seekport, Petal Search, Marginalia."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://baddiehubit.com/search-engines-by-market-share",
   "title": "Search Engines by Market Share: Top 10 Ranked (2026)",
   "published_at": "2026-07-31T19:58:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 1 | [Google](https://www.google.com/) | ~90% | \u2022 Fastest, most relevant results \u2022 Deep Android and Chrome integration \u2022 Best-in-class Maps, Images, YouTube search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 2 | [Bing](https://www.bing.com/) | ~5% | \u2022 Default on Windows and Edge \u2022 Tied closely to Copilot AI search \u2022 Popular with enterprise users |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 3 | [Yahoo](https://search.yahoo.com/) | ~1.5% | \u2022 Long-time homepage habit for many \u2022 Strong news, finance and email hub \u2022 Runs on partnered search tech |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 4 | [Yandex](https://yandex.com/) | ~1.2% | \u2022 Dominant across Russia and CIS \u2022 Deep local language understanding \u2022 Trusted despite small global share |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 4 | [Yandex](https://yandex.com/) | ~1.2% | \u2022 Dominant across Russia and CIS \u2022 Deep local language understanding \u2022 Trusted despite small global share |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 5 | [DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/) | ~0.7% | \u2022 Zero tracking, privacy-first \u2022 Loyal, steadily growing base \u2022 Clean, ad-light results |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 6 | [Baidu](https://www.baidu.com/) | ~0.5% | \u2022 The default engine inside China \u2022 Massive local trust \u2022 Essential for China-facing brands |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 6 | [Baidu](https://www.baidu.com/) | ~0.5% | \u2022 The default engine inside China \u2022 Massive local trust \u2022 Essential for China-facing brands |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 7 | [Naver](https://www.naver.com/) | Regional | \u2022 Blends search, news and shopping \u2022 South Korea\u2019s go-to platform \u2022 Feels more like a lifestyle hub |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 7 | [Naver](https://www.naver.com/) | Regional | \u2022 Blends search, news and shopping \u2022 South Korea\u2019s go-to platform \u2022 Feels more like a lifestyle hub |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 8 | [Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/) | Small | \u2022 Ad revenue funds tree planting \u2022 Appeals to eco-conscious users \u2022 Competes on values, not scale |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Czech Republic",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 9 | [Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/) | Regional | \u2022 Czech Republic\u2019s local favorite \u2022 Strong cultural relevance \u2022 Holds ground against Google locally |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 9 | [Seznam](https://www.seznam.cz/) | Regional | \u2022 Czech Republic\u2019s local favorite \u2022 Strong cultural relevance \u2022 Holds ground against Google locally |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (2026)",
      "Top 10 Search Engines by Market Share (Table)",
      "| 10 | [Ask.com](https://www.ask.com/) | Legacy | \u2022 Built around direct Q&A search \u2022 Mostly nostalgia and brand recall \u2022 Minor player today |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://cyberinsider.com/private-search-engine",
   "title": "10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
   "published_at": "2026-02-26T15:32:29",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United States",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "An exception to this may be with **independent search engines that deploy their own crawlers**, such as with **Mojeek**, or **Brave Search**.",
      "## Brave Search \u2013 A search engine from the Brave browser"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Brave Search \u2013 A search engine from the Brave browser",
      "**Jurisdiction**: United States"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Germany",
     "type": "open source metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## MetaGer \u2013 An open source metasearch engine with good features",
      "MetaGer is an open source search engine (metasearch) based in Germany."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## MetaGer \u2013 An open source metasearch engine with good features",
      "This interesting project started in 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## MetaGer \u2013 An open source metasearch engine with good features",
      "**Jurisdiction**: Germany"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## MetaGer \u2013 An open source metasearch engine with good features",
      "MetaGer is an open source search engine (metasearch) based in Germany."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United Kingdom",
     "type": "crawler-based search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Mojeek \u2013 A crawler-based search engine with more privacy",
      "Unlike some of the other private (meta) search engines, [Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) is **true search engine with its own crawler**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Mojeek \u2013 A crawler-based search engine with more privacy",
      "**Jurisdiction**: United Kingdom"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Mojeek \u2013 A crawler-based search engine with more privacy",
      "Unlike some of the other private (meta) search engines, [Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) is **true search engine with its own crawler**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Switzerland",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Swisscows \u2013 A Switzerland-based private search engine (no adult content)",
      "[Swisscows](https://swisscows.com) is a Switzerland-based private search engine that does very well with privacy and security."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Swisscows \u2013 A Switzerland-based private search engine (no adult content)",
      "**Jurisdiction**: Switzerland"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Swisscows \u2013 A Switzerland-based private search engine (no adult content)",
      "[Swisscows](https://swisscows.com) is a Switzerland-based private search engine that does very well with privacy and security."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Qwant \u2013 A private search engine from France",
      "[Qwant](https://www.qwant.com) is a private search engine based in France."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Qwant \u2013 A private search engine from France",
      "**Jurisdiction**: France"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Qwant \u2013 A private search engine from France",
      "[Qwant](https://www.qwant.com) is a private search engine based in France."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United States",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## DuckDuckGo \u2013 Popular private search engine based in the US",
      "[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com) (a.k.a. DDG) is perhaps the most popular private search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## DuckDuckGo \u2013 Popular private search engine based in the US",
      "Based in the United States (not the ideal location from a privacy perspective), DDG was started by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## DuckDuckGo \u2013 Popular private search engine based in the US",
      "Based in the United States (not the ideal location from a privacy perspective), DDG was started by Gabriel Weinberg in 2008."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## DuckDuckGo \u2013 Popular private search engine based in the US",
      "[DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com) (a.k.a. DDG) is perhaps the most popular private search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Not applicable",
     "type": "decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## YaCy \u2013 The decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer search engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## YaCy \u2013 The decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer search engine"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## YaCy \u2013 The decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer search engine",
      "**Jurisdiction**: Not applicable. (Being a decentralized and open-source platform, YaCy does not appear to fall under any particular jurisdiction, similar to Searx.)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## YaCy \u2013 The decentralized, open source, peer-to-peer search engine"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Germany",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Ecosia \u2013 The search engine that plants trees",
      "[Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/) is a unique private search engine on our list in that it donates a portion of profits to charity and is strictly **focused on planting trees**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Ecosia \u2013 The search engine that plants trees",
      "It is based in Germany and claims to be a private search engine."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Ecosia \u2013 The search engine that plants trees",
      "[Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/) is a unique private search engine on our list in that it donates a portion of profits to charity and is strictly **focused on planting trees**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Yandex.com \u2013 A search engine in Russia"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Yandex.com \u2013 A search engine in Russia",
      "Operating in Russia, we need to point out that Yandex is legally obligated to censor search results."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Yandex.com \u2013 A search engine in Russia"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Netherlands",
     "type": "privacy-focused search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Startpage \u2013 Private search engine that gives Google and Bing search results",
      "Startpage is a privacy-focused search engine that is gaining recognition for its commitment to protecting user data."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Startpage \u2013 Private search engine that gives Google and Bing search results",
      "Established in 2006 in the Netherlands, Startpage provides search results from Google, which makes it an ideal choice for those who prefer Google\u2019s search results but aren\u2019t comfortable with their tracking practices."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Startpage \u2013 Private search engine that gives Google and Bing search results",
      "Established in 2006 in the Netherlands, Startpage provides search results from Google, which makes it an ideal choice for those who prefer Google\u2019s search results but aren\u2019t comfortable with their tracking practices."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# 10 Best Private Search Engines 2026 (Search Anonymously)",
      "## Startpage \u2013 Private search engine that gives Google and Bing search results",
      "Startpage is a privacy-focused search engine that is gaining recognition for its commitment to protecting user data."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://verifiedmarketreports.com/product/search-engine-market",
   "title": "Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast [2034]",
   "published_at": "2026-04-23T04:18:20",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo\uff01",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alibaba",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "360",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo\uff01,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "Early search engines like Yahoo and AltaVista laid the groundwork, but it was Google\u2019s innovative PageRank algorithm that revolutionized the industry, establishing a dominant paradigm that persists today."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engine Market Size, Industry Growth & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "Early search engines like Yahoo and AltaVista laid the groundwork, but it was Google\u2019s innovative PageRank algorithm that revolutionized the industry, establishing a dominant paradigm that persists today."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://factually.co/fact-checks/electronics-tech/best-private-search-engines-2026-kagi-mojeek-qwant-compared-915d5e",
   "title": "Best Private Search Engines 2026: Kagi, Mojeek, and Qw...",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "subscription product",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "If you want the best all-around private search in 2026 and are willing to pay, Kagi is the most polished option: users report strong relevancy and the specialist reviews rate it highly for speed and organization (but it\u2019s a subscription product) [[1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1k0tfth/qwant_is_a_great_google_search_engine_replacement/)[[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "If you want the best all-around private search in 2026 and are willing to pay, Kagi is the most polished option: users report strong relevancy and the specialist reviews rate it highly for speed and organization (but it\u2019s a subscription product) [[1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1k0tfth/qwant_is_a_great_google_search_engine_replacement/)[[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "If you prioritize a truly independent index and ideological purity over immediate result quality, Mojeek is the only one here with a long-standing independent crawl and strict anti-profiling stance, but many users find its results less comprehensive and slower to mature [[3]](https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/which-search-engine-is-the-most-private-google-bing-vs-brave-duckduckgo-startpage-mojeek/)[[4]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1ne1zsu/recommendations_for_a_solid_search_engine_without/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "European",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Qwant sits between those two: decent privacy and a European-focus with apps, but it uses Bing or hybrid metasearch for much of its index and can miss Google-like features such as Maps/business data [[3]](https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/which-search-engine-is-the-most-private-google-bing-vs-brave-duckduckgo-startpage-mojeek/)[[1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1k0tfth/qwant_is_a_great_google_search_engine_replacement/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Qwant sits between those two: decent privacy and a European-focus with apps, but it uses Bing or hybrid metasearch for much of its index and can miss Google-like features such as Maps/business data [[3]](https://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/which-search-engine-is-the-most-private-google-bing-vs-brave-duckduckgo-startpage-mojeek/)[[1]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1k0tfth/qwant_is_a_great_google_search_engine_replacement/)."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "If none of these fit, Brave Search (an independent index) and DuckDuckGo (privacy-focused but historically reliant on Bing for results) are commonly recommended alternatives in the degoogle community and on comparison lists [[6]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1pzo7vr/recommended_search_engines/)[[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "If none of these fit, Brave Search (an independent index) and DuckDuckGo (privacy-focused but historically reliant on Bing for results) are commonly recommended alternatives in the degoogle community and on comparison lists [[6]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1pzo7vr/recommended_search_engines/)[[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "If none of these fit, Brave Search (an independent index) and DuckDuckGo (privacy-focused but historically reliant on Bing for results) are commonly recommended alternatives in the degoogle community and on comparison lists [[6]](https://www.reddit.com/r/degoogle/comments/1pzo7vr/recommended_search_engines/)[[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearxNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "ad\u2011free metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "For ad\u2011free metasearch, self-hosted SearxNG instances offer configurable mixes of engines, which some privacy enthusiasts prefer [[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "For ad\u2011free metasearch, self-hosted SearxNG instances offer configurable mixes of engines, which some privacy enthusiasts prefer [[2]](https://greycoder.com/a-survey-of-important-search-engines-in-2022/)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/best_ai_search_engines",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2026-07-07T12:50:24",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines",
      "As of July 2026, the best [AI search](/wiki/ai_search) engine overall for research and citations is [Perplexity](/wiki/perplexity), which runs its own web index and answers every query with numbered source links."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## The verdict: best AI search engine by use case",
      "| Use case | Best pick | Runner-up |",
      "| Developers and coding | [Phind](/wiki/phind) + Sonar / Brave / You.com APIs | Exa / Tavily |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Summary comparison table",
      "| Engine | Company | Underlying model(s) | Search index | Free tier | Paid from (USD/mo) |",
      "| [Microsoft Copilot](/wiki/microsoft_copilot) | [Microsoft](/wiki/microsoft) | OpenAI GPT + in-house MAI family [15] | Bing index [14] | Yes, incl. Think Deeper [15] | Copilot Pro $20 |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Genspark",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Honorable mentions"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
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     "end_year": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Honorable mentions"
     ],
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   "url": "https://techengage.com/best-search-engines-for-secure-browsing",
   "title": "Best Private Search Engines 2026: 10 Secure Alternatives to Google - TechEngage",
   "published_at": "2020-08-12T18:30:00",
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      "Mojeek"
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     "engine": "Qwant",
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     "engine": "Ecosia",
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo.by",
   "title": "Yahoo",
   "published_at": "2026-08-23T12:03:57",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo Search",
     "launch_year": "1995",
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     "status": null,
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
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     ],
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
      "Like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal, pitching itself against Excite, Lycos, and America Online.",
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
      "In 1998, Yahoo replaced AltaVista as the crawler-based search engine underlying the Directory with Inktomi."
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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      "Yahoo ( / \u02c8 j \u0251\u02d0 h u\u02d0 / \u24d8) is an American web portal based in Sunnyvale, California.",
      "The company had two failed attempts to acquire Google; in 1998, Larry Page and Sergey Brin approached Yahoo to sell their nascent search engine for $1 million, but Yahoo declined the offer."
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    }
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  {
   "url": "https://enplugged.com/best-ai-search-engines-2026",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 7 Options Compared Honestly",
   "published_at": "2026-07-19T17:00:00",
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      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Perplexity | Native AI search | Yes, generous | Cited answers, research threads | Occasional citation-claim mismatch |"
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      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Perplexity | Native AI search | Yes, generous | Cited answers, research threads | Occasional citation-claim mismatch |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
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     "type": "Assistant with search",
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      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Assistant with search | Yes | Search plus action in one place | Slower; not always search-first |"
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Assistant with search | Yes | Search plus action in one place | Slower; not always search-first |"
     ]
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      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Google AI Mode | Search with AI | Yes | Freshness, breadth, local queries | Ads and ecosystem incentives |"
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Google AI Mode | Search with AI | Yes | Freshness, breadth, local queries | Ads and ecosystem incentives |"
     ]
    },
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Assistant with search | Yes | Microsoft 365 integration | Weakest standalone case |"
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Assistant with search | Yes | Microsoft 365 integration | Weakest standalone case |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
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     "status": null,
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     "type": "Independent index + AI",
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      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 7 Options Compared Honestly",
      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Brave Search | Independent index + AI | Yes | Privacy with decent AI answers | Smaller index depth |"
     ],
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Brave Search | Independent index + AI | Yes | Privacy with decent AI answers | Smaller index depth |"
     ]
    },
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     "status": null,
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     "type": "Paid search + AI",
     "engine_evidence": [
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Kagi | Paid search + AI | Trial only | Ad-free quality, user control | Costs money; niche |"
     ],
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Kagi | Paid search + AI | Trial only | Ad-free quality, user control | Costs money; niche |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
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     "status": null,
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     "type": "Assistant with search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 7 Options Compared Honestly",
      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Grok | Assistant with search | Limited | Real-time X/social pulse | Accuracy and tone inconsistency |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
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      "The contenders at a glance",
      "| Engine | Type | Free tier | Best at | Watch out for |",
      "| Grok | Assistant with search | Limited | Real-time X/social pulse | Accuracy and tone inconsistency |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://invasion24.com/top-search-engines-2026",
   "title": "Top Global Search Engines 2026: Market Shares & Trends",
   "published_at": "2026-01-23T06:38:17",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
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     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Worldwide",
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Google** still commands the vast majority of global market share, fueled by deep SERP features and AI-assisted relevance.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Google | 89.73% | Worldwide | Optimize for SERP features, structured data, and brand demand capture. |"
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Google | 89.73% | Worldwide | Optimize for SERP features, structured data, and brand demand capture. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "US and many international markets",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Bing** continues to grow modestly, with AI interfaces and richer media search helping it win incremental search traffic.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Microsoft Bing | 3.98% | US and many international markets | Leverage multimedia, entity signals, and AI-friendly clarity for citations. |"
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Microsoft Bing | 3.98% | US and many international markets | Leverage multimedia, entity signals, and AI-friendly clarity for citations. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia/CIS; some global expansion",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "**Yandex** is listed near **2.55%** at the global level, while **Yahoo Search** holds around **1.29%** and largely relies on Bing\u2019s underlying technology.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Yandex | 2.55% | Russia/CIS; some global expansion | Local relevance, language nuance, and regional link ecosystems matter. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Yandex | 2.55% | Russia/CIS; some global expansion | Local relevance, language nuance, and regional link ecosystems matter. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo Search",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "US/global legacy usage",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "**Yandex** is listed near **2.55%** at the global level, while **Yahoo Search** holds around **1.29%** and largely relies on Bing\u2019s underlying technology.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Yahoo Search | 1.29% | US/global legacy usage | Often follows Bing ranking patterns; treat as a distribution channel. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Yahoo Search | 1.29% | US/global legacy usage | Often follows Bing ranking patterns; treat as a distribution channel. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Regional leaders** (Baidu, Yandex, Naver, Seznam) remain decisive in their home markets, shaping local SEO trends.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Baidu | 0.81% global / 60.87% China | China | China-first hosting, compliance, and ecosystem presence are essential. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Baidu | 0.81% global / 60.87% China | China | China-first hosting, compliance, and ecosystem presence are essential. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
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     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "US/EU privacy audiences",
     "type": "Privacy-led option",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Privacy-led options** like DuckDuckGo keep a smaller but durable niche, especially in parts of the US and EU.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | 0.58% | US/EU privacy audiences | Win by trust signals and content that answers questions directly. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | 0.58% | US/EU privacy audiences | Win by trust signals and content that answers questions directly. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Privacy-led options** like DuckDuckGo keep a smaller but durable niche, especially in parts of the US and EU."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": "legacy",
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     "type": "legacy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "legacy",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "legacy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Czech Republic",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "Smaller legacy or local platforms\u2014Ask.com (**0.15%**), AOL Search (**0.06%**), and Seznam (**0.04%**)\u2014round out a \u201ctop ten\u201d view where the long tail matters in specific countries and demographics.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Seznam | 0.04% | Czech Republic | Local language optimization and Czech directory-style behavior helps. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Seznam | 0.04% | Czech Republic | Local language optimization and Czech directory-style behavior helps. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "- **Regional leaders** (Baidu, Yandex, Naver, Seznam) remain decisive in their home markets, shaping local SEO trends.",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Naver | Not top globally; leading in Korea | South Korea | Blend content and platform participation (blogs, shopping, news). |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Top Search Engines Globally 2026: Market Share and Usage Trends",
      "| Search engine | Approx. global market share | Regional strength | Practical implication for SEO and digital marketing |",
      "| Naver | Not top globally; leading in Korea | South Korea | Blend content and platform participation (blogs, shopping, news). |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://katinamagazine.org/content/article/resource-advisor/2026/how-is-ai-transforming-academic-search",
   "title": "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
   "published_at": "2026-08-21T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Web of Science Smart Search",
     "launch_year": "2025",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "Aaron Tay guides us through the ongoing shakeup of the academic search market by AI with this comprehensive analysis of Web of Science Smart Search, Google Scholar\u2019s Scholar Labs, and Consensus.",
      "| **Feature** | **Web of Science (WoS) Smart Search** | **Scholar Labs by Google Scholar** | **Consensus** |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "Smart Search was publicly launched as an opt-in feature on April 24, 2025 (Osagie, 2025a) and became the default Web of Science search experience on July 31, 2025, while still allowing users to opt out.",
      "| **Public launch** | April 2025 (Osagie, 2025a) | November 2025 (Google, 2025a) | September 2022 (Consensus, 2023) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scholar Labs",
     "launch_year": "2025",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "Aaron Tay guides us through the ongoing shakeup of the academic search market by AI with this comprehensive analysis of Web of Science Smart Search, Google Scholar\u2019s Scholar Labs, and Consensus.",
      "| **Feature** | **Web of Science (WoS) Smart Search** | **Scholar Labs by Google Scholar** | **Consensus** |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "On November 18, 2025, the same day Google launched Gemini 3 (Pichai et al., 2025), the Google Scholar team quietly launched Scholar Labs (Google, 2025a).",
      "| **Public launch** | April 2025 (Osagie, 2025a) | November 2025 (Google, 2025a) | September 2022 (Consensus, 2023) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Consensus",
     "launch_year": "2022",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "Aaron Tay guides us through the ongoing shakeup of the academic search market by AI with this comprehensive analysis of Web of Science Smart Search, Google Scholar\u2019s Scholar Labs, and Consensus.",
      "| **Feature** | **Web of Science (WoS) Smart Search** | **Scholar Labs by Google Scholar** | **Consensus** |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "How Is AI Transforming Academic Search?",
      "The start-up Consensus launched a public search engine in September 2022 (Consensus, 2023), two months before the launch of ChatGPT.",
      "| **Public launch** | April 2025 (Osagie, 2025a) | November 2025 (Google, 2025a) | September 2022 (Consensus, 2023) |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aipresso.io/reviews/best-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2026-08-04T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "The best AI search engine in 2026 is **Perplexity** for most researchers and knowledge workers, because it pairs fast, current answers with the clearest, most clickable citations of anything here."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**ChatGPT Search** is the pick if you already live inside ChatGPT and want reasoning plus follow-ups, **Google's AI Mode** wins on freshness and sheer index size, and **Kagi** is worth paying for if privacy and raw result quality matter more than a free tier."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google's AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**ChatGPT Search** is the pick if you already live inside ChatGPT and want reasoning plus follow-ups, **Google's AI Mode** wins on freshness and sheer index size, and **Kagi** is worth paying for if privacy and raw result quality matter more than a free tier."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**ChatGPT Search** is the pick if you already live inside ChatGPT and want reasoning plus follow-ups, **Google's AI Mode** wins on freshness and sheer index size, and **Kagi** is worth paying for if privacy and raw result quality matter more than a free tier."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "2026",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**Phind** shut down in January 2026, and **You.com** wound down its consumer search to focus on enterprise research agents, so neither belongs on a list you can actually use today."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**Phind** shut down in January 2026, and **You.com** wound down its consumer search to focus on enterprise research agents, so neither belongs on a list you can actually use today."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**Phind** shut down in January 2026, and **You.com** wound down its consumer search to focus on enterprise research agents, so neither belongs on a list you can actually use today."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "wound down its consumer search",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**Phind** shut down in January 2026, and **You.com** wound down its consumer search to focus on enterprise research agents, so neither belongs on a list you can actually use today."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "**Phind** shut down in January 2026, and **You.com** wound down its consumer search to focus on enterprise research agents, so neither belongs on a list you can actually use today."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Gemini / AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "[Visit Google Gemini / AI Mode \u2192](https://gemini.google.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search / Leo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "[Visit Brave Search / Leo \u2192](https://search.brave.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "[Visit Grok \u2192](https://grok.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "[Visit Andi \u2192](https://andisearch.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://serpsculpt.com/search-engine-statistics-by-country",
   "title": "Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report] \ud83c\udf0d",
   "published_at": "2026-05-08T09:38:27",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| Google | 89.85% | 82.94% | 95.17% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| Bing | 5.13% | 10.75% | 0.70% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| Yahoo! | 1.48% | 2.62% | 0.54% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| Yandex | 1.30% | 1.62% | 1.15% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| DuckDuckGo | 0.75% | 0.81% | 0.72% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Search Engine Market Share (2026)**",
      "| **Search Engine** | **All Devices** | **Desktop** | **Mobile** |",
      "| Baidu | 0.53% | 0.31% | 0.73% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Haosou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "China",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| China | Baidu | 44.62% | Bing 22.55% | Haosou 18.27%, Sogou 2.08% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| South Korea | Google* | 47.31% | Naver 42.47% | Bing 6.14%, Daum 1.36% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| South Korea | Google* | 47.31% | Naver 42.47% | Bing 6.14%, Daum 1.36% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| South Korea | Google* | 47.31% | Naver 42.47% | Bing 6.14%, Daum 1.36% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| South Korea | Google* | 47.31% | Naver 42.47% | Bing 6.14%, Daum 1.36% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| South Korea | Google* | 47.31% | Naver 42.47% | Bing 6.14%, Daum 1.36% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mail.ru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russia",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Russia | Yandex | 72.69% | Google 25.93% | Mail.ru 0.34% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Russia | Yandex | 72.69% | Google 25.93% | Mail.ru 0.34% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Russia | Yandex | 72.69% | Google 25.93% | Mail.ru 0.34% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Germany",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Germany | Google | 80.05% | Bing 9.99% | Yandex 2.87%, Ecosia 1.71% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Germany | Google | 80.05% | Bing 9.99% | Yandex 2.87%, Ecosia 1.71% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Germany | Google | 80.05% | Bing 9.99% | Yandex 2.87%, Ecosia 1.71% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| France | Google | 86.80% | Bing 6.28% | Ecosia 1.47%, Qwant 1.02% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| France | Google | 86.80% | Bing 6.28% | Ecosia 1.47%, Qwant 1.02% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| France | Google | 86.80% | Bing 6.28% | Ecosia 1.47%, Qwant 1.02% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Czech Republic",
     "type": "Local Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Czech Republic | Google | 80.95% | Seznam 12.30% | Bing 4.70% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Czech Republic | Google | 80.95% | Seznam 12.30% | Bing 4.70% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Top 13 Markets: Country-by-Country Breakdown**",
      "| **Country** | **Leader** | **Leader %** | **Runner-up** | **Notable Local Engine** |",
      "| Czech Republic | Google | 80.95% | Seznam 12.30% | Bing 4.70% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Coc Coc",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Vietnam",
     "type": "Other Local",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| Vietnam | 93.11% | 0.77% | Coc Coc 5.34%, Yahoo! 0.62% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| Vietnam | 93.11% | 0.77% | Coc Coc 5.34%, Yahoo! 0.62% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| Vietnam | 93.11% | 0.77% | Coc Coc 5.34%, Yahoo! 0.62% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Petal",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "South Africa",
     "type": "Other Local",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| South Africa | 91.19% | 7.82% | Yahoo! 0.33%, Petal 0.33% |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| South Africa | 91.19% | 7.82% | Yahoo! 0.33%, Petal 0.33% |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **Global Reference Table: 27 Countries**",
      "| **Country** | **Google** | **Bing** | **Other Local** |",
      "| South Africa | 91.19% | 7.82% | Yahoo! 0.33%, Petal 0.33% |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "### **United States**",
      "The US is also where AI search referrals are most concentrated \u2014 ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini collectively send a meaningful share of transactional traffic that StatCounter does not measure as classical search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **AI Search and the Redistribution of the Other 10%**",
      "AI search assistants (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude) collectively sent approximately 0.9% of web referral traffic in early 2026 according to Similarweb \u2014 a 5x increase year-over-year."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "### **United States**",
      "The US is also where AI search referrals are most concentrated \u2014 ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini collectively send a meaningful share of transactional traffic that StatCounter does not measure as classical search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **AI Search and the Redistribution of the Other 10%**",
      "AI search assistants (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude) collectively sent approximately 0.9% of web referral traffic in early 2026 according to Similarweb \u2014 a 5x increase year-over-year."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "### **United States**",
      "The US is also where AI search referrals are most concentrated \u2014 ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini collectively send a meaningful share of transactional traffic that StatCounter does not measure as classical search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **AI Search and the Redistribution of the Other 10%**",
      "AI search assistants (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude) collectively sent approximately 0.9% of web referral traffic in early 2026 according to Similarweb \u2014 a 5x increase year-over-year."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Claude",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **AI Search and the Redistribution of the Other 10%**",
      "AI search assistants (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude) collectively sent approximately 0.9% of web referral traffic in early 2026 according to Similarweb \u2014 a 5x increase year-over-year."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Statistics by Country [2026 report]",
      "## **AI Search and the Redistribution of the Other 10%**",
      "AI search assistants (ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini, Claude) collectively sent approximately 0.9% of web referral traffic in early 2026 according to Similarweb \u2014 a 5x increase year-over-year."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2308.15309v3",
   "title": "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
   "published_at": "2023-09-26T01:43:56",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "StartPage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "data-harvesting",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "data-harvesting",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the Privacy Risks of Popular Search Engine Advertising Systems",
      "We propose an automated methodology to\nstudy the impact of clicking on search ads on three pop-\nular private search engines which have advertising-based\nbusiness models: StartPage, Qwant, and DuckDuckGo, and\nwe compare them to two dominant data-harvesting ones:\nGoogle and Bing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "2\nBACKGROUND",
      "2.1\nPrivate search engines",
      "Private search engines can either build their\nown independent search indexes or use big tech search en-\ngines like Bing, Google, or Yahoo to provide search results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://slideserve.com/tehya/what-is-a-search-engine",
   "title": "What is a Search Engine? - SlideServe",
   "published_at": "2014-07-13T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# What is a Search Engine?",
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline - . Lycos (active)- Featured qord matching & word proximity."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# What is a Search Engine?",
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline - . Lycos (active)- Featured qord matching & word proximity."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jumpstation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "1st WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching)",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jumpstation (inactive) - 1st WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jumpstation (inactive) - 1st WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching)."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jumpstation (inactive) - 1st WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "inactive",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "AltaVista (inactive) - 1st to provide natural language queries, had search tips & allowed users to add/remove an URL within 24hrs of publication."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "AltaVista (inactive) - 1st to provide natural language queries, had search tips & allowed users to add/remove an URL within 24hrs of publication."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ARCHIE",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "1995",
     "status": "retired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "1st search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "ARCHIE- 1st search engine (retired in 1995)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "ARCHIE- 1st search engine (retired in 1995)."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "ARCHIE- 1st search engine (retired in 1995)."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "ARCHIE- 1st search engine (retired in 1995)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3catalog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "1996",
     "status": "retired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "W3catalog (retired in 1996) - Mirrorred web pages reformatting contents into individual entries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "W3catalog (retired in 1996) - Mirrorred web pages reformatting contents into individual entries."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "W3catalog (retired in 1996) - Mirrorred web pages reformatting contents into individual entries."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Major \"dotcom\" portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Excite (active) - Major \"dotcom\" portals in 1990s."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Excite (active) - Major \"dotcom\" portals in 1990s."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Excite (active) - Major \"dotcom\" portals in 1990s."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Daum",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": "South Korea",
     "type": "Popular web portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Daum (active) - Popular web portal in South Korea."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Daum (active) - Popular web portal in South Korea."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Daum (active) - Popular web portal in South Korea."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Daum (active) - Popular web portal in South Korea."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AliWeb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "1994",
     "status": "retired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "AliWeb (retired in 1994)- Allowed user to submit pages they wanted along with a description."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "AliWeb (retired in 1994)- Allowed user to submit pages they wanted along with a description."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "AliWeb (retired in 1994)- Allowed user to submit pages they wanted along with a description."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead - Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "1994",
     "status": "retired",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jughead - Veronica (retired in 1994)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jughead - Veronica (retired in 1994)."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Jughead - Veronica (retired in 1994)."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "collection of webpages (directory), then evolved into a search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Yahoo (active) - Began as a collection of webpages (directory), then evolved into a search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Evolution of Search Engine - A Timeline -",
      "Yahoo (active) - Began as a collection of webpages (directory), then evolved into a search engine."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
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      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
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      "| JumpStation | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
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      "| 1993 | Aliweb | Launch |",
      "| JumpStation | Launch | |"
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
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      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |"
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    },
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
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      "| Infoseek | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
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      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |",
      "| Infoseek | Launch | |"
     ],
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Lycos | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1994 | WebCrawler | Launch |",
      "| Lycos | Launch | |"
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |"
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     "engine": "Open Text Web Index",
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     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Open Text Web Index | Launch[[1]](http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16636341.html) | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
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      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |",
      "| Open Text Web Index | Launch[[1]](http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16636341.html) | |"
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Magellan | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |",
      "| Magellan | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Excite | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |",
      "| Excite | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SAPO",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| SAPO | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1995 | AltaVista | Launch |",
      "| SAPO | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Inktomi | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |",
      "| Inktomi | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| HotBot | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |",
      "| HotBot | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1996 | Dogpile | Launch |",
      "| Ask Jeeves | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | Northern Light | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | Northern Light | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Yandex | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1997 | Northern Light | Launch |",
      "| Yandex | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1998 | Google | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| GenieKnows | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |",
      "| GenieKnows | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Naver | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |",
      "| Naver | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Teoma | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |",
      "| Teoma | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Vivisimo | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 1999 | AlltheWeb | Launch |",
      "| Vivisimo | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | Baidu | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2000 | Baidu | Founded |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Info.com",
     "launch_year": "2003",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | Info.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2003 | Info.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "A9.com",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| A9.com | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |",
      "| A9.com | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Sogou | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2004 | Yahoo! Search | Final launch |",
      "| Sogou | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |\n| Ask.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |\n| Ask.com | Launch |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| GoodSearch | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2005 | MSN Search | Final launch |\n| Ask.com | Launch |",
      "| GoodSearch | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Quaero",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Quaero | Founded | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |",
      "| Quaero | Founded | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Live Search | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |",
      "| Live Search | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChaCha",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| ChaCha | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |",
      "| ChaCha | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Guruji.com",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Guruji.com | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2006 | wikiseek | Founded |",
      "| Guruji.com | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia Search",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |",
      "| Wikia Search | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle.com",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |",
      "| Blackle.com | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2007 | wikiseek | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Viewzi | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| Viewzi | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Cuil | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| Cuil | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Boogami | Launched | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| Boogami | Launched | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| LeapFish | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| LeapFish | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Musu",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| Musu | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| Musu | Beta Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "VADLO",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| VADLO | Launch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Web search engine",
      "## [edit]History",
      "| Timeline (full list) | | |",
      "| Year | Engine | Event |",
      "| 2008 | Powerset | Launched |",
      "| VADLO | Launch | |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first tool used for searching on the (pre-web) Internet was Archie.[3]"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gopher",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than full-text copies of web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN/Google/Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "- INSIZ: Maximum size of webpages indexed by MSN/Google/Yahoo! (\"100-kb limit\"): [Max Page-size](http://www.sitepoint.com/article/indexing-limits-where-bots-stop) (28-Apr-2006)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://verifiedmarketreports.com/product/search-engineing-market",
   "title": "Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
   "published_at": "2026-04-23T06:40:39",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo?",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alibaba",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "360",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **Key Players:** Google,Bing,Baidu,Yahoo?,Sogou,Yandex,Naver,Seznam,DuckDuckGo,Alibaba,360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "### Evolution Timeline of the Search Engineing Market",
      "Initially, the market emerged in the 1990s with the advent of rudimentary search engines like Archie and AltaVista, which indexed static web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "### Evolution Timeline of the Search Engineing Market",
      "Initially, the market emerged in the 1990s with the advent of rudimentary search engines like Archie and AltaVista, which indexed static web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Global Search Engineing Market Size, Growth Analysis & Forecast 2026-2034",
      "- **DuckDuckGo and Startpage:** Niche players emphasizing privacy, appealing to privacy-conscious users and enterprises seeking compliant solutions."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://publish.obsidian.md/xybre/permalink/f7a0a546-8aed-457e-89a1-97da15be3828",
   "title": "Internet Search Engines - Never Complete Only Abandoned - Obsidian Publish",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Indie index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Marginalia](https://marginalia-search.com/) | [[#Marginalia]] | **No** | Unique look and feel. Indie index. No slop. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Marginalia](https://marginalia-search.com/) | [[#Marginalia]] | **No** | Unique look and feel. Indie index. No slop. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still works",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) | [[#Mojeek]] | **No** | Been around for a long time, still works. No slop. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/) | [[#Mojeek]] | **No** | Been around for a long time, still works. No slop. |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Metacrawler",
     "launch_year": "2017",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still looks like 2002",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Metacrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/) | [[#Metacrawler]] | **No** | Rebooted in 2017, still looks like 2002. No slop. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Metacrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/) | [[#Metacrawler]] | **No** | Rebooted in 2017, still looks like 2002. No slop. |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Metacrawler](https://www.metacrawler.com/) | [[#Metacrawler]] | **No** | Rebooted in 2017, still looks like 2002. No slop. |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Google Search](https://google.com) | [[#Google]] | Yes | Maximum [[Generative AI\\|slopification]].<br><br>See also: [[Google\\|Google (organization)]] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google UDM=14",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "plain web search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Google UDM=14](https://www.google.com/search?udm=14) | [[#Google]] | No | An alternate official Google with plain web search (for now). |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Google UDM=14](https://www.google.com/search?udm=14) | [[#Google]] | No | An alternate official Google with plain web search (for now). |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Bing Search](https://bing.com) | [[#Bing]] | Yes | The official Bing site doesn't allow it's [[Generative AI\\|Slop]] features to be disabled at all, unlike most other portals.<br><br>See also: [[Microsoft]] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com) | [[#Bing]] | Yes | A fairly well known search engine that claims to prioritize privacy. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NoAI DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [NoAI DuckDuckGo](https://noai.duckduckgo.com) | [[#Bing]] | No | There is a `noai` subdomain which disables all slop. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Startpage](https://startpage.com) | [[#Bing]] | Opt-In? | I find Startpage to be slow and does not work well with the back button.<br><br>Doesn't seem to force slop into your searches but does provide it separately.<br><br>Claims to have much better privacy than DDG. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Europe",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/) | [[#Bing]] | Yes | Default in some parts of Europe. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Qwant](https://www.qwant.com/) | [[#Bing]] | Yes | Default in some parts of Europe. |"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Ecosia](https://www.ecosia.org/) | [[#Bing]] | Yes | Blocks ads but also serves its own ads whose proceeds supposedly go to charity.<br><br>Purports to be ecologically friendly and \"green\" yet integrates [[Generative AI\\|Slop]]. Kinda feels like a scam. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Kagi](https://kagi.com/)<br>**PAYWALLED** | [[#Kagi]] | Yes | You have to pay for the privilege of using Kagi. Includes [[Generative AI\\|Slop]]. By paying you are subsidizing slop even if you hide it for yourself.<br><br>It doesn't seem to be any better than any other search portal, ethically-speaking. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Portals Called \"portals\" because there is a many-to-many relationship between portals and [[#Indexes]].",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Yandex](https://yandex.com/) | [[#Yandex]] | Yes | Similar to default Google, it is now slop-first.<br><br>Similar to Bing there does not seem to be any way to disable it. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wiby",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Little indie web and niche site search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Wiby](https://wiby.me) | [[#Wiby]] | **No** | Little indie web and niche site search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Wiby](https://wiby.me) | [[#Wiby]] | **No** | Little indie web and niche site search. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Search My Site",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Ideally indie web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Search My Site](https://searchmysite.net) | [[#Search My Site]] | **No** | Ideally indie web, but results can be bought. Unique search results though. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Search My Site](https://searchmysite.net) | [[#Search My Site]] | **No** | Ideally indie web, but results can be bought. Unique search results though. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Clew",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Tiny indie index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Clew](https://clew.se/) | [[#Clew]] | **No** | Tiny indie index. Unsure of purpose. Not had a great experience. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Clew](https://clew.se/) | [[#Clew]] | **No** | Tiny indie index. Unsure of purpose. Not had a great experience. |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Args",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Specialty",
      "| Portal | Index | Slop | Info |",
      "| [Args](https://www.args.me/index.html) | [[#Args]] | **No** | Tries to find results that are PRO and CON a particular topic. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[SearXNG]] | https://searx.space | https://github.com/searxng/searxng | Supports searching dozens of sites at once[^6] but is not user-friendly to set up |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[SearXNG]] | https://searx.space | https://github.com/searxng/searxng | Supports searching dozens of sites at once[^6] but is not user-friendly to set up |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Degoog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Degoog]] | [Degoog Instances](https://github.com/degoog-org/degoog/blob/main/PUBLIC_INSTANCES.md) | https://github.com/fccview/degoog | Plugin-based architecture that does a lot of things besides just search aggregation[^7] |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Degoog]] | [Degoog Instances](https://github.com/degoog-org/degoog/blob/main/PUBLIC_INSTANCES.md) | https://github.com/fccview/degoog | Plugin-based architecture that does a lot of things besides just search aggregation[^7] |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LibreY",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[LibreY]] | [LibreY Instances](https://github.com/Ahwxorg/LibreY#instances) | https://github.com/Ahwxorg/LibreY | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[LibreY]] | [LibreY Instances](https://github.com/Ahwxorg/LibreY#instances) | https://github.com/Ahwxorg/LibreY | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Whoogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "discontinued",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Whoogle]] | [Whoogle Instances](https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search#public-instances) | https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search | (discontinued) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Whoogle]] | [Whoogle Instances](https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search#public-instances) | https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search | (discontinued) |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Whoogle]] | [Whoogle Instances](https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search#public-instances) | https://github.com/benbusby/whoogle-search | (discontinued) |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Omnisearch (aggregator)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Omnisearch (aggregator)]] | | https://git.bwaaa.monster/omnisearch | |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[Omnisearch (aggregator)]] | | https://git.bwaaa.monster/omnisearch | |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "4get (aggregator)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[4get (aggregator)]] | [4get Instances](https://4get.ca/instances)<br>(live checks) | https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get | Lots of ads in public instances! |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Self-Hostable Search Aggregators",
      "| Project | Public<br>Instances | Source | Info |",
      "| [[4get (aggregator)]] | [4get Instances](https://4get.ca/instances)<br>(live checks) | https://git.lolcat.ca/lolcat/4get | Lots of ads in public instances! |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "OpenOrb",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "offline",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### OpenOrb",
      "- [OpenOrb](https://openorb.idiot.sh/) (offline)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "### OpenOrb",
      "- [OpenOrb](https://openorb.idiot.sh/) (offline)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "2026",
     "status": "DEAD",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Stract",
      "- [Stract (archived)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260602100559/https://stract.com/) **DEAD 2026-06**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "### Stract",
      "- [Stract (archived)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260602100559/https://stract.com/) **DEAD 2026-06**"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "### Stract",
      "- [Stract (archived)](https://web.archive.org/web/20260602100559/https://stract.com/) **DEAD 2026-06**"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scour",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "webhost went kaput",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Scour",
      "Its webhost went kaput. No info past that. No source updates in 2 years either."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "### Scour",
      "Its webhost went kaput. No info past that. No source updates in 2 years either."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tools/search-engines",
   "title": "Recommended Private Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreemiumWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Brave Search](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/WTcxfIxVCCui-150x150.png)",
      "## [Brave Search](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/brave-search)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreemiumWebUnited States"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Startpage](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/QwCxniHTJxxe.png)",
      "## [Startpage](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/startpage)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeWebNetherlands"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![DuckDuckGo](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/zsv0IEmDeW5W.png)",
      "## [DuckDuckGo](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/duckduckgo)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeWebUnited States"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Mojeek](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/NDmBdyIPjPj4-150x150.png)",
      "## [Mojeek](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/mojeek)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeWebUnited Kingdom"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeOpen SourceWebSelf-hosted",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![SearXNG](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/wUaAEM4Rn9Qd.png)",
      "## [SearXNG](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/searxng)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeOpen SourceWebSelf-hosted"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Qwant](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/JGjVPLrh1Zwq-150x150.png)",
      "## [Qwant](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/qwant)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeWebFrance"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreeWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Presearch](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/CR1e2VCzkVl0-150x150.png)",
      "## [Presearch](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/presearch)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreeWebCanada"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "FreemiumOpen SourceWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![MetaGer](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/r5JPz6xNo9ce-150x150.png)",
      "## [MetaGer](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/metager)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "FreemiumOpen SourceWebGermany"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "PaidAccepts CryptoWeb",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "![Kagi](https://media.reclaimthenet.org/2026/06/YuP4IDcwXGxa-150x150.png)",
      "## [Kagi](https://reclaimthenet.org/recommended-tool/kagi)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "How to choose a search engine",
      "PaidAccepts CryptoWebUnited States"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://warriorforum.com/search-engine-optimization/682509-list-search-engines.html",
   "title": "List of Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2026-05-15T10:44:17",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Chinese, Japanese",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This is a list of **search engines**, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "- Baidu (Chinese, Japanese)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "This is a list of **search engines**, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "- Baidu (Chinese, Japanese)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://geotoolbox.ai/blog/best-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
   "published_at": "2026-07-23T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Cited research",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Perplexity** | Cited research | Yes | Pro $20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Perplexity** | Cited research | Yes | Pro $20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "All-around assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **ChatGPT Search** | All-around assistant | Yes | Go $8/mo, Plus $20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **ChatGPT Search** | All-around assistant | Yes | Go $8/mo, Plus $20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode & Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Everyday, local, shopping",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Google AI Mode & Gemini** | Everyday, local, shopping | Yes (in Search) | Gemini AI Plus $4.99/mo | Partial | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Google AI Mode & Gemini** | Everyday, local, shopping | Yes (in Search) | Gemini AI Plus $4.99/mo | Partial | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Microsoft 365 users",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Microsoft Copilot** | Microsoft 365 users | Yes | Bundled in 365 Premium $19.99/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Microsoft Copilot** | Microsoft 365 users | Yes | Bundled in 365 Premium $19.99/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Claude",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Writing and analysis",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Claude** | Writing and analysis | Yes | Pro $20/mo | Yes (web on) | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Claude** | Writing and analysis | Yes | Pro $20/mo | Yes (web on) | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Real-time X and social",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Grok** | Real-time X and social | Yes | SuperGrok $30/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Grok** | Real-time X and social | Yes | SuperGrok $30/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy, free",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Brave Search** | Privacy, free | Yes | Premium $3/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Brave Search** | Privacy, free | Yes | Premium $3/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Paid, ad-free power use",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Kagi** | Paid, ad-free power use | Trial only | Starter $5/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **Kagi** | Paid, ad-free power use | Trial only | Starter $5/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multi-model workspace",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **You.com** | Multi-model workspace | Yes | Pro ~$20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "## The Best AI Search Engines at a Glance",
      "| Engine | Best for | Free tier | Paid (from) | Shows citations | Real-time web |",
      "| **You.com** | Multi-model workspace | Yes | Pro ~$20/mo | Yes | Yes |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DeepSeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "A few narrower picks fill specific gaps. **DeepSeek** offers strong free reasoning, but its data is processed in China, which is a non-starter for many companies."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Consensus",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Consensus** searches only peer-reviewed papers and shows where scientific agreement actually lies, making it the pick for academic work."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Phind** is tuned for developers and returns working code over prose."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mistral's Vibe",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "European",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Mistral's Vibe** (formerly Le Chat) is a capable European option with a privacy-friendly stance."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Mistral's Vibe** (formerly Le Chat) is a capable European option with a privacy-friendly stance."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Komo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Komo** and **Andi** both offer clean, ad-free, no-signup free search, and for privacy specifically, **DuckDuckGo's** assistant keeps prompts out of a tracking profile."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
      "### Also Worth Knowing",
      "**Komo** and **Andi** both offer clean, ad-free, no-signup free search, and for privacy specifically, **DuckDuckGo's** assistant keeps prompts out of a tracking profile."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://leemjaz.com/best-ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
   "published_at": "2026-06-09T19:03:13",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Cited research",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **1. Perplexity AI \u2014 Best for Cited Research**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **1. Perplexity AI \u2014 Best for Cited Research**",
      "| Perplexity AI | Cited research | Yes, with Pro limits | Inline numbered | Multi source crawl |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Daily search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **2. Google AI Mode \u2014 Best for Daily Search**",
      "| Google AI Mode | Daily search | Yes, free | Variable visibility | Google\u2019s index |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **2. Google AI Mode \u2014 Best for Daily Search**",
      "| Google AI Mode | Daily search | Yes, free | Variable visibility | Google\u2019s index |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Conversational",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **3. ChatGPT Search \u2014 Best for Conversational Research**",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational | Yes, free | Sidebar links | Bing\u2019s index |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **3. ChatGPT Search \u2014 Best for Conversational Research**",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational | Yes, free | Sidebar links | Bing\u2019s index |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Microsoft ecosystem",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **4. Microsoft Copilot \u2014 Best Free AI Search With Ecosystem Integration**",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Microsoft ecosystem | Yes, free | Footnote links | Bing\u2019s index |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **4. Microsoft Copilot \u2014 Best Free AI Search With Ecosystem Integration**",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Microsoft ecosystem | Yes, free | Footnote links | Bing\u2019s index |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Claude",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Long document analysis",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **5. Claude \u2014 Best for Long Document Analysis**",
      "| Claude | Long document analysis | Yes, with limits | In text references | Anthropic web search |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **5. Claude \u2014 Best for Long Document Analysis**",
      "| Claude | Long document analysis | Yes, with limits | In text references | Anthropic web search |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **6. Brave Search AI \u2014 Best for Privacy and Independent Index**",
      "| Brave Search AI | Privacy | Yes, free | Above source list | Brave\u2019s own index |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **6. Brave Search AI \u2014 Best for Privacy and Independent Index**",
      "| Brave Search AI | Privacy | Yes, free | Above source list | Brave\u2019s own index |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Casual visual answers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **7. Andi Search \u2014 Best for Visual Conversational Answers**",
      "| Andi Search | Casual visual answers | Yes, free | Source cards | Multi source |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **7. Andi Search \u2014 Best for Visual Conversational Answers**",
      "| Andi Search | Casual visual answers | Yes, free | Source cards | Multi source |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Felo Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multilingual Research",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **8. Felo Search \u2014 Best for Multilingual Research**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **8. Felo Search \u2014 Best for Multilingual Research**"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Felo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Multilingual",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "| Felo | Multilingual | Yes, with limits | Linked citations | Multi source |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "| Felo | Multilingual | Yes, with limits | Linked citations | Multi source |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Premium ad free",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **9. Kagi \u2014 Best Premium Ad Free Search**",
      "| Kagi | Premium ad free | No, paid only | Detailed sources | Multi source |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **9. Kagi \u2014 Best Premium Ad Free Search**",
      "| Kagi | Premium ad free | No, paid only | Detailed sources | Multi source |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google Workspace",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **10. Gemini \u2014 Best for Google Workspace Power Users**",
      "| Gemini | Google Workspace | Yes, free | Workspace integrated | Google\u2019s index |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: 10 Top Picks Ranked",
      "#### **10. Gemini \u2014 Best for Google Workspace Power Users**",
      "| Gemini | Google Workspace | Yes, free | Workspace integrated | Google\u2019s index |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://digdeeper.neocities.org/articles/search.xhtml",
   "title": "Search Engines - which one to choose?",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Wiby",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Introduction Most of us will use these every day (usually several times, in fact), so it's important to carefully consider your selection of choices.",
      "Aside from Wiby (which has very few searchable sites in it) and Mojeek, the search engines mentioned here depend on others for their results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Introduction Most of us will use these every day (usually several times, in fact), so it's important to carefully consider your selection of choices.",
      "Aside from Wiby (which has very few searchable sites in it) and Mojeek, the search engines mentioned here depend on others for their results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Introduction Most of us will use these every day (usually several times, in fact), so it's important to carefully consider your selection of choices.",
      "When you search through, say, Swisscows - the query is first sent to Swisscows, which forwards it to Bing, which then returns the result to Swisscows and finally to you."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearX",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "SearX allows you to choose the search engines used, and proxies your queries to them through itself."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "The level of support for different search engines can vary heavily."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Yandex is not able to be proxied by SearX, either."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Brave Search UPDATE: I don't want to call it \"decent\" anymore."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "That's in contrast to DuckDuckGo or Qwant, whose results are more in line with what you've actually typed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "That's in contrast to DuckDuckGo or Qwant, whose results are more in line with what you've actually typed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "StartPage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "StartPage A privacy-based proxy for Google search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "IxQuick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Interestingly, a long time ago StartPage used to run a search engine called IxQuick that used their own index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wiby.me",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Wiby.me An interesting new search engine dedicated to lean, personal, old-school websites."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "paid-only",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "MetaGer UPDATE September 2024:now paid-only."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "MetaGer UPDATE September 2024:now paid-only."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jive Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "DEAD",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Jive Search (DEAD) Another one with seemingly zero logging - we don't store your search terms, ip address nor information about your browser."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Jive Search (DEAD) Another one with seemingly zero logging - we don't store your search terms, ip address nor information about your browser."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Ecosia UPDATE June 2021: now Cloudflared, and therefore useless."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Oscobo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Oscobo UPDATE September 2022: can almost never get this to search anymore."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Discrete Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Discrete Search UPDATE March 2022: This trash doesn't work anymore in Pale Moon or Librewolf."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Gibiru Claims to be Protecting Your Privacy Since 2009 on its main page."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Gibiru Claims to be Protecting Your Privacy Since 2009 on its main page."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gigablast",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": "2023",
     "status": "Dead",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Gigablast UPDATE May 2023: Dead! Ugh."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Independent search engine, ran since the year 2000."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Gigablast UPDATE May 2023: Dead! Ugh."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Gigablast UPDATE May 2023: Dead! Ugh."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Peekier",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Peekier UPDATE May 2023: now redirects to Kagi Search that's paid and seems completely different, review maybe coming soon."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Presearch Some people have inquired about this, so I guess I have to write about it."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Right Dao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Right Dao Another search engine with its own index; if you're hopeful, don't be - it is bad."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "4get",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "4get UPDATE February 2024: 4get now has a custom-made captcha required to solve before you can search; and you get 100 searches per solution."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Freespoke",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "List of providers SearX UPDATE June 2022: rewritten.",
      "Freespoke Requested review."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v15i4.5799",
   "title": "History Of Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2011-09-12T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was Archie. ] The name stands for \"archive\" without the \"v\". It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The very first tool used for searching on the Internet was Archie. ] The name stands for \"archive\" without the \"v\". It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed yet for the web, though numerous specialized catalogues were maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series of Perl scripts that would periodically mirror these pages and rewrite them into a standard format which formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed yet for the web, though numerous specialized catalogues were maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series of Perl scripts that would periodically mirror these pages and rewrite them into a standard format which formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jump Station",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Jump Station (released in December 1993) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Jump Station (released in December 1993) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "One of the first \"full text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "One of the first \"full text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Excite first appeared at the end of 1995 and was one of a spate of launches by the new \u2017crawler' based search engines, sending out spiders to record websites and build a searchable indexothers from this time were AltaVista, Lycos, WebCrawler and Infoseek."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These included Magellan (search engine), Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "AltaVista was once one of the most popular search engines but its popularity waned with the rise of Google."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yahoo! was among the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than full-text copies of web pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Around 2000, Google's search engine rose to prominence."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Google -(1998)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "MetaCrawler improved on accuracy of Search Savvy with the addition of its own search syntax and behind the scenes, matching its syntax to that of the search engines it was probing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### MetaCrawler -(1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Dogpile began operation in November 1996."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Dogpile began operation in November 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "HotBot is one of the early Internet search engines and was launched in May 1996."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "HotBot is one of the early Internet search engines and was launched in May 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Ask Jeeves (Ask) was a search engine founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Ask Jeeves (Ask) was a search engine founded in 1996 by Garrett Gruener and David Warthen in Berkeley, California."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Teoma was an Internet search engine founded in 2000 by Professor Apostolos Gerasoulis and his colleagues at Rutgers University in New Jersey."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Teoma was an Internet search engine founded in 2000 by Professor Apostolos Gerasoulis and his colleagues at Rutgers University in New Jersey."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vivisimo",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Vivisimo is a privately held enterprise search software company in Pittsburgh that develops and sells software products to improve search on the web and in enterprises."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Vivisimo was founded in 2000 by a trio of computer science researchers at Carnegie Mellon University."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Chinese and Japanese search engine for websites, audio files, and images",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Baidu was incorporated on January 18, 2000, was a Chinese and Japanese search engine for websites, audio files, and images."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Baidu was incorporated on January 18, 2000, was a Chinese and Japanese search engine for websites, audio files, and images."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Baidu was incorporated on January 18, 2000, was a Chinese and Japanese search engine for websites, audio files, and images."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exalead",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Exalead was a French search engine founded in 2000 by Fran\u00e7ois Bourdoncle."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Exalead was a French search engine founded in 2000 by Fran\u00e7ois Bourdoncle."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! Search",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yahoo! Search is a web search engine, owned by Yahoo! Inc."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Yahoo! Search -(2004)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Chinese search engine which can search text, images, music, and maps",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Sogou was a Chinese search engine which can search text, images, music, and maps."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "It was launched 4 August 2004."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Sogou was a Chinese search engine which can search text, images, music, and maps."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "MSN Search was a search engine by Microsoft that comprised a search engine, index, and web crawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "MSN Search first launched in the third quarter of 1998 and used search results from Inktomi."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "GoodSearch",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "GoodSearch was a Yahoo-powered search engine that donates 50% of its revenue, about a penny per search, to listed American charities and schools designated by its users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "MSN Search & GoodSearch -(2005)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMe",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "visual search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SearchMe was a visual search engine based in Mountain View, California."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SearchMe was founded in March 2005 by Randy Adams and John Holland."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SearchMe was a visual search engine based in Mountain View, California."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikiseek",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Wikiseek was a search engine that indexed Wikipedia pages and pages that were linked to from Wikipedia articles."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The search engine was founded by Palo Alto and was officially launched on January 17, 2007."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Windows Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The first public beta of Windows Live Search was unveiled on March 8, 2006, with the final release on September 11, 2006 replacing MSN Search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The first public beta of Windows Live Search was unveiled on March 8, 2006, with the final release on September 11, 2006 replacing MSN Search."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Guruji",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Guruji is an Indian Internet search engine that is focused on providing better search results to Indian consumers, by leveraging proprietary algorithms and data in the Indian context."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Wikiseek, Guruji, Sproose And Blackle -(2006-2007)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wikia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "free and open-source Web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Wikia was a free and open-source Web search engine launched as part of Wikia (originally Wikicities) operated by Wikia, Inc."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Wikia was a free and open-source Web search engine launched as part of Wikia (originally Wikicities) operated by Wikia, Inc."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sproose",
     "launch_year": "2007",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "consumer search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Sproose is a consumer search engine launched in August 2007 by founder Bob Pack."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Sproose is a consumer search engine launched in August 2007 by founder Bob Pack."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Sproose is a consumer search engine launched in August 2007 by founder Bob Pack."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Blackle",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Blackle is a website powered by Google Custom Search, which aims to save energy by displaying a black background and using grayish-white font color for search results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Wikiseek, Guruji, Sproose And Blackle -(2006-2007)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Powerset",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Powerset was a company based in San Francisco, California that is developing a natural language search engine for the Internet."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Powerset, Picollator, Viewzi -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Picollator",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Picollator was an Internet search engine that \u00a9 2011 The Clute Institute performs search for web sites and multimedia by visual query (image) or text, or a combination of visual query and text."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Powerset, Picollator, Viewzi -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Viewzi",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Viewzi search engine lightens the data overload by filtering and grouping results into several distinct interfaces."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Powerset, Picollator, Viewzi -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Cuil is a search engine that organizes web pages by content and displays relatively long entries along with thumbnail pictures for many results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Cuil, LeapFish, Forestle, Valdo -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Boogami",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Boogami is a search engine that was developed by James Wildish, a sixteen year old college student from Kent in United Kingdom."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LeapFish",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "LeapFish is a search aggregator that retrieves results from other portals and search engines, including Google, Yahoo, Live Search, Blogs, and Videos etc."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Cuil, LeapFish, Forestle, Valdo -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Forestle",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Forestle is one of the ecologically inspired web search sites created by Christian Kroll, Wittenberg, Germany, in 2008."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Forestle is one of the ecologically inspired web search sites created by Christian Kroll, Wittenberg, Germany, in 2008."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Valdo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Valdo caters to life sciences and biomedical researchers, educators, students, clinicians and reference librarians."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Cuil, LeapFish, Forestle, Valdo -(2008)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Bing -(2009)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Bing -(2009)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sperse",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Sperse Search is a metasearch engine that searches multiple search engines like Yahoo!, Bing, along with its own database and displays aggregated results, while removing duplicate results for better accuracy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Sperse, Yebol, Goby -(2009-2010)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Sperse Search is a metasearch engine that searches multiple search engines like Yahoo!, Bing, along with its own database and displays aggregated results, while removing duplicate results for better accuracy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "vertical -decision\u2016 search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yebol is a vertical -decision\u2016 search engine that has developed a knowledge-based, semantic search platform."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### Sperse, Yebol, Goby -(2009-2010)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Yebol is a vertical -decision\u2016 search engine that has developed a knowledge-based, semantic search platform."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Goby",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "deep web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Goby is a deep web search engine which launched in September 2009."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Goby is a deep web search engine which launched in September 2009."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Goby is a deep web search engine which launched in September 2009."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://startrek.website/post/35757984/21487573",
   "title": "YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience - Star Trek Website",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Right Dao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "seems down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "seems defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent run indexes",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "GBY-Tangential Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lilo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "GBY-Tangential Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "See where search engines feed from",
      "GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://useluminary.ai/blog/best-search-engines-beyond-google",
   "title": "Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
   "published_at": "2026-07-21T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Luminary",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Exploration and Understanding Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 1. Luminary",
      "Best overall for: Search, browsing, learning, general explanations, deep exploration, visual understanding, documents, screenshots, images, videos, sources, quizzes, and curiosity.",
      "Luminary is the best search engine beyond Google in 2026, hands down."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 1. Luminary"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search inside a general-purpose AI assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 2. ChatGPT Search",
      "Best for: Search inside a general-purpose AI assistant, writing, coding, reasoning, brainstorming, planning, and productivity.",
      "ChatGPT Search is one of the most useful search experiences beyond Google because it brings web search into ChatGPT."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 2. ChatGPT Search",
      "Best for: Search inside a general-purpose AI assistant, writing, coding, reasoning, brainstorming, planning, and productivity."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "answer engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 3. Perplexity",
      "Best for: Quick cited answers, fast research, concise summaries, current information, and source-backed responses.",
      "Perplexity is one of the most recognizable AI search alternatives."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 3. Perplexity",
      "Perplexity is still mostly an answer engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "traditional web search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 4. Microsoft Bing and Microsoft Copilot",
      "Best for: Microsoft ecosystem users, traditional web search, workplace productivity, summaries, documents, and enterprise workflows."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 4. Microsoft Bing and Microsoft Copilot",
      "Best for: Microsoft ecosystem users, traditional web search, workplace productivity, summaries, documents, and enterprise workflows."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI assistance across Microsoft 365",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 4. Microsoft Bing and Microsoft Copilot",
      "Best for: Microsoft ecosystem users, traditional web search, workplace productivity, summaries, documents, and enterprise workflows."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 4. Microsoft Bing and Microsoft Copilot"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-focused search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 5. Brave Search",
      "Best for: Privacy-focused search, independent search, AI answers with references, and users who want a non-Google web search experience.",
      "Brave Search is one of the strongest non-Google search engines for people who care about privacy and independence."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 5. Brave Search",
      "Best for: Privacy-focused search, independent search, AI answers with references, and users who want a non-Google web search experience."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private traditional search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo",
      "Best for: Private traditional search, simple web search, users who want less tracking, and privacy-first browsing.",
      "DuckDuckGo is one of the best-known Google alternatives because of its privacy positioning."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo",
      "Best for: Private traditional search, simple web search, users who want less tracking, and privacy-first browsing."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "paid search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 7. Kagi",
      "Best for: Paid search, customizable results, ad-free browsing, high-control users, and people who want a premium search engine.",
      "Kagi is a premium search engine built around paid, ad-free search and user control."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 7. Kagi",
      "Best for: Paid search, customizable results, ad-free browsing, high-control users, and people who want a premium search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search workflows",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 8. You.com",
      "Best for: AI search workflows, search APIs, productivity-focused AI search, and users interested in AI-native search infrastructure.",
      "You.com has been an early player in AI search and now places significant emphasis on AI-ready web search and infrastructure for AI products."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google",
      "## The Best Search Engines Beyond Google in 2026",
      "### 8. You.com",
      "Best for: AI search workflows, search APIs, productivity-focused AI search, and users interested in AI-native search infrastructure."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines Beyond Google"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://cloudwards.net/search-engines-that-dont-track",
   "title": "Best Private Search Engines in 2026 [Privacy & Security]",
   "published_at": "2024-09-01T08:15:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "1. DuckDuckGo \u2014 Doesn\u2019t track you and uses keyword-based ads",
      "## 1. DuckDuckGo \u2014 Most Private Search Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 1. DuckDuckGo \u2014 Most Private Search Engine",
      "Years after its launch in 2008, [DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy) has finally become the go-to private search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 1. DuckDuckGo \u2014 Most Private Search Engine",
      "Years after its launch in 2008, [DuckDuckGo](https://duckduckgo.com/privacy) has finally become the go-to private search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "the Netherlands",
     "type": "search engine with an inbuilt encrypted proxy server",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "2. Startpage \u2014 Leaves your data alone and can access websites over an encrypted proxy",
      "## 2. Startpage \u2014 Search Engine With an Inbuilt Encrypted Proxy Server"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 2. Startpage \u2014 Search Engine With an Inbuilt Encrypted Proxy Server",
      "- Based in a Nine Eyes country (the Netherlands)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 2. Startpage \u2014 Search Engine With an Inbuilt Encrypted Proxy Server"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "environmentally friendly private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "3. Ecosia \u2014 Plants trees",
      "## 3. Ecosia \u2014 Most Environmentally Friendly Private Search Engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 3. Ecosia \u2014 Most Environmentally Friendly Private Search Engine"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "open-source metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "4. Searx \u2014 Is an open-source metasearch engine that can pull results from up to 70 search engines",
      "## 4. Searx \u2014 Best Private Search Engine With Metasearch Option"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "4. Searx \u2014 Is an open-source metasearch engine that can pull results from up to 70 search engines",
      "## 4. Searx \u2014 Best Private Search Engine With Metasearch Option"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "beta phase",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "non-tracking search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "5. Brave Search \u2014 Search privately for content from Brave\u2019s independent index",
      "## 5. Brave Search \u2014 Non-Tracking Search Engine With Its Own Private Browser"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 5. Brave Search \u2014 Non-Tracking Search Engine With Its Own Private Browser",
      "Functional but still in the beta phase, [Brave Search](https://brave.com/search/) delivers content almost entirely from its independent index while keeping its hands off your data."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 5. Brave Search \u2014 Non-Tracking Search Engine With Its Own Private Browser"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Switzerland",
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "6. Swisscows \u2014 Is Switzerland-based and outside the reach of E.U. and U.S. data legislation",
      "## 6. Swisscows (formerly Hulbee) \u2014 Private Search Engine Based in Switzerland"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "6. Swisscows \u2014 Is Switzerland-based and outside the reach of E.U. and U.S. data legislation",
      "## 6. Swisscows (formerly Hulbee) \u2014 Private Search Engine Based in Switzerland"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 6. Swisscows (formerly Hulbee) \u2014 Private Search Engine Based in Switzerland"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gibiru",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "7. Gibiru \u2014 Retrieves results from an uncensored index over an encrypted connection",
      "## 7. Gibiru \u2014 Private Search Engine With 256-bit AES Encrypted Connection"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "## 7. Gibiru \u2014 Private Search Engine With 256-bit AES Encrypted Connection"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "Most of the popular search engines \u2014 Google, Yahoo, Bing and others \u2014 not only collect your personally-identifying data but also share it with or sell it to third parties unknown to you."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines That Don\u2019t Track You in 2026: Security & Privacy For Your Search History",
      "Most of the popular search engines \u2014 Google, Yahoo, Bing and others \u2014 not only collect your personally-identifying data but also share it with or sell it to third parties unknown to you."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://piefed.blahaj.zone/post/588353",
   "title": "YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
   "published_at": "2026-02-18T13:21:10",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Right Dao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "[https://rightdao.com/](https://rightdao.com/) (seems down)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "[https://stract.com/](https://stract.com/) (seems defunct)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent run index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek.",
      "But\n when it comes to search engines, they argued in just September of 2025 that Generative AI is not\n the answer for search engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lilo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://openpr.com/news/2078303/search-engine-marketing-market-may-see-a-big-move-google-bing",
   "title": "Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
   "published_at": "2020-06-22T08:56:37",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alibaba",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "360",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Search Engine Marketing Market May See a Big Move |Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou",
      "Some of the major and emerging players in the Global Search Engine Marketing market are Google, Bing, Baidu, Yahoo, Sogou, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, DuckDuckGo, Alibaba & 360"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MyAllSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "robust search engine platform designed to prioritize user privacy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "[ MyAllSearch Search - Protects Your Search Privacy ]",
      "MyAllSearch Search is a robust search engine platform designed to prioritize user privacy and offer a secure, user-friendly experience."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "[ MyAllSearch Search - Protects Your Search Privacy ]",
      "MyAllSearch Search is a robust search engine platform designed to prioritize user privacy and offer a secure, user-friendly experience."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "INTERGATOR SMART SEARCH",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Enterprise Search based on neuronal networks",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "[ INTERGATOR SMART SEARCH - Enterprise Search based on neuronal networks ]",
      "INTERGATOR SMART SEARCH is a fundamental further development of INTERGATOR enterprise search on the basis of neural networks."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "[ INTERGATOR SMART SEARCH - Enterprise Search based on neuronal networks ]",
      "INTERGATOR SMART SEARCH is a fundamental further development of INTERGATOR enterprise search on the basis of neural networks."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mundu Search",
     "launch_year": "2010",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "all-in-one",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "[ Mundu Search. Search the world all-in-one. ]",
      "Users Want It All leads to Munax launching Mundu Search where you can search the world for Pages, Sounds, Videos, Lyrics and Music."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "[ Mundu Search. Search the world all-in-one. ]",
      "October 22, 2010 UTC \u2013 After a long time of development, followed by the praising from the beta testers, Munax today announced the launch of their new all-in-one\u2026"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "[ Mundu Search. Search the world all-in-one. ]",
      "Users Want It All leads to Munax launching Mundu Search where you can search the world for Pages, Sounds, Videos, Lyrics and Music."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://pcworld.com/article/205185/20_years_of_internet_search.html",
   "title": "Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2010-09-09T04:03:38",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for FTP sites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Here are some of the landmarks, from Archie to AltaVista to Google and Bing.",
      "Archie Arrives (September 10, 1990) Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and J. Peter Deutsch wrote Archie (short for \"archive\") in 1990 while attending Montreal's McGill University."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Archie Arrives (September 10, 1990) Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan, and J. Peter Deutsch wrote Archie (short for \"archive\") in 1990 while attending Montreal's McGill University."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "In the era before the World Wide Web, Archie served as a search engine for FTP sites around the globe."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Gopher search tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Veronica (1992)",
      "Veronica (1992)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Veronica (1992)",
      "Veronica (1992)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Veronica (1992) For a brief time in the early 1990s, the Gopher protocol overshadowed the World Wide Web in popularity."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "faded into obscurity",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine created specifically for the World Wide Web",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: ALIWEB (1993)",
      "ALIWEB (1993)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: ALIWEB (1993)",
      "ALIWEB (1993)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "ALIWEB (1993) ALIWEB (Archie-Like Indexing for the WEB) was the first search engine created specifically for the World Wide Web.",
      "Few people did so, however, and ALIWEB quickly faded into obscurity."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "ALIWEB (1993) ALIWEB (Archie-Like Indexing for the WEB) was the first search engine created specifically for the World Wide Web."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "EINet Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "manually populated Web catalog with a search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: EINet Galaxy (1994)",
      "EINet Galaxy (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: EINet Galaxy (1994)",
      "EINet Galaxy (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "EINet Galaxy (1994) Galaxy was one of the first manually populated (versus automatically crawled) Web catalogs with a search engine, recorded here in a screenshot from the days before HTML supported background colors."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "living destination / active portal",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-curated catalog of links to sites around the Web / general Web destination",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Yahoo (1994)",
      "Yahoo (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Yahoo (1994)",
      "Yahoo (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Yahoo (1994) Yahoo began as a human-curated catalog of links to sites around the Web."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine that actively sought out new and changing Websites by \"crawling\" from link to link",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: WebCrawler (1994)",
      "WebCrawler (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: WebCrawler (1994)",
      "WebCrawler (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "WebCrawler (1994) WebCrawler was one of the first search engines that actively sought out new and changing Websites by \"crawling\" from link to link between sites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "remains one of the more influential Web media companies on the Net",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "research project / stand-alone site / portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Lycos (1994)",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Lycos (1994)",
      "Lycos (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Lycos (1994) Michael Loren Mauldin created Lycos as a research project at Carnegie Mellon University in 1994.",
      "Today it remains one of the more influential Web media companies on the Net."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Lycos (1994) Michael Loren Mauldin created Lycos as a research project at Carnegie Mellon University in 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "popularity subsequently faded",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "comprehensive, searchable directory of Websites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Infoseek (1995)",
      "Infoseek (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Infoseek (1995)",
      "Infoseek (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Infoseek (1995) Infoseek was yet another attempt to provide a comprehensive, searchable directory of Websites.",
      "Its popularity subsequently faded in the face of competitors like Yahoo, AltaVista, and (later) Google."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Infoseek (1995) Infoseek was yet another attempt to provide a comprehensive, searchable directory of Websites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Website to allow users to search multiple Web indexes simultaneously",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: MetaCrawler (1995)",
      "MetaCrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: MetaCrawler (1995)",
      "MetaCrawler (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "MetaCrawler (1995) MetaCrawler was one of the first Websites to allow users to search multiple Web indexes simultaneously.",
      "MetaCrawler still exists, though the search sites it draws from have changed over the years."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "MetaCrawler (1995) MetaCrawler was one of the first Websites to allow users to search multiple Web indexes simultaneously."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "still hanging on today as a living relic of the mid-1990s",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Website directory and portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Excite (1995)",
      "Excite (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Excite (1995)",
      "Excite (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Excite (1995) Excite began as a Website directory and portal that, though popular for a time and backed by enormous venture-capital interests, never achieved a commanding presence in the online world.",
      "It's still hanging on today as a living relic of the mid-1990s."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Excite (1995) Excite began as a Website directory and portal that, though popular for a time and backed by enormous venture-capital interests, never achieved a commanding presence in the online world."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search project / Web-crawling search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: AltaVista (1995)",
      "AltaVista (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: AltaVista (1995)",
      "AltaVista (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "AltaVista (1995) AltaVista began as a Web search project of Digital Equipment Corporation."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "persists today as a front end for other Web search engines",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: HotBot (1996)",
      "HotBot (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: HotBot (1996)",
      "HotBot (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "HotBot (1996) As a search service from Wired Digital (sister of Wired Magazine), HotBot went hand in hand with other Wired properties like HotWired and Wired News.",
      "Later, Lycos acquired it, and HotBot persists today as a front end for other Web search engines."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "HotBot (1996) As a search service from Wired Digital (sister of Wired Magazine), HotBot went hand in hand with other Wired properties like HotWired and Wired News."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active (renamed to Ask.com)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "natural language search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Ask Jeeves (1996)",
      "Ask Jeeves (1996)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Ask Jeeves (1996)",
      "Ask Jeeves (1996)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Ask Jeeves (1996) Ask Jeeves encouraged users to search the Web using queries phrased in natural language, such as \"How many readers does PC World have?\"",
      "In 2006, Ask Jeeves dropped the \"Jeeves\" part of its name and became Ask.com."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Ask Jeeves (1996) Ask Jeeves encouraged users to search the Web using queries phrased in natural language, such as \"How many readers does PC World have?\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": "2002",
     "status": "closed down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "alternative search site with a large index of Websites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Northern Light (1997)",
      "Northern Light (1997)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Northern Light (1997)",
      "Northern Light (1997)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Northern Light (1997) Northern Light emerged in 1997 as a stylishly designed alternative to sites like AltaVista, and it gained quickly praise for its large index of Websites.",
      "Northern Light's public search site closed down in 2002 after its parent company changed hands."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Northern Light (1997) Northern Light emerged in 1997 as a stylishly designed alternative to sites like AltaVista, and it gained quickly praise for its large index of Websites.",
      "Northern Light's public search site closed down in 2002 after its parent company changed hands."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Northern Light (1997) Northern Light emerged in 1997 as a stylishly designed alternative to sites like AltaVista, and it gained quickly praise for its large index of Websites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active (dominates the world of search)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine research project / search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Google at Stanford (1997)",
      "Google at Stanford (1997)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Google at Stanford (1997)",
      "Google at Stanford (1997) In 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin began a search engine research project at Stanford University called \"Backrub,\" which used analysis of Website back links to determine search relevance--a novel approach at the time."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Today's Search",
      "At this writing, Google still dominates the world of search--so much so that \"google\" has become a verb."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Google at Stanford (1997) In 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin began a search engine research project at Stanford University called \"Backrub,\" which used analysis of Website back links to determine search relevance--a novel approach at the time."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahooligans",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "morphed into Yahoo Kids",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "kid-friendly search environment for children",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Yahooligans (1998)",
      "Yahooligans (1998)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Yahooligans (1998)",
      "Yahooligans (1998)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Yahooligans (1998) Yahooligans was a colorful, playful spin-off of Yahoo that provided a kid-friendly search environment for children.",
      "It later morphed into Yahoo Kids."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Yahooligans (1998) Yahooligans was a colorful, playful spin-off of Yahoo that provided a kid-friendly search environment for children."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active (rebranded as Bing)",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: MSN Search (1998)",
      "MSN Search (1998)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: MSN Search (1998)",
      "MSN Search (1998) Microsoft launched its first big attempt to conquer the world of Web search, MSN Search, in 1998."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "MSN Search (1998) Microsoft launched its first big attempt to conquer the world of Web search, MSN Search, in 1998.",
      "MSN Search became \"Windows Live Search\" in 2006, \"Live Search\" in 2007, then \"Bing\" in 2009."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "MSN Search (1998) Microsoft launched its first big attempt to conquer the world of Web search, MSN Search, in 1998."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search site",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Here are some of the landmarks, from Archie to AltaVista to Google and Bing.",
      "At this writing, Google still dominates the world of search--so much so that \"google\" has become a verb."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Today's Search",
      "The search giant is not without its challengers, though--especially Bing, Microsoft's rebranded search site, which has quickly gained market share."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "SLIDESHOW Finding Stuff Online: 20 Years of Innovative Search Engines",
      "Next: Today's Search",
      "The search giant is not without its challengers, though--especially Bing, Microsoft's rebranded search site, which has quickly gained market share."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://piefed.zeromedia.vip/c/youshouldknow/p/247869/ysk-about-web-searching-without-or-limited-genai-footprint-user-experience",
   "title": "YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
   "published_at": "2026-02-18T13:21:14",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Marginalia Search is a particularly unique engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Right Dao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Another engine that\u2019s got the same sort of \u201cbrowsy\u201d approach to the internet is Right Dao."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "defunct",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "[https://stract.com/](https://stract.com/) (seems defunct)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "The most developed search engine on this list has got to be Stract."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### Independent Indexes (no genAI user experience, no genAI footprint\u2013 hit and miss results)",
      "Other independent run indexes such as Yep! seem great on the surface but spend a massive amount\n of resources to build their own LLMs."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "GBY-Tangential Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "One bright light seems to be Mojeek."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lilo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "GBY-Tangential Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# YSK about web searching without or limited genAI footprint/user experience",
      "### GBY-Tangential Searches (limited genAI user experience, minor genAI footprint)",
      "Another search engine that deserves a shout out is French-based Lilo (fed primarily by Bing)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://webopedia.com/reference/internet-search-engines",
   "title": "Web Search Engines & Directories | Webopedia",
   "published_at": "2009-06-19T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Decision Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Microsoft\u2019s Bing, Google, Yahoo, Ask.com, Business.com \u2026 if you\u2019re looking for information on the Web, there are a number of search engines from to choose.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Bing"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Bing is a new search engine from Microsoft that was launched on May 28, 2009.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Bing"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Microsoft calls it a \u201cDecision Engine,\u201d because it\u2019s designed to return search results in a format that organizes answers to address your needs.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Bing"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Microsoft\u2019s Bing, Google, Yahoo, Ask.com, Business.com \u2026 if you\u2019re looking for information on the Web, there are a number of search engines from to choose.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Google"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "With financial backing, in 1998 the founders opened Google.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Google"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory of Web sites categorized by human editors",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Microsoft\u2019s Bing, Google, Yahoo, Ask.com, Business.com \u2026 if you\u2019re looking for information on the Web, there are a number of search engines from to choose.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Yahoo"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Founded in 1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang, Yahoo was initially a directory of Web sites categorized by human editors, a directory for which it is still most well-known for today.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Yahoo"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Founded in 1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang, Yahoo was initially a directory of Web sites categorized by human editors, a directory for which it is still most well-known for today.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Yahoo"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Windows Live Search",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Microsoft\u2019s search engine, Windows Live Search offers a huge improvement over MSN Search and is also integrated into Microsoft\u2019s Live.com.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Windows Live Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "When it launched September 12, 2006, it was a new search engine built from scratch using a new algorithmic engine that was integrated throughout Windows Live and MSN.",
      "The following Quick Reference provides an overview of some of the more popular public Web Search Engines and Directories, including details on their history, information on how they work and tips for using each.",
      "Current Page (Bing, Google, Yahoo, Microsoft Live)",
      "## Windows Live Search"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://piqmarkets.com/ai-technology/story/remembering-the-pre-google-web-when-search-was-an-experiment",
   "title": "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
   "published_at": "2026-08-07T11:00:06",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Before Google's dominance, early search engines like AltaVista, Lycos, and Ask Jeeves attempted to organize the chaotic early web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Before Google's dominance, early search engines like AltaVista, Lycos, and Ask Jeeves attempted to organize the chaotic early web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Before Google's dominance, early search engines like AltaVista, Lycos, and Ask Jeeves attempted to organize the chaotic early web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Early search engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves attempted to organize the burgeoning web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Early search engines like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves attempted to organize the burgeoning web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://edubilla.com/invention/search-engine",
   "title": "Search Engine,Search Engine inventors | edubilla.com",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The first tool used for searching on the Internet was Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "It was created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, Bill Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch, computer science students at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead.",
      "Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "primitive search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "This formed the basis for W3Catalog, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at MIT, produced what was probably the first web robot, the Perl-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at MIT, produced what was probably the first web robot, the Perl-based World Wide Web Wanderer, and used it to generate an index called 'Wandex'."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993[5] by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "JumpStation (created in December 1993[5] by Jonathon Fletcher) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "\"all text\" crawler-based search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "One of the first \"all text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler, which came out in 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light, and AltaVista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83d\udcbc Altavista: The Commercial Breakthrough (1995)",
      "When **Altavista** launched in 1995, it wasn\u2019t just another search engine\u2014it was the first to **combine speed, scale, and commercial viability**."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83d\udcbc Altavista: The Commercial Breakthrough (1995)",
      "When **Altavista** launched in 1995, it wasn\u2019t just another search engine\u2014it was the first to **combine speed, scale, and commercial viability**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83c\udf10 The Birth of Web Search: Before Search Engines",
      "- **Rely on human directories** like **Yahoo!** (launched 1994), which was a manually curated list."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83c\udf10 The Birth of Web Search: Before Search Engines",
      "- **Rely on human directories** like **Yahoo!** (launched 1994), which was a manually curated list."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83c\udf10 The Birth of Web Search: Before Search Engines",
      "- **Rely on human directories** like **Yahoo!** (launched 1994), which was a manually curated list."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WAIS",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "full-text search pioneer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83d\udd0e WAIS: The Full-Text Search Pioneer",
      "**WAIS (Wide Area Information Server)**, created by Thinking Machines Corporation, was the first system to enable **full-text searching** across distributed databases."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "While Archie searched FTP archives, two other systems emerged to tackle different challenges: **Gopher** (1991) and **WAIS** (1992)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83d\udd0e WAIS: The Full-Text Search Pioneer",
      "**WAIS (Wide Area Information Server)**, created by Thinking Machines Corporation, was the first system to enable **full-text searching** across distributed databases."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83e\udd16 Phase 2: Crawler-Based & Keyword-Driven (1994\u20132000)",
      "- **Tools:** Lycos, Altavista, Excite, Infoseek."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83e\udd16 Phase 2: Crawler-Based & Keyword-Driven (1994\u20132000)",
      "- **Tools:** Lycos, Altavista, Excite, Infoseek."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83e\udde0 Phase 3: AI & Contextual Ranking (2000\u2013Present)",
      "- **Tools:** Google (PageRank), Bing, DuckDuckGo, AI assistants."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "## \ud83d\udcbc Altavista: The Commercial Breakthrough (1995)",
      "Altavista\u2019s dominance lasted until the late 1990s, when **Google** (1998) introduced its revolutionary **PageRank algorithm**, which ranked pages based on **link authority**\u2014not just keywords."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83e\udde0 Phase 3: AI & Contextual Ranking (2000\u2013Present)",
      "- **Tools:** Google (PageRank), Bing, DuckDuckGo, AI assistants."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The First Internet Search Engine: The Birth of Web Search",
      "### \ud83e\udde0 Phase 3: AI & Contextual Ranking (2000\u2013Present)",
      "- **Tools:** Google (PageRank), Bing, DuckDuckGo, AI assistants."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://seirdy.one/posts/2021/03/10/search-engines-with-own-indexes",
   "title": "A look at search engines with their own indexes",
   "published_at": "2021-03-10T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A look at search engines with their own indexes",
      "- **Google** The biggest index. Allows submitting pages and sitemaps for crawling, and [even supports WebSub](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/sitemaps/build-sitemap#addsitemap) to automate the process. Powers a few other engines:"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A look at search engines with their own indexes",
      "- **Bing** The runner-up. Allows submitting pages and sitemaps for crawling without login using [the IndexNow API](https://www.indexnow.org/), sharing IndexNow page submissions with Yandex and Seznam. Its index powers many other engines:"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Russian",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A look at search engines with their own indexes",
      "- **Yandex** Originally a Russian search engine, it now has an English version. Some Russian results bleed into its English site. It allows submitting pages and sitemaps for crawling using the IndexNow API, sharing IndexNow page submissions with Bing and Seznam. Powers:"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# A look at search engines with their own indexes",
      "- **Yandex** Originally a Russian search engine, it now has an English version. Some Russian results bleed into its English site. It allows submitting pages and sitemaps for crawling using the IndexNow API, sharing IndexNow page submissions with Bing and Seznam. Powers:"
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A look at search engines with their own indexes",
      "- **[Mojeek](https://www.mojeek.com/)** Seems privacy-oriented with a large index containing billions of pages. Quality isn\u2019t at GBY\u2019s level, but it\u2019s not bad either. If I had to use Mojeek as my default general search engine, I\u2019d live. Partially powers [eTools.ch](https://www.etools.ch/). At this moment, *I think that Mojeek is the best alternative to GBY* for general search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[Stract](https://trystract.com/)** **My favorite generalist engine on this page.** Stract supports advanced ranking customization by allowing users to import \u201coptics\u201d files, like a better version of Brave\u2019s \u201cgoggles\u201d feature. [Stract is fully open-source](https://github.com/StractOrg/stract), with code released under an AGPL-3.0 license. The index is isn\u2019t massive but it\u2019s big enough to be a useful supplement to more major engines. Stract started with the Common Crawl index, but now uses its own crawler. Plans to add contextual ads and a subscription option for ad-free search. Discovered in my access logs."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Right Dao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[Right Dao](https://rightdao.com)** Very fast, good results. Passes the tests fairly well. It plans on including query-based ads if/when its user base grows.note 9 For the past few months, its index seems to have focused more on large, established sites rather than smaller, independent ones. It seems to be a bit lacking in more recent pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alexandria",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[Alexandria](https://www.alexandria.org/)** A pretty new \u201cnon-profit, ad free\u201d engine, with [freely-licensed code](https://github.com/alexandria-org/alexandria). Surprisingly good at finding recent pages. Its index is built from the Common Crawl; it isn\u2019t as big as Gigablast or Right Dao but its ranking is great."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[Yep](https://yep.com/)** An ambitious engine from Ahrefs, an SEO/backlink-finder company, that \u201cshares ad profit with creators and protects your privacy\u201d. Most engines show results that include keywords from or related to the query; Yep also shows results linked by pages containing the query. In other words, not all results contain relevant keywords. This makes it excellent for less precise searches and discovery of \u201crelated sites\u201d, especially with its index of *hundreds of billions of pages.* It\u2019s far worse at finding very specific information or recent events for now, but it will probably improve. It was known as \u201cFairSearch\u201d before its official launch."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SeSe Engine",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Chinese",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[SeSe Engine](https://sese.yyj.moe/)** Although it\u2019s a Chinese engine, its index seems to have a large-enough proportion of English content to fit here. The engine is open-source; see the [SeSe back-end Python code](https://github.com/RimoChan/sese-engine) and [the SeSe-ui Vue-based front-end](https://github.com/YunYouJun/sese-engine-ui). It has surprisingly good results for such a low-budget project. Each result is annotated with detailed ranking metadata such as keyword relevance and backlink weight. Discovered in my access logs."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[SeSe Engine](https://sese.yyj.moe/)** Although it\u2019s a Chinese engine, its index seems to have a large-enough proportion of English content to fit here. The engine is open-source; see the [SeSe back-end Python code](https://github.com/RimoChan/sese-engine) and [the SeSe-ui Vue-based front-end](https://github.com/YunYouJun/sese-engine-ui). It has surprisingly good results for such a low-budget project. Each result is annotated with detailed ranking metadata such as keyword relevance and backlink weight. Discovered in my access logs."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "greppr",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "These engines pass most of the tests listed in the \u201cmethodology\u201d section. All of them seem relatively privacy-friendly. I wouldn\u2019t recommend using these engines to find specific answers; they\u2019re better for learning about a topic by finding interesting pages related to a set of keywords.",
      "- **[greppr](https://greppr.org/)** Its tagline is \u201cSearch the Internet with no filters, no tracking, no ads.\u201d At the time of writing, it has over 3 million pages indexed. It\u2019s surprisingly good at finding interesting new results for broad short-tail queries, if you\u2019re willing to scroll far enough down the page. It appears to be good at finding recent pages."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://getblockify.com/blog/best-private-search-engines",
   "title": "Best Private Search Engines for Privacy & Security",
   "published_at": "2026-05-23T16:54:32",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Brave Search** ([privacy notice](https://search.brave.com/help/privacy-policy)) | Own index | Ad-funded / Premium | US | No (Search) | Yes (In-house) | Yes (Tor via browser) | Web, App, Browser | Free / Paid | Independence | Strongest free option, but carries brand baggage. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **DuckDuckGo** ([search privacy](https://duckduckgo.com/duckduckgo-help-pages/search-privacy/)) | Metasearch / Proxy | Ad-funded | US | Partial | Yes (Duck.ai) | Yes (Tor onion) | Web, App, Browser | Free | Easy switch | Partners with Microsoft for ads and some results. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Startpage** ([privacy policy](https://us.startpage.com/en/privacy-policy/)) | Metasearch (Google) | Ad-funded | Netherlands | No | No | Yes (Anonymous View) | Web, Extension | Free | Familiarity | Owned by ad-tech company System1. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Kagi** ([privacy protection](https://help.kagi.com/kagi/privacy/privacy-protection.html)) | Own index / Metasearch | Subscription-funded | US | No | Yes | No direct Tor | Web, Extension | Paid | Power users | Overkill if you rarely search. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **SearXNG** ([about SearXNG](https://docs.searxng.org/user/about.html)) | Metasearch | Open source / Free | Varies (Instances) | Yes | No | Yes | Web | Free | Self-hosters | Public instances require trusting the host. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "### SearXNG",
      "Yes, SearXNG is the active project**.** SearXNG launched as a fork of SearX in 2021 and remains actively maintained."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Mojeek** ([privacy policy](https://www.mojeek.com/about/privacy/)) | Own index | Ad-funded | UK | No | No | No | Web, App | Free | Purists | Local intent queries require patience. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Qwant** ([overview](https://help.qwant.com/en/docs/overview/)) | Metasearch / Own index | Ad-funded | France | No | Yes | No | Web, App | Free | EU users | AI integration adds data-processing complexity. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **MetaGer** ([about MetaGer](https://metager.org/about)) | Metasearch | Nonprofit | Germany | Yes | No | Yes (Tor onion) | Web, Extension | Free / Paid | Nonprofits | Less mainstream polish. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Swisscows** ([data privacy](https://company.swisscows.com/en/vision/data-protection)) | Metasearch (Bing) | Ad-funded / Subscription | Switzerland | No | No | No | Web, App | Free / Paid | Families | Free version is no longer the fully anonymous tier. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Private Search Engines",
      "Compare the best private search engines in one table",
      "| Search engine | Result source / index type | Business model | Jurisdiction | Open source | AI features | Proxy / Tor support | Browser / app support | Cost | Best for | Honest caveat |",
      "| **Ecosia** ([search result providers](https://support.ecosia.org/article/579-search-results-providers)) | Metasearch (Bing/Google) | Ad-funded / Nonprofit | Germany | No | Yes | No | Web, App, Browser | Free | Eco-conscious | Privacy-improved, but not privacy-maximal. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearX",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### SearXNG",
      "SearXNG launched as a fork of SearX in 2021 and remains actively maintained."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://futureagi.com/blog/ai-search-free-2025",
   "title": "Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com",
   "published_at": "2025-01-04T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 1. Perplexity Free",
      "Perplexity is the closest thing to a default for AI-first research."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 3. Phind",
      "Phind is the developer-first option."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 4. You.com Free",
      "You.com offers multiple modes (chat, search, image, academic, code) with model selection."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 2. ChatGPT Search (free tier)",
      "ChatGPT Search lives inside the regular ChatGPT chat surface."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 5. Brave Search AI",
      "Brave Search uses its own independent index (not Google or Bing under the hood) and surfaces AI Summaries directly in the SERP."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Free AI Search Tools in 2026: Perplexity, Phind, You.com, ChatGPT Search, Brave AI",
      "The 6 best free AI search tools in 2026: Perplexity Free, ChatGPT Search free, Phind, You.com, Brave Search AI, DuckDuckGo AI.",
      "### 6. DuckDuckGo AI",
      "DuckDuckGo\u2019s free AI Chat routes anonymously to a selection of models (typically GPT-class, Claude-class, and open-source options)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/download/510/431?inline=1",
   "title": "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared",
   "published_at": "1997-02-03T14:34:25",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[AltaVista](http://www.altavista.digital.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[Excite](http://www.excite.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[ HotBot](http://www.hotbot.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "InfoSeek Guide",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[InfoSeek Guide](http://guide.infoseek.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "When the InfoSeek Guide started in January 1994, it was a for-fee search engine at $US9.95 per month."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[Lycos](http://www.lycos.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Text",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[Open Text](http://search.opentext.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ultra",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[Ultra](http://ultra.infoseek.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "At this point in time, I have identified eight engines that fit this definition:",
      "[WebCrawler](http://webcrawler.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "@Once!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[@Once!](http://aoma.com/b_search.html)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "All-in-One Search Page",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[All-in-One Search Page](http://www.albany.net/allinone)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Galaxy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[Galaxy](http://galaxy.einet.net/galaxy.html)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Internet Sleuth",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[Internet Sleuth](http://www.vni.net/~ibc/www.isleuth.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[Magellan](http://www.mckinley.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Net Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Here are a few:",
      "[Net Search ](http://home.netscape.com/home/internet-search.html)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Two of the better-known and free simultaneous mega-indexes are",
      "[MetaCrawler](http://metacrawler.cs.washington.edu:8080) and [Savvy Search](http://guaraldi.cs.colostate.edu:2000)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Savvy Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "Two of the better-known and free simultaneous mega-indexes are",
      "[MetaCrawler](http://metacrawler.cs.washington.edu:8080) and [Savvy Search](http://guaraldi.cs.colostate.edu:2000)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Eight Internet Search Engines Compared by Richard Einer Peterson",
      "The most famous is [Yahoo!](http://www.yahoo.com) which covers about one or two percent of the Web, has twenty-one subject headings or categories, and is both browsable and searchable."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wgall.com/blog/self-hosted-search-engines-2026.html",
   "title": "Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
   "published_at": "2026-02-26T17:26:51",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "Every search you make on Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo is logged, analyzed, and stored."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "Every search you make on Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo is logged, analyzed, and stored."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "Every search you make on Google, Bing, or DuckDuckGo is logged, analyzed, and stored."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "### SearXNG - The Metasearch Champion",
      "SearXNG is a fork of the original SearX project, focused on modern development and performance."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comparison Table",
      "| Engine | Type | Difficulty | Results Quality | Resources | Best For |",
      "| SearXNG | Metasearch | Easy | Excellent | Low | Most users |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Whoogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Proxy",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "### Whoogle - Google Without the Tracking",
      "Whoogle provides Google search results without Google's tracking."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comparison Table",
      "| Engine | Type | Difficulty | Results Quality | Resources | Best For |",
      "| Whoogle | Proxy | Easy | Excellent | Low | Google power users |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "P2P",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comprehensive guide to SearXNG, Whoogle, Yacy and more.",
      "### YaCy - The Decentralized Alternative",
      "YaCy represents a fundamentally different approach to search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comparison Table",
      "| Engine | Type | Difficulty | Results Quality | Resources | Best For |",
      "| YaCy | P2P | Medium | Variable | Very High | Privacy maximalists |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LibreX",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Metasearch",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "### LibreX - Minimalist and Fast",
      "LibreX is a privacy-focused metasearch engine that emphasizes minimalism and speed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "Comparison Table",
      "| Engine | Type | Difficulty | Results Quality | Resources | Best For |",
      "| LibreX | Metasearch | Easy | Good | Low | Minimalists |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "### SearXNG - The Metasearch Champion",
      "**Pro Tip:** SearXNG works excellently as a front-end for Brave Search or Bing API for\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf results while maintaining privacy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MeiliSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "## Advanced: Building Your Own Index",
      "- **MeiliSearch** - Fast, typo-tolerant search engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Typesense",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "## Advanced: Building Your Own Index",
      "- **Typesense** - Open source alternative"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elasticsearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "## Advanced: Building Your Own Index",
      "- **Elasticsearch** - Enterprise-grade full-text search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Apache Solr",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Self-Hosted Search Engines 2026: Complete Guide to Privacy-First Search",
      "## Advanced: Building Your Own Index",
      "- **Apache Solr** - Java-based, highly scalable"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://livemint.com/Consumer/ZPKeAhhIljQa79t4OMQy2I/A-brief-history-of-search.html",
   "title": "A brief history of search engines",
   "published_at": "2013-07-04T13:50:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1990: Archie\u2014the very first search engine"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1990: Archie\u2014the very first search engine"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1993: Excite and World wide web wanderer"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1993: Excite and World wide web wanderer"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Beginning with Archie in 1990, considered the first search engine, moving on to Excite and Lycos and Infoseek, by the mid 90s there was a veritable flood of search engines, particularly after Google showed how it should be done in 1996.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Cuil",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "no more",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Post-Google, there were the much touted \u201cgoogle killers\u201d including Cuil (pronounced Cool ) and Dogpile.",
      "While the former is no more, the latter is now just a Google clone.",
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2008: Cuil"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2008: Cuil"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Post-Google, there were the much touted \u201cgoogle killers\u201d including Cuil (pronounced Cool ) and Dogpile.",
      "While the former is no more, the latter is now just a Google clone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dogpile",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "now just a Google clone",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google clone",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Post-Google, there were the much touted \u201cgoogle killers\u201d including Cuil (pronounced Cool ) and Dogpile.",
      "While the former is no more, the latter is now just a Google clone."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Post-Google, there were the much touted \u201cgoogle killers\u201d including Cuil (pronounced Cool ) and Dogpile.",
      "While the former is no more, the latter is now just a Google clone."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Post-Google, there were the much touted \u201cgoogle killers\u201d including Cuil (pronounced Cool ) and Dogpile.",
      "While the former is no more, the latter is now just a Google clone."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "shuts down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1991: Veronica and Jughead"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1991: Veronica and Jughead"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1991: Veronica and Jughead"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1991: Veronica and Jughead"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vlib",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1992: Vlib"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1992: Vlib"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "World wide web wanderer",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1993: Excite and World wide web wanderer"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1993: Excite and World wide web wanderer"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoosearch",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Webcrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1994: AltaVista, Galaxy, Yahoosearch, Infoseek, Webcrawler, LycossixthMAds"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Looksmart",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1995: Looksmart"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1995: Looksmart"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1996: Google, HotBot, Inktomi"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1997: Ask.com"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1997: Ask.com"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1998: MSN; dmoz"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1998: MSN; dmoz"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "dmoz",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1998: MSN; dmoz"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1998: MSN; dmoz"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alltheweb",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1999: Alltheweb"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "1999: Alltheweb"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Snap",
     "launch_year": "2005",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2005: Snap"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2005: Snap"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Livesearch",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2006: Microsoft Livesearch"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2006: Microsoft Livesearch"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2009: Microsoft Bing"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "As the original super spider, AltaVista, shuts down, here\u2019s a brief history of some of the better known search engines through the years:NextMAds",
      "2009: Microsoft Bing"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://historytools.org/software/oldest-search-engines-in-history",
   "title": "Discover the Pioneers: A Deep Dive into the 10 Oldest Search Engines in History - History Tools",
   "published_at": "2023-11-19T13:40:53",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": "2000",
     "status": "shutdown",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #1: Archie \u2013 Bringing Search to FTP (1990)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #1: Archie \u2013 Bringing Search to FTP (1990)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "It shutdown in 2000 after a decade connecting FTP archives."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "It shutdown in 2000 after a decade connecting FTP archives."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #2: Veronica Organizes the Gopherspace (1992)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #2: Veronica Organizes the Gopherspace (1992)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #3: Aliweb Brings Search to the Web (1993)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #3: Aliweb Brings Search to the Web (1993)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "Enter Aliweb in 1993, created by Martijn Koster and considered the first web search engine [9]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #4: WebCrawler Spiders the Web (1994)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #4: WebCrawler Spiders the Web (1994)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #5: Yahoo! \u2013 Human Meets Machine (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #5: Yahoo! \u2013 Human Meets Machine (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "Yahoo! began as a manually curated web directory."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #6: Infoseek \u2013 Algorithms Emerge (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #6: Infoseek \u2013 Algorithms Emerge (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #7: Lycos \u2013 Full Text Search for All (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #7: Lycos \u2013 Full Text Search for All (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #8: AltaVista \u2013 Searching the Full Web (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #8: AltaVista \u2013 Searching the Full Web (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #9: Excite \u2013 A Portal Pioneer (1995)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #9: Excite \u2013 A Portal Pioneer (1995)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #10: Ask Jeeves \u2013 Search in Plain English (1997)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Let\u2018s dive in and meet 10 pioneering services that paved the way.",
      "## #10: Ask Jeeves \u2013 Search in Plain English (1997)"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aipedia.wiki/categories/ai-search",
   "title": "Best AI Search and Research Tools (May 2026)",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "2. [2![Perplexity logo](/logos/tools/perplexity.png)\n**Perplexity**AI search engine with cited answers, a Pro-tier model switcher across GPT, Claude, Gemini, and more, Deep Research exports, Perplexity Computer, and the Comet browser.\n\n](/tools/perplexity/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "2. [2![Perplexity logo](/logos/tools/perplexity.png)\n**Perplexity**AI search engine with cited answers, a Pro-tier model switcher across GPT, Claude, Gemini, and more, Deep Research exports, Perplexity Computer, and the Comet browser.\n\n](/tools/perplexity/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NotebookLM",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Free AI research tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "15. [15![Google NotebookLM logo](/logos/tools/notebooklm.png)\n**Google NotebookLM**Free AI research tool that lets you upload documents and get sourced Q&A, summaries, and auto-generated podcast-style audio overviews.\n\n](/tools/notebooklm/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "15. [15![Google NotebookLM logo](/logos/tools/notebooklm.png)\n**Google NotebookLM**Free AI research tool that lets you upload documents and get sourced Q&A, summaries, and auto-generated podcast-style audio overviews.\n\n](/tools/notebooklm/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Paid, ad-free search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "8. [8![Kagi logo](/logos/tools/kagi.png)\n**Kagi**Paid, ad-free search engine with user-controlled ranking and the Kagi Assistant AI layer on the Ultimate tier.\n\n](/tools/kagi/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "8. [8![Kagi logo](/logos/tools/kagi.png)\n**Kagi**Paid, ad-free search engine with user-controlled ranking and the Kagi Assistant AI layer on the Ultimate tier.\n\n](/tools/kagi/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exa",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Neural search API",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "5. [5![Exa AI logo](/logos/tools/exa.png)\n**Exa AI**Neural search API for LLM applications. Returns semantically relevant web content for agents, RAG pipelines, and Websets B2B research.\n\n](/tools/exa/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "5. [5![Exa AI logo](/logos/tools/exa.png)\n**Exa AI**Neural search API for LLM applications. Returns semantically relevant web content for agents, RAG pipelines, and Websets B2B research.\n\n](/tools/exa/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search company",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "9. [9![You.com logo](/logos/tools/you-com.png)\n**You.com**AI search company that completed its pivot to a developer-API platform. Sells Search, Contents, and Research APIs (with ARI inside Research) for grounding agents and LLMs. Consumer plans are no longer published.\n\n](/tools/you-com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "9. [9![You.com logo](/logos/tools/you-com.png)\n**You.com**AI search company that completed its pivot to a developer-API platform. Sells Search, Contents, and Research APIs (with ARI inside Research) for grounding agents and LLMs. Consumer plans are no longer published.\n\n](/tools/you-com/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI assistant and voice-agent stack",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "Updated May 13, 2026: compare Perplexity, ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode, NotebookLM, Kagi, Exa, You.com, and Grok by citations, privacy, documents, APIs, and buyer fit.",
      "24. [24![Grok logo](/logos/tools/grok.png)\n**Grok**xAI's AI assistant and voice-agent stack. Grok 4.3 moved into the API/OpenRouter on May 1, 2026 at $1.25/M input and $2.50/M output up to 200K, while Custom Voices added team-scoped voice cloning for voice agents. Real-time X data remains the wedge.\n\n](/tools/grok/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "24. [24![Grok logo](/logos/tools/grok.png)\n**Grok**xAI's AI assistant and voice-agent stack. Grok 4.3 moved into the API/OpenRouter on May 1, 2026 at $1.25/M input and $2.50/M output up to 200K, while Custom Voices added team-scoped voice cloning for voice agents. Real-time X data remains the wedge.\n\n](/tools/grok/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Morphic",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Open-source AI answer engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "6. [6![Morphic logo](/logos/tools/morphic.png)\n**Morphic**Open-source AI answer engine with generative UI. Self-hostable, Apache 2.0, multi-provider across OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Ollama, and the Vercel AI Gateway. v1.3.0 (April 10, 2026).\n\n](/tools/morphic/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "6. [6![Morphic logo](/logos/tools/morphic.png)\n**Morphic**Open-source AI answer engine with generative UI. Self-hostable, Apache 2.0, multi-provider across OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Ollama, and the Vercel AI Gateway. v1.3.0 (April 10, 2026).\n\n](/tools/morphic/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Genspark",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Agentic AI search and action platform",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "7. [7![Genspark logo](/logos/tools/genspark.png)\n**Genspark**Agentic AI search and action platform. Super Agent orchestrates specialized agents across research, slides, sheets, browsing, and voice calls.\n\n](/tools/genspark/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "7. [7![Genspark logo](/logos/tools/genspark.png)\n**Genspark**Agentic AI search and action platform. Super Agent orchestrates specialized agents across research, slides, sheets, browsing, and voice calls.\n\n](/tools/genspark/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "10. [10![ChatGPT logo](/logos/tools/chatgpt.png)\n**ChatGPT**OpenAI's flagship AI assistant, with GPT-5 models, image generation, Codex coding agent, voice, and agent mode across web, mobile, and desktop.\n\n](/tools/chatgpt/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "10. [10![ChatGPT logo](/logos/tools/chatgpt.png)\n**ChatGPT**OpenAI's flagship AI assistant, with GPT-5 models, image generation, Codex coding agent, voice, and agent mode across web, mobile, and desktop.\n\n](/tools/chatgpt/)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "multimodal AI assistant",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "12. [12![Gemini logo](/logos/tools/gemini.png)\n**Gemini**Google DeepMind's multimodal AI assistant. Gemini 3.5 Flash is now the broad default across the Gemini app and AI Mode in Search, while Gemini 3.5 Pro is expected next. Workspace, Android, Search, Veo, Imagen, Antigravity, and Google AI subscriptions sit in one bundle.\n\n](/tools/gemini/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "CategoryAI Search & Research Tools",
      "# AI Search & Research Tools",
      "12. [12![Gemini logo](/logos/tools/gemini.png)\n**Gemini**Google DeepMind's multimodal AI assistant. Gemini 3.5 Flash is now the broad default across the Gemini app and AI Mode in Search, while Gemini 3.5 Pro is expected next. Workspace, Android, Search, Veo, Imagen, Antigravity, and Google AI subscriptions sit in one bundle.\n\n](/tools/gemini/)"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://bestoverallapps.com/categories/best-ai-search-app-for-most-people",
   "title": "Best Best AI search app for most people for most people (2026)",
   "published_at": "2026-04-17T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Best AI search app for most people for most people",
      "Best overall Best AI search app for most people for most people in 2026: Perplexity.",
      "## Perplexity",
      "An AI search engine that actually cites its sources \u2014 the right tool for \"answer me with receipts.\""
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best Best AI search app for most people for most people",
      "Best overall Best AI search app for most people for most people in 2026: Perplexity.",
      "## Perplexity",
      "An AI search engine that actually cites its sources \u2014 the right tool for \"answer me with receipts.\""
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [ChatGPT (with Search)](https://chatgpt.com) | 9.0 | General users already paying for ChatGPT | ChatGPT Search now does the same job for most queries. If you're already paying, you may not need a separate Perplexity sub. | Free; Plus $20/month |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [Kagi](https://kagi.com) | 9.2 | Privacy-respecting paid web search | Not really an AI search \u2014 it's a paid Google replacement that respects privacy and lets you customize source weighting. Excellent. | $5-25/month based on usage tier |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Deep Research",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [ChatGPT Deep Research](https://openai.com/index/introducing-deep-research/) | 9.1 | Long-form research reports | Multi-hour autonomous research that produces detailed reports with citations. For serious research, possibly the best in category. | Plus and Pro tiers |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [Gemini (with Deep Research)](https://gemini.google.com) | 8.9 | Google ecosystem users wanting deep research | Gemini's Deep Research feature is excellent and integrates with Google Workspace. | Free; Advanced $19.99/month |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [You.com](https://you.com) | 8.3 | Free Perplexity alternative | AI-first search with similar citation model. Useful free tier but smaller than Perplexity. | Free; pro $15/month |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Edge cases the winner doesn\u2019t handle as well.",
      "| App | Score | Best for | Why | Pricing |",
      "| [Brave Search](https://search.brave.com) | 8.4 | Privacy-first web search | Independent web index (not Google or Bing) with optional AI summaries. Free. | Free; premium $3/month |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://historyofdomainnames.com/archie-the-history-of-domain-names",
   "title": "1990s - The History of Domain Names",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": "1990",
     "status": "A legacy Archie server is still maintained active for historic purposes",
     "country_or_region": "Montreal",
     "type": "tool for indexing FTP archives",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing people to find specific files."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student at McGill University in Montreal, and Bill Heelan, who studied at Concordia University in Montreal and worked at McGill University at the same time."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Work on the search engine was ceased in the late 1990s."
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "A legacy Archie server is still maintained active for historic purposes in Poland at University of Warsaw\u2019s Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "The original implementation was written in 1990 by Alan Emtage, then a postgraduate student at McGill University in Montreal, and Bill Heelan, who studied at Concordia University in Montreal and worked at McGill University at the same time."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Archie is a tool for indexing FTP archives, allowing people to find specific files."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gopher",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "In 1991, Mark McCahill, a student at the University of Minnesota, effectively used a hypertext paradigm to create Gopher, which also searched for plain text references in files."
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      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "In 1991, Mark McCahill, a student at the University of Minnesota, effectively used a hypertext paradigm to create Gopher, which also searched for plain text references in files."
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "the first search engine in the form that we know search engines today",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "About the same time, Matthew Gray developed Wandex, the first search engine in the form that we know search engines today."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "About the same time, Matthew Gray developed Wandex, the first search engine in the form that we know search engines today."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Another significant development in search engines came in 1994 when WebCrawler\u2019s search engine began indexing the full text of web sites instead of just web page titles."
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     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Another significant development in search engines came in 1994 when WebCrawler\u2019s search engine began indexing the full text of web sites instead of just web page titles."
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "early Internet search technologies",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Despite this, other early Internet search technologies such as Jughead and Veronica were named after characters from the comics."
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Despite this, other early Internet search technologies such as Jughead and Veronica were named after characters from the comics."
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "early Internet search technologies",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "**Date: 01/01/1990**",
      "Despite this, other early Internet search technologies such as Jughead and Veronica were named after characters from the comics."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://phdns.latahcountyid.gov/article/what-was-the-first-search-engine-explore-the-very-start-of-search-history",
   "title": "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
   "published_at": "2026-08-02T20:31:53",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
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     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Automated FTP indexing",
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      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Archie | 1990 | Automated FTP indexing | First tool to index publicly available files on the Internet |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Archie | 1990 | Automated FTP indexing | First tool to index publicly available files on the Internet |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Archie | 1990 | Automated FTP indexing | First tool to index publicly available files on the Internet |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Gopher keyword search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Gopher keyword search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Veronica and Jughead | 1992 | Gopher keyword search | Enabled keyword queries across Gopher menus and documents |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Manual directory and search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Wandex | 1993 | Manual directory and search | Curated subject listings for early web resources |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Wandex | 1993 | Manual directory and search | Curated subject listings for early web resources |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Wandex | 1993 | Manual directory and search | Curated subject listings for early web resources |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-submitted index files",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Aliweb | 1993 | Self-submitted index files | Allowed site owners to submit descriptions without web robot crawlers |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Aliweb | 1993 | Self-submitted index files | Allowed site owners to submit descriptions without web robot crawlers |"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| Aliweb | 1993 | Self-submitted index files | Allowed site owners to submit descriptions without web robot crawlers |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WorldWideWeb/Nexus",
     "launch_year": "1990\u20131991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Browser-built index of page links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| WorldWideWeb/Nexus | 1990\u20131991 | Browser-built index of page links | Combined browsing and simple search within the CERN environment |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| WorldWideWeb/Nexus | 1990\u20131991 | Browser-built index of page links | Combined browsing and simple search within the CERN environment |"
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "What Was the First Search Engine? Explore the Very Start of Search History",
      "| Search System | Year Launched | Core Technology | Key Contribution |",
      "| WorldWideWeb/Nexus | 1990\u20131991 | Browser-built index of page links | Combined browsing and simple search within the CERN environment |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://metaglossary.com/define/search+engines",
   "title": "Metaglossary.com - Definitions for \"{term}\"",
   "published_at": null,
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      "Commercial search engines include Excite!, Alta Vista, InfoSeek, Yahoo! or Lycos Search Engines are computer databases which attempt to catalogue all the information on the Internet."
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     ],
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    {
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     "engine": "Open Text Index",
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   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://momor.ai/blog/best-search-engines-2026",
   "title": "Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
   "published_at": "2026-02-14T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### Google: The Monopolist That Kept Chrome"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### ChatGPT Search: The 800 Million User Elephant"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### Perplexity AI: $20 Billion and Getting Sued"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### DuckDuckGo: Still Private, Now with Voice AI"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### Brave Search: 30 Billion Pages, Zero Dependencies"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### Kagi: 65,000 People Pay for Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DeepSeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### DeepSeek"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Momor Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best Search Engines in 2026: Complete Comparison Guide",
      "### Momor Search: Contextual Search That Gets It"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Privacy Comparison: Who Tracks You?",
      "| Search Engine | Tracking | Independent Index | Business Model |",
      "| **Bing** | Heavy | Yes | Ads (Ecosystem Lock-in) |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://digiwebinsight.com/history-of-search-engines",
   "title": "History of Search Engines: 5 Eras of Incredible Evolution",
   "published_at": "2025-11-18T17:08:16",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "1. The Pre-Web Era: Archie and the File Hunters (1990\u20131993)",
      "Enter Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "1. The Pre-Web Era: Archie and the File Hunters (1990\u20131993)",
      "In 1990, the internet was mainly a collection of files stored on FTP (File Transfer Protocol) servers."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "1. The Pre-Web Era: Archie and the File Hunters (1990\u20131993)",
      "Shortly after, tools like Veronica and Jughead appeared."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "1. The Pre-Web Era: Archie and the File Hunters (1990\u20131993)",
      "Shortly after, tools like Veronica and Jughead appeared."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "In 1994, WebCrawler launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "In 1994, WebCrawler launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "This era introduced two competing philosophies: the \u201cCrawler\u201d and the \u201cDirectory.\u201d",
      "The First True Crawlers",
      "In 1994, WebCrawler launched."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "Soon after, Lycos and AltaVista joined the race."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "This era introduced two competing philosophies: the \u201cCrawler\u201d and the \u201cDirectory.\u201d",
      "The First True Crawlers",
      "Soon after, Lycos and AltaVista joined the race."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "Soon after, Lycos and AltaVista joined the race."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "This era introduced two competing philosophies: the \u201cCrawler\u201d and the \u201cDirectory.\u201d",
      "The First True Crawlers",
      "Soon after, Lycos and AltaVista joined the race."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "Started by Jerry Yang and David Filo, Yahoo wasn\u2019t initially a search engine run by algorithms."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "2. The History of Search Engines Explodes: Crawlers & Directories (1994\u20131997)",
      "This era introduced two competing philosophies: the \u201cCrawler\u201d and the \u201cDirectory.\u201d",
      "The Human Touch",
      "Started by Jerry Yang and David Filo, Yahoo wasn\u2019t initially a search engine run by algorithms."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "3. The Google Revolution (1998\u20132005)",
      "Google changed everything with PageRank."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "3. The Google Revolution (1998\u20132005)",
      "Before 1998, search engines ranked results mostly by counting how many times a keyword appeared on a page."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "3. The Google Revolution (1998\u20132005)",
      "Google quickly dominated the market, pushing competitors like AltaVista and Excite into obscurity."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Siri",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "voice search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "It started with voice search (Siri, Alexa) and has moved into complex Artificial Intelligence."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "It started with voice search (Siri, Alexa) and has moved into complex Artificial Intelligence."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Alexa",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "voice search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "It started with voice search (Siri, Alexa) and has moved into complex Artificial Intelligence."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "It started with voice search (Siri, Alexa) and has moved into complex Artificial Intelligence."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Generative AI",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "Tools like ChatGPT and Google\u2019s Search Generative Experience (SGE) are changing the game again."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "Today, we are seeing the rise of Generative AI.",
      "Tools like ChatGPT and Google\u2019s Search Generative Experience (SGE) are changing the game again."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google\u2019s Search Generative Experience (SGE)",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Generative AI",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "Tools like ChatGPT and Google\u2019s Search Generative Experience (SGE) are changing the game again."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Understanding the history of search engines gives us a fascinating glimpse into how the internet grew from a small network of scientists into the global nervous system it is today.",
      "5. AI and the Future of Search (2016\u2013Present)",
      "Today, we are seeing the rise of Generative AI.",
      "Tools like ChatGPT and Google\u2019s Search Generative Experience (SGE) are changing the game again."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://factually.co/fact-checks/electronics-tech/best-search-engine-no-tracking-848a07",
   "title": "Best Search Engine That Provides No Tracking",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "independent, no-log engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "If your single goal is \u201cno tracking,\u201d two clear paths emerge: pick a truly independent, no\u2011log engine like Mojeek (free) or pay for a privacy\u2011first premium service like Kagi; both minimize logging and profiling more aggressively than big\u2011tech front\u2011ends that simply anonymize requests [[1]](https://www.mojeek.com/) [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[3]](https://ktla.com/news/these-search-engines-dont-track-you/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "If your single goal is \u201cno tracking,\u201d two clear paths emerge: pick a truly independent, no\u2011log engine like Mojeek (free) or pay for a privacy\u2011first premium service like Kagi; both minimize logging and profiling more aggressively than big\u2011tech front\u2011ends that simply anonymize requests [[1]](https://www.mojeek.com/) [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[3]](https://ktla.com/news/these-search-engines-dont-track-you/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-first premium service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "If your single goal is \u201cno tracking,\u201d two clear paths emerge: pick a truly independent, no\u2011log engine like Mojeek (free) or pay for a privacy\u2011first premium service like Kagi; both minimize logging and profiling more aggressively than big\u2011tech front\u2011ends that simply anonymize requests [[1]](https://www.mojeek.com/) [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[3]](https://ktla.com/news/these-search-engines-dont-track-you/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "If your single goal is \u201cno tracking,\u201d two clear paths emerge: pick a truly independent, no\u2011log engine like Mojeek (free) or pay for a privacy\u2011first premium service like Kagi; both minimize logging and profiling more aggressively than big\u2011tech front\u2011ends that simply anonymize requests [[1]](https://www.mojeek.com/) [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[3]](https://ktla.com/news/these-search-engines-dont-track-you/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "DuckDuckGo and Brave are the easiest drop\u2011in replacements for everyday use and block many trackers, but they are compromises\u2014fast and familiar, not the absolute strictest on paper [[4]](https://www.privateproxyguide.com/best-private-search-engines/) [[5]](https://duckduckgo.com/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "DuckDuckGo and Brave are the easiest drop\u2011in replacements for everyday use and block many trackers, but they are compromises\u2014fast and familiar, not the absolute strictest on paper [[4]](https://www.privateproxyguide.com/best-private-search-engines/) [[5]](https://duckduckgo.com/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "metasearch/anonymizer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "Engines split into three models: independent indexes (Mojeek, Brave, Mojeek\u2019s claim), metasearch/anonymizers that fetch Google/Bing results without logging (Startpage historically), and paid curated engines (Kagi) \u2014 each has different privacy/accuracy tradeoffs [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[4]](https://www.privateproxyguide.com/best-private-search-engines/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "Engines split into three models: independent indexes (Mojeek, Brave, Mojeek\u2019s claim), metasearch/anonymizers that fetch Google/Bing results without logging (Startpage historically), and paid curated engines (Kagi) \u2014 each has different privacy/accuracy tradeoffs [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/) [[4]](https://www.privateproxyguide.com/best-private-search-engines/)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This article may be outdated. Consider refreshing it to get the most current information.",
      "For power users who want open\u2011source control or self\u2011hosting, SearXNG instances are recommended though privacy depends on the instance operator [[2]](https://piccard.it/blog/private-search-engines/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://books.google.com/books/about/Search_Engines_for_the_World_Wide_Web.html?id=7dV-7uIzp2QC",
   "title": "Search Engines for the World Wide Web",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines for the World Wide Web Alfred Glossbrenner , Emily Glossbrenner Peachpit Press , 2001 - Computers - 348 pages Save yourself hours of frustration with the third edition of this easy-to-use search engine guideNupdated top-to- bottom to reflect recent overhauls in the major search sites.",
      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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      "Search Engines for the World Wide Web Alfred Glossbrenner , Emily Glossbrenner Peachpit Press , 2001 - Computers - 348 pages Save yourself hours of frustration with the third edition of this easy-to-use search engine guideNupdated top-to- bottom to reflect recent overhauls in the major search sites.",
      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "engine": "Excite",
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      "Search Engines for the World Wide Web Alfred Glossbrenner , Emily Glossbrenner Peachpit Press , 2001 - Computers - 348 pages Save yourself hours of frustration with the third edition of this easy-to-use search engine guideNupdated top-to- bottom to reflect recent overhauls in the major search sites.",
      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
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    },
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     "engine": "HotBot",
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      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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     "engine": "Google",
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      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
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     "engine": "Lycos",
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      "Focuses on the major search engines (AltaVista, Yahoo!, Excite, HotBot, Google, Infoseek, Lycos) but briefly covers dozens of specialized engines and other resources, such as Usenet archives."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "engine": "WebCrawler",
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     "end_year": null,
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      "Search Engines for the World Wide Web Alfred Glossbrenner , Emily Glossbrenner Peachpit Press , 2001 - Computers - 348 pages Save yourself hours of frustration with the third edition of this easy-to-use search engine guideNupdated top-to- bottom to reflect recent overhauls in the major search sites.",
      "The most popular Web search engines are AltaVista, Excite, HotBot, InfoSeek, Lycos, Google, WebCrawler, and Yahoo!"
     ],
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   ]
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   "url": "https://github.com/clduab11/cld-omnisearch",
   "title": "clduab11/cld-omnisearch: \ud83d\udd0d A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server providing unified access to multiple search engines (Tavily, Brave, Kagi), AI tools (Perplexity, FastGPT), and content processing services (Jina AI, Kagi). Combines search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface. \u00b7 GitHub",
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    {
     "engine": "Tavily",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "factual information with strong citation support",
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      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, Exa AI, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface.",
      "- **Tavily Search**: Optimized for factual information with strong citation support."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "- **Tavily Search**: Optimized for factual information with strong citation support."
     ]
    },
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     "engine": "Perplexity",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, Exa AI, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface.",
      "- **Perplexity AI**: Advanced response generation combining real-time web search with GPT-4 Omni and Claude 3"
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "type_evidence": [
      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "- **Perplexity AI**: Advanced response generation combining real-time web search with GPT-4 Omni and Claude 3"
     ]
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     "engine": "Kagi",
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     "type": "High-quality search with full operator support",
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      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, Exa AI, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface.",
      "- **Kagi Search**: High-quality search with full operator support: `site:`, `-site:`, `filetype:`/`ext:`, `intitle:`, `inurl:`, `inbody:`, `inpage:`, `lang:`, `loc:`, `before:`, `after:`, `+term`, `-term`, and exact phrases (`\"phrase\"`)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "- **Kagi Search**: High-quality search with full operator support: `site:`, `-site:`, `filetype:`/`ext:`, `intitle:`, `inurl:`, `inbody:`, `inpage:`, `lang:`, `loc:`, `before:`, `after:`, `+term`, `-term`, and exact phrases (`\"phrase\"`)."
     ]
    },
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
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     "type": "Privacy-focused search with comprehensive operator support",
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      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, Exa AI, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface.",
      "- **Brave Search**: Privacy-focused search with comprehensive operator support: `site:`, `-site:`, `filetype:`/`ext:`, `intitle:`, `inurl:`, `inbody:`, `inpage:`, `lang:`, `loc:`, `before:`, `after:`, `+term`, `-term`, and exact phrases (`\"phrase\"`)."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "type_evidence": [
      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "- **Brave Search**: Privacy-focused search with comprehensive operator support: `site:`, `-site:`, `filetype:`/`ext:`, `intitle:`, `inurl:`, `inbody:`, `inpage:`, `lang:`, `loc:`, `before:`, `after:`, `+term`, `-term`, and exact phrases (`\"phrase\"`)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exa",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI-powered web search using neural and keyword search",
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      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, Exa AI, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, content processing, and enhancement features through a single interface.",
      "- **Exa Search**: AI-powered web search using neural and keyword search."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# CLD Omnisearch",
      "- **Exa Search**: AI-powered web search using neural and keyword search."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "GitHub",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "type": "Comprehensive code search across public GitHub repositories",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### \ud83d\udd0d Search Tools",
      "- **GitHub Search**: Comprehensive code search across public GitHub repositories with three specialized tools:"
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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      "### \ud83d\udd0d Search Tools",
      "- **GitHub Search**: Comprehensive code search across public GitHub repositories with three specialized tools:"
     ]
    }
   ]
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  {
   "url": "https://intego.com/mac-security-blog/which-search-engine-is-the-most-private-google-bing-vs-brave-duckduckgo-startpage-mojeek",
   "title": "Which search engine is the most private? Google & Bing vs. Brave, DuckDuckGo, Startpage, Kagi, Mojeek, Qwant",
   "published_at": "2025-04-11T17:03:19",
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      "Which search engine is the most private? Google & Bing vs. Brave, DuckDuckGo, Startpage, Kagi, Mojeek, Qwant",
      "Google and Bing\u2014the main search engines that people use to find information\u2014are designed to collect data from users in order to monetize their free services."
     ],
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    },
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      "Google and Bing\u2014the main search engines that people use to find information\u2014are designed to collect data from users in order to monetize their free services."
     ],
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    },
    {
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      "Privacy-focused search engines with their own indices",
      "Brave Search"
     ],
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    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
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      "Proxy-based, privacy-focused search engines",
      "DuckDuckGo"
     ],
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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      "Proxy-based, privacy-focused search engines",
      "Startpage"
     ],
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
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     "type": "paid service",
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      "Hybrid privacy-focused search engines",
      "Kagi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Which search engine is the most private? Google & Bing vs. Brave, DuckDuckGo, Startpage, Kagi, Mojeek, Qwant",
      "Hybrid search engines"
     ]
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     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "engine": "Qwant",
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     "engine_evidence": [
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     "engine": "Yahoo",
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      "Yahoo is not much better; its tracking and advertising infrastructure just might not be quite as massive as Google and Microsoft."
     ],
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    },
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      "For most regions of the world, Apple offers the following five search engines:",
      "Ecosia"
     ],
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    },
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      "Yandex"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
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     "engine": "Baidu",
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      "Baidu"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
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      "Which search engine is the most private? Google & Bing vs. Brave, DuckDuckGo, Startpage, Kagi, Mojeek, Qwant",
      "If you are in the EU or certain other regions, you may have additional options; these may include, for example: Yandex, or Baidu and Sogou.",
      "Sogou"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
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    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://packetstorm.news/news/view/42688",
   "title": "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment - Ars Technica",
   "published_at": "2026-08-07T11:00:06",
   "engines": [
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     ],
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     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
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    },
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     "engine": "Yahoo",
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      "\u201990s Nostalgia",
      "Directories before algorithms",
      "Yahoo is the best-known example of this early logic."
     ],
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    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
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      "\u201990s Nostalgia",
      "HotBot, Inktomi, and technical credibility",
      "It arrived during a period when users were beginning to notice that search quality depended on both the size of the index and the sophistication of the ranking system behind it\u2014the scalable backend was provided by Inktomi."
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     "engine": "Google",
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      "\u201990s Nostalgia",
      "Remembering the pre-Google web, when search was an experiment",
      "Unlike now, when Google is widely seen as both portal and gatekeeper, sites like AltaVista, Lycos, Excite, HotBot, and Ask Jeeves promised to tame the chaos, each with its own suite of quirks, charms, and flaws."
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   "url": "https://cosmo-edge.com/searxng-sovereign-search-ai-guide",
   "title": "Architecting Sovereign Search for AI and Privacy",
   "published_at": "2025-09-04T09:43:18",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "# SearXNG in 2026: Architecting Sovereign Retrieval for the AI Era",
      "While Google or Bing maintain massive, proprietary databases of the crawled web, SearXNG remains entirely **stateless**."
     ],
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      "# SearXNG in 2026: Architecting Sovereign Retrieval for the AI Era",
      "While Google or Bing maintain massive, proprietary databases of the crawled web, SearXNG remains entirely **stateless**."
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     "engine": "SearXNG",
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      "# SearXNG in 2026: Architecting Sovereign Retrieval for the AI Era",
      "In 2026, the search landscape has shifted from simple web browsing to complex, agent-driven information discovery."
     ],
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     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "type_evidence": [
      "# SearXNG in 2026: Architecting Sovereign Retrieval for the AI Era",
      "This guide explores how to leverage this open-source metasearch engine as a sovereign retrieval layer, providing a private and high-performance foundation for local AI agents and advanced RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) pipelines."
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      "## 9. Comparison: SearXNG vs. Kagi and Managed Approaches",
      "| Criteria | Kagi (Managed) | SearXNG (Sovereign) |"
     ],
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   "url": "https://aisotools.com/blog/brave-search-review-2026",
   "title": "Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "With AI summaries, a built-in browser AI assistant (Leo), and Goggles for custom ranking, it's the most serious privacy-first Google alternative in 2026."
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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     ],
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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     "engine": "Baidu",
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    },
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     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
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      "Other privacy search engines like DuckDuckGo, Startpage, and Ecosia are fundamentally Google or Bing front-ends with tracking stripped \u2014 their results come from Big Tech infrastructure."
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "Other privacy search engines like DuckDuckGo, Startpage, and Ecosia are fundamentally Google or Bing front-ends with tracking stripped \u2014 their results come from Big Tech infrastructure."
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    },
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     "engine": "Startpage",
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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      "Other privacy search engines like DuckDuckGo, Startpage, and Ecosia are fundamentally Google or Bing front-ends with tracking stripped \u2014 their results come from Big Tech infrastructure."
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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    },
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "Other privacy search engines like DuckDuckGo, Startpage, and Ecosia are fundamentally Google or Bing front-ends with tracking stripped \u2014 their results come from Big Tech infrastructure."
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    },
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     "engine": "Perplexity",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "Not the right choice if you need the best possible AI research assistant (Perplexity wins that) or the deepest commercial product search (Google still leads)."
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "Not the right choice if you need the best possible AI research assistant (Perplexity wins that) or the deepest commercial product search (Google still leads)."
     ]
    },
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      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
      "Users who want zero ads and maximum visual cleanliness may prefer Kagi ($14/mo) or running SearXNG self-hosted."
     ],
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "# Brave Search Review 2026: Pricing, AI Features, Pros & Cons",
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    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "## Explore More AI Search Tools",
      "See how Brave Search compares to Perplexity, You.com, and every other AI-powered search engine."
     ],
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "## Explore More AI Search Tools",
      "See how Brave Search compares to Perplexity, You.com, and every other AI-powered search engine."
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      "AI SearchUpdated June 2026",
      "## Explore More AI Search Tools",
      "See how Brave Search compares to Perplexity, You.com, and every other AI-powered search engine."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://eforum.com/threads/list-of-search-engines.9312/post-19405",
   "title": "List of Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
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    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "General",
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      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ],
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      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ]
    },
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     "type_evidence": [
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    },
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    },
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     "engine": "Sogou",
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     "engine": "Volunia",
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    },
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     "engine": "Yahoo!",
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      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
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      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
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    },
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     "engine_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yebol",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "General",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yodao",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "General",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "This is a list of search engines, including web search engines, selection-based search engines, metasearch engines, desktop search tools, and web portals and vertical market websites that have a search facility for online databases.",
      "By content/topic General Baidu (Chinese, Japanese) Bing Blekko Google Sogou (Chinese) Soso.com (Chinese) Volunia WireDoo Yahoo! Yandex.com (Russian) Yebol Yodao (Chinese)"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://bordercybergroup.com/your-search-box-is-a-confession-booth",
   "title": "Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
   "published_at": "2026-03-13T14:32:34",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "Google understood this before almost anyone else, and built an empire on it.",
      "The surveillance was the point, the advertising revenue was the mechanism, and the bargain \u2014 your data for access to the sum of human knowledge \u2014 was always visible to anyone who cared to look."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-conscious",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "DuckDuckGo is the most prominent example.",
      "For years it cultivated a reputation as the privacy-conscious user's search engine, the refuge from the Google panopticon."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "DuckDuckGo is the most prominent example.",
      "For years it cultivated a reputation as the privacy-conscious user's search engine, the refuge from the Google panopticon."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "Startpage presents a different but structurally similar problem."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "self-hosted metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "### What SearXNG Actually Is",
      "When we configured SearXNG \u2014 a self-hosted metasearch engine we'll build in this series \u2014 to route its upstream queries through Tor, making the user genuinely and technically anonymous to the search engine receiving the query, DuckDuckGo returned a 403."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "### What SearXNG Actually Is",
      "When we configured SearXNG \u2014 a self-hosted metasearch engine we'll build in this series \u2014 to route its upstream queries through Tor, making the user genuinely and technically anonymous to the search engine receiving the query, DuckDuckGo returned a 403."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Your Search Box Is a Confession Booth",
      "Brave Search rate-limited the exit node immediately."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://radschool.org.au/magazines/Vol39/Page4.htm",
   "title": "Radschool Association Magazine - Vol39. Page 4",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "and the very first tool \u2018invented\u2019 for searching on the Internet was a little program called Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "It was created in 1990 by computer science students at McGill University in Montreal, Canada."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Shortly after, in 1991, two new search programs were developed, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Shortly after, in 1991, two new search programs were developed, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Shortly after, in 1991, two new search programs were developed, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Shortly after, in 1991, two new search programs were developed, Veronica and Jughead."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "JumpStation was released in December 1993 and used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index and was the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine, crawling, indexing, and searching."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "JumpStation was released in December 1993 and used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index and was the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine, crawling, indexing, and searching."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "full text crawler-based",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "One of the first \"full text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "One of the first \"full text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler which came out in 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "One of the first \"full text\" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler which came out in 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos was launched and became a major commercial endeavour."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Also in 1994, Lycos was launched and became a major commercial endeavour."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "These included Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, Northern Light and AltaVista and eventually Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Later in 1996, two blokes from Stanford University, Larry Page and [ Sergey Brin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin), were unhappy with the quality of current search engines so they started work on their own which they called Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Later in 1996, two blokes from Stanford University, Larry Page and [ Sergey Brin](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brin), were unhappy with the quality of current search engines so they started work on their own which they called Google."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998 but it was not accepted by \u2018searchers\u2019 so in 2004 they began to develop new search technology and in 2009 they launched their new engine which they called Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998 but it was not accepted by \u2018searchers\u2019 so in 2004 they began to develop new search technology and in 2009 they launched their new engine which they called Bing."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998 but it was not accepted by \u2018searchers\u2019 so in 2004 they began to develop new search technology and in 2009 they launched their new engine which they called Bing."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998 but it was not accepted by \u2018searchers\u2019 so in 2004 they began to develop new search technology and in 2009 they launched their new engine which they called Bing."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "A few years ago [ CNET](http://www.cnet.com.au/) ran an article on this subject, considering five major search engines (Google, Bing, Ask, AOL and Yahoo), finding marked differences between the engines, with Ask looking the best for respecting your privacy and Google arguably the worst (they all do things in a different way)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AOL",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "A few years ago [ CNET](http://www.cnet.com.au/) ran an article on this subject, considering five major search engines (Google, Bing, Ask, AOL and Yahoo), finding marked differences between the engines, with Ask looking the best for respecting your privacy and Google arguably the worst (they all do things in a different way)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2008",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "DuckDuckGo is a relatively new player (started 2008) that is probably the search engine of choice if you are concerned about privacy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Web Search Engines.",
      "DuckDuckGo is a relatively new player (started 2008) that is probably the search engine of choice if you are concerned about privacy."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://vietseo.com/en/google-history-and-seo",
   "title": "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
   "published_at": "2025-06-03T11:02:24",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
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     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wandex",
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     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex.",
      "- ALIWEB."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex.",
      "- ALIWEB.",
      "- JumpStation."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex.",
      "- ALIWEB.",
      "- JumpStation.",
      "- WebCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Early search and discovery services included:",
      "- Archie.",
      "- World Wide Web Wanderer and Wandex.",
      "- ALIWEB.",
      "- JumpStation.",
      "- WebCrawler.",
      "- Lycos."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory of websites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Yahoo began in 1994 as a manually organized directory of websites."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Yahoo began in 1994 as a manually organized directory of websites."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Yahoo began in 1994 as a manually organized directory of websites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
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     "end_year": null,
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     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "During the mid-1990s, services such as AltaVista, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, and HotBot competed to organize the growing Web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "During the mid-1990s, services such as AltaVista, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, and HotBot competed to organize the growing Web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "During the mid-1990s, services such as AltaVista, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, and HotBot competed to organize the growing Web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "During the mid-1990s, services such as AltaVista, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, and HotBot competed to organize the growing Web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Google was founded in 1998."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "Google was founded in 1998."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The development history of search engines from 1990 to the present",
      "No. SEO can also involve Bing, regional search engines, ecommerce marketplaces, video platforms, app stores, local search systems, and other discovery environments."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://webiano.digital/the-new-robots-txt-map-for-google-openai-amazon-yandex-and-baidu",
   "title": "The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
   "published_at": "2026-05-17T22:03:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "OpenAI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# The new robots.txt map for Google, OpenAI, Amazon, Yandex and Baidu",
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Google, OpenAI, Anthropic, Amazon, Apple, Perplexity, Mistral, DuckDuckGo, Yandex, Baidu, Seznam, Qwant, Mojeek, Common Crawl and AI2 now publish crawler controls, user-agent tokens, or opt-out mechanisms that site owners have to understand one by one."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Brave Search has its own crawler, Bravebot.",
      "| Search indexing | Googlebot, Bingbot, Baiduspider, YandexBot, SeznamBot, Qwantbot, MojeekBot, Bravebot | Discover and index pages for search results | Usually allow public, indexable content |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Yahoo\u2019s own help result describes Slurp as the Yahoo Search robot for crawling and indexing web page information.",
      "Yahoo\u2019s Slurp has historically crawled and indexed pages for Yahoo Search, though Yahoo search results have also depended on partners at different times."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://dhassa.co.uk/searchengines",
   "title": "Search Engine Submit Links",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AOL Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |",
      "| 5 | UK and USA | Add URL | free and paid | altavista | AltaVista Company. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |",
      "| 27 | Add URL | paid | Excite | InfoSpace, Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |",
      "| 2 | Add URL | free and paid | Google dmoz | AOL Search Netscape | Google |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |",
      "| 10 | .co.uk | Add URL | free or paid | Lycos | Lycos |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 1 | Add URL | free | dmoz | AOL Search AltaVista Excite Google Lycos Yahoo Web Pages | Netscape |",
      "| 4 | Add URL | free uncommercial paid yearly commercial | Yahoo | Yahoo! Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 3 | N/A | Inktomi dmoz | Yahoo! Inc. |",
      "| 21 | Add URL | paid | Inktomi | HotBot, Overture | Yahoo! Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "FAST",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 7 | Add URL | free | FAST | AlltheWeb (free), Lycos (paid) | FAST |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mirago",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 8 | .co.uk | Add URL | free for UK content | Mirago | Mirago |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Zeal",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 9 | Add URL | free uncommercial for zealots | Zeal | BTLooksmart Looksmart | Looksmart, Ltd. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "kellysearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 14 | register | free directory UK industry business registration | kellysearch | Reed Business Information |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "192Directory",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 15 | register | free directory UK content business registration | 192Directory DMOZ | 192Directory |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yell.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 16 | register | paid web link | Yell.com | Yell Limited |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Scoot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 17 | request contact | Scoot Basic or Scoot Connect | Scoot | British Telecommunications plc |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Looksmart",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 19 | Add URL | paid or free uncommercial for zealots | Looksmart Zeal | MSN About AltaVista Netscape Road Runner infospace c|net | Looksmart, Ltd. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 22 | Add URL | paid | Ask.com Teoma | Ask.com Teoma | Ask Jeeves, Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 22 | Add URL | paid | Ask.com Teoma | Ask.com Teoma | Ask Jeeves, Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Overture",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Last Checked on 2nd Febuary 2004 | Rank | Search Engine | Submit | Options | Sourced: | Feeds to: | Owned by: |",
      "| 24 | UK content | Add URL | pay per click | Overture | infospace, Yahoo, Lycos, c|net, altavista | Overture Services, Inc. |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://theprotec.com/blog/2026/best-ai-search-engines-ranked-by-accuracy-and-speed",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
   "published_at": "2026-05-28T12:35:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "### 1. Perplexity"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Overviews and AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "### 2. Google AI Overviews and AI Mode"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "### 3. ChatGPT Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "### 4. Microsoft Copilot Search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search with AI Answers",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "### 5. Brave Search with AI Answers"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "- 4.6 6. You.com"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo AI Assist",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines Ranked by Accuracy and Speed",
      "## Ranked: Best AI Search Engines by Accuracy and Speed",
      "- 4.7 7. DuckDuckGo AI Assist"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aisearchglossary.com/terms/indexnow-protocol",
   "title": "IndexNow Protocol",
   "published_at": "2026-05-25T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naver",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Seznam",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yep",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# IndexNow Protocol",
      "Adopted by Bing, Yandex, Naver, Seznam, and Yep; not adopted by Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## How it relates to other concepts",
      "Brave Search and Perplexity use their own indexes; Google AI surfaces ([AI Overview](/terms/ai-overview), [AI Mode](/terms/ai-mode), [AI Overview citation](/terms/ai-overview-citation)) use Google's index, which IndexNow does not feed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## How it relates to other concepts",
      "Brave Search and Perplexity use their own indexes; Google AI surfaces ([AI Overview](/terms/ai-overview), [AI Mode](/terms/ai-mode), [AI Overview citation](/terms/ai-overview-citation)) use Google's index, which IndexNow does not feed."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://freespiritmedia.com/links-and-resources/comprehensive-search-engine-list",
   "title": "Search Engine List",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "All-Purpose Search Engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# [Search Engine List ](http://www.freespiritmedia.com/links-and-resources/comprehensive-search-engine-list/)",
      "| Type | Search Engine | Description |",
      "| All-Purpose Search Engines | [![Google](http://www.freespiritmedia.com/design/wp-content/themes/avisio/images/google.gif)](http://www.google.com/) | Google \u2013 **The world\u2019s most popular search engine.** |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# [Search Engine List ](http://www.freespiritmedia.com/links-and-resources/comprehensive-search-engine-list/)",
      "| Type | Search Engine | Description |",
      "| All-Purpose Search Engines | [![Google](http://www.freespiritmedia.com/design/wp-content/themes/avisio/images/google.gif)](http://www.google.com/) | Google \u2013 **The world\u2019s most popular search engine.** |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://websearchworkshop.co.uk/european_search_engines.php",
   "title": "European search engines and directories",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **AltaVista** - [Austria](http://at.altavista.com/), [Belgium](http://be.altavista.com/), [Denmark](http://dk.altavista.com), [Finland](http://fi.altavista.com), [France](http://fr.altavista.com), [Germany](http://de.altavista.com), [Ireland](http://ie.altavista.com), [Italy](http://it.altavista.com), [Netherlands](http://nl.altavista.com), [Norway](http://no.altavista.com), [Portugal](http://pt.altavista.com), [Spain](http://es.altavista.com), [Sweden](http://se.altavista.com), [Switzerland](http://ch.altavista.com)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **Ask Jeeves** - France, Germany and Spain."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **Google** - offers a choice of [foreign-language interfaces](http://www.google.com/language.html) to its service as well as some regional versions that allow users to search by country-specific domain: [UK](http://www.google.co.uk), [France](http://www.google.fr) and [Germany](http://www.google.de)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **HotBot** - [France](http://www.hotbot.lycos.fr), [Germany](http://www.hotbot.lycos.de), [Italy](http://www.hotbot.lycos.it), [Netherlands](http://www.hotbot.lycos.nl), [Spain](http://www.hotbot.lycos.es)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **Lycos** - [Austria](http://www.lycos.at), [Belgium](http://www.lycos.be), [Denmark](http://www.lycos.dk), [France](http://www.lycos.fr), [Germany](http://www.lycos.de), [Italy](http://www.lycos.it), [Netherlands](http://www.lycos.nl), [Norway](http://www.lycos.no), [Spain](http://www.lycos.es), [Sweden](http://www.spray.se/L/F/A26/), [Switzerland](http://www.lycos.ch)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **MSN Search** - offers search in many European countries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## European versions of the main US search engines and directories",
      "- **Yahoo** - [Denmark](http://dk.yahoo.com), [France](http://fr.yahoo.com), [Germany](http://de.yahoo.com), [Italy](http://it.yahoo.com), [Norway](http://no.yahoo.com), [Spain](http://es.yahoo.com), [Sweden](http://se.yahoo.com)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Caloga",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine using the Google database",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Caloga](http://web.caloga.com) - search engine using the Google database."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Caloga](http://web.caloga.com) - search engine using the Google database."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Francite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "French",
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Francite](http://francite.com) - one of a group of directories listed French-speaking websites"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Francite](http://francite.com) - one of a group of directories listed French-speaking websites"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Francite](http://francite.com) - one of a group of directories listed French-speaking websites"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Indexa",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "France",
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Indexa](http://www.indexa.fr) - a directory listing websites of companies or organisations based in France"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Indexa](http://www.indexa.fr) - a directory listing websites of companies or organisations based in France"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Indexa](http://www.indexa.fr) - a directory listing websites of companies or organisations based in France"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Nomade",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory plus a search engine using Inktomi",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Nomade](http://www.nomade.tiscali.fr) - is a directory plus a search engine using Inktomi. Owned by Tiscali, it acquired the Ecila and Lokace search tools during 2001."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Nomade](http://www.nomade.tiscali.fr) - is a directory plus a search engine using Inktomi. Owned by Tiscali, it acquired the Ecila and Lokace search tools during 2001."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Voila",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "French",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Voila](http://www.voila.fr) - the biggest French search engine, owned by France T\u00e9l\u00e9com. It did offer US/UK versions of its service until these were removed at the end of 2000."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Voila](http://www.voila.fr) - the biggest French search engine, owned by France T\u00e9l\u00e9com. It did offer US/UK versions of its service until these were removed at the end of 2000."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- [Voila](http://www.voila.fr) - the biggest French search engine, owned by France T\u00e9l\u00e9com. It did offer US/UK versions of its service until these were removed at the end of 2000."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Abondance",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- Other sites of note include: [Abondance](http://www.abondance.com) provides a guide to using and submitting to search tools, while [Enfin](http://www.enfin.com) and [Indicateur](http://www.indicateur.com) provide links to French-language search tools, portals and directories."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Enfin",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- Other sites of note include: [Abondance](http://www.abondance.com) provides a guide to using and submitting to search tools, while [Enfin](http://www.enfin.com) and [Indicateur](http://www.indicateur.com) provide links to French-language search tools, portals and directories."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Indicateur",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## French search engines and directories",
      "- Other sites of note include: [Abondance](http://www.abondance.com) provides a guide to using and submitting to search tools, while [Enfin](http://www.enfin.com) and [Indicateur](http://www.indicateur.com) provide links to French-language search tools, portals and directories."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Abacho",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "German",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Abacho](http://www.abacho.com) - this German search engine absorbed sites such a Spider.de and Aladin.de and now offers a service spanning 6 European countries"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Abacho](http://www.abacho.com) - this German search engine absorbed sites such a Spider.de and Aladin.de and now offers a service spanning 6 European countries"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Abacho](http://www.abacho.com) - this German search engine absorbed sites such a Spider.de and Aladin.de and now offers a service spanning 6 European countries"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Acoon",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Acoon](http://www.acoon.de) - a search engine of German language and international sites, plus directory results from ODP"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Acoon](http://www.acoon.de) - a search engine of German language and international sites, plus directory results from ODP"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Allesklar",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "German language",
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Allesklar](http://www.allesklar.de) - a German language directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Allesklar](http://www.allesklar.de) - a German language directory"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Allesklar](http://www.allesklar.de) - a German language directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dino-Online",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory listings plus search engine results",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Dino-Online](http://www.dino-online.de) - provides directory listings plus search engine results from Inktomi"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Dino-Online](http://www.dino-online.de) - provides directory listings plus search engine results from Inktomi"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Fireball",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "German",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Fireball](http://www.fireball.de) - the most popular German search engine, it uses its own German-language index plus the AltaVista database"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Fireball](http://www.fireball.de) - the most popular German search engine, it uses its own German-language index plus the AltaVista database"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Fireball](http://www.fireball.de) - the most popular German search engine, it uses its own German-language index plus the AltaVista database"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Rex",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "German language",
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Rex](http://www.rex.de) - a directory of German language websites"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Rex](http://www.rex.de) - a directory of German language websites"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Rex](http://www.rex.de) - a directory of German language websites"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sharelook",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Sharelook](http://www.sharelook.de) - a significant Europe-wide directory service"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Sharelook](http://www.sharelook.de) - a significant Europe-wide directory service"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Speedfind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Speedfind](http://www.speedfind.de) - a powerful search engine of German sites with some interesting search options"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Speedfind](http://www.speedfind.de) - a powerful search engine of German sites with some interesting search options"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Web",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Web](http://web.de) - a German directory service that also provides search engine results from Alta Vista."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## German search engines and directories",
      "- [Web](http://web.de) - a German directory service that also provides search engine results from Alta Vista."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Arianna",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Italian",
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Arianna](http://arianna.iol.it) - part of Italia Online, this is one of the most popular Italian search engines. It also offers a directory plus international searching using Ask Jeeves"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Arianna](http://arianna.iol.it) - part of Italia Online, this is one of the most popular Italian search engines. It also offers a directory plus international searching using Ask Jeeves"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Arianna](http://arianna.iol.it) - part of Italia Online, this is one of the most popular Italian search engines. It also offers a directory plus international searching using Ask Jeeves"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "IlTravatore",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [IlTravatore](http://www.iltrovatore.it) - a leading search portal to Italian sites, plus it offers an international metasearch service"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [IlTravatore](http://www.iltrovatore.it) - a leading search portal to Italian sites, plus it offers an international metasearch service"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Shinyseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Italian language",
     "type": "search engine and directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Shinyseek](http://www.shinyseek.it) - an Italian language search engine and directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Shinyseek](http://www.shinyseek.it) - an Italian language search engine and directory"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Shinyseek](http://www.shinyseek.it) - an Italian language search engine and directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Super Eva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Italian",
     "type": "portal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Super Eva](http://www.supereva.com) - one of the leading Italian portals, it also includes international search results from Google and Open Directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Super Eva](http://www.supereva.com) - one of the leading Italian portals, it also includes international search results from Google and Open Directory"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Super Eva](http://www.supereva.com) - one of the leading Italian portals, it also includes international search results from Google and Open Directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Virgilio",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Virgilio](http://www.virgilio.it/home/index.html) - a directory of Italian sites."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Italian search engines and directories",
      "- [Virgilio](http://www.virgilio.it/home/index.html) - a directory of Italian sites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "BIWE",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Spanish language",
     "type": "directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [BIWE](http://www.biwe.es) - Spanish language directory"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [BIWE](http://www.biwe.es) - Spanish language directory"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [BIWE](http://www.biwe.es) - Spanish language directory"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elcano",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "directory service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [Elcano](http://www.elcano.com/) - directory service for Spanish sites"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [Elcano](http://www.elcano.com/) - directory service for Spanish sites"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Terra",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Spanish",
     "type": "portals and directory sites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [Terra](http://www.terra.es) - one of the top Spanish portals and directory sites (used to be called Ole.es)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [Terra](http://www.terra.es) - one of the top Spanish portals and directory sites (used to be called Ole.es)."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# European search engines and directories",
      "## Spanish search engines and directories",
      "- [Terra](http://www.terra.es) - one of the top Spanish portals and directory sites (used to be called Ole.es)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://swcs.com.au/insearchofsearch.htm",
   "title": "Before Google: A history of search",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1990 Archie The first major search advance was Archie , which beginning in 1990 made it possible to search through a site's file directories.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1990 Archie The first major search advance was Archie , which beginning in 1990 made it possible to search through a site's file directories.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Gopher",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1991 Gopher An even bigger advance was Gopher , which made it possible to search through online databases and text files.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1991 Gopher An even bigger advance was Gopher , which made it possible to search through online databases and text files.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1992",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1992 Veronica Archie and Gopher were quickly followed by Veronica , a service from the University of Nevada System Computing Services, a constantly updated database of the names of almost every menu item on thousands of Gopher servers.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1992 Veronica Archie and Gopher were quickly followed by Veronica , a service from the University of Nevada System Computing Services, a constantly updated database of the names of almost every menu item on thousands of Gopher servers.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WAIS",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Internet text searching system",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1993 WAIS - first developed 1990 - as an Internet text searching system (within Gopher)",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1993 WAIS - first developed 1990 - as an Internet text searching system (within Gopher)",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "1993 WAIS - first developed 1990 - as an Internet text searching system (within Gopher)",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWW Virtual Library",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "exists",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-assembled catalog of useful web links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1994 Yahoo Indeed the first of them, the WWW Virtual Library , was created by the Web's creator, Tim Berners-Lee.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1994 Yahoo Indeed the first of them, the WWW Virtual Library , was created by the Web's creator, Tim Berners-Lee.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Except for GeoCities, these directories still exist.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Virtual Library, and its most well-known clone, 1994's Yahoo! , weren't really search engines. They were human-assembled catalogs of useful web links.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-assembled catalog of useful web links",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The Virtual Library, and its most well-known clone, 1994's Yahoo! , weren't really search engines.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "The Virtual Library, and its most well-known clone, 1994's Yahoo! , weren't really search engines.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Except for GeoCities, these directories still exist.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The Virtual Library, and its most well-known clone, 1994's Yahoo! , weren't really search engines. They were human-assembled catalogs of useful web links.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "GeoCities",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": "2009",
     "status": "died off",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Geocities (1994-2009) was third.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Geocities (1994-2009) was third.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Geocities (1994-2009) was third.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "EINet Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "died off or are little used",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Directory Project",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "died off or are little used",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Most of the early ones, such as EINet Galaxy (1994) and Open Directory Project (1998) , have either died off or are little used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "The very first search engines\u2014 JumpStation , the World Wide Web Worm , and the Repository-Based Software Engineering ( RBSE ) spider\u2014used automatic programs, called robots or spiders or crawlers , to request webpages and then report what they found to a database.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "completely dead now, just its domain survives",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "It took Archie-Like Indexing of the Web ( ALIWEB \u2014it's completely dead now, just its domain survives ) and Excite in 1993 before we had search engines that most of you would recognize as useful tools.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1994 Webcrawler and Lycos Searching inside webpages would have to wait for 1994's WebCrawler .",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1994 Webcrawler and Lycos Searching inside webpages would have to wait for 1994's WebCrawler .",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "WebCrawler is now largely forgotten ( though still active ), but in its first year it was so popular that it became a victim of its own success; the site was so slammed that it often couldn't be used.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1994 Webcrawler and Lycos Searching inside webpages would have to wait for 1994's WebCrawler .",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1994 Webcrawler and Lycos Searching inside webpages would have to wait for 1994's WebCrawler .",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "By pouring more servers into this project, Lycos was almost certainly the first search engine to have full page search for more than a million pages.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "InfoSeek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": "1999",
     "status": "came, went",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "InfoSeek (1994-1999), whose only long-lasting claim to fame was somehow convincing Netscape to make it the Netscape browser default search engine, came, went, and unlike the others, left no real trace behind.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "InfoSeek (1994-1999), whose only long-lasting claim to fame was somehow convincing Netscape to make it the Netscape browser default search engine, came, went, and unlike the others, left no real trace behind.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "InfoSeek (1994-1999), whose only long-lasting claim to fame was somehow convincing Netscape to make it the Netscape browser default search engine, came, went, and unlike the others, left no real trace behind.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "InfoSeek (1994-1999), whose only long-lasting claim to fame was somehow convincing Netscape to make it the Netscape browser default search engine, came, went, and unlike the others, left no real trace behind.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": "2003",
     "status": "bought out by Yahoo",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Inktomi , which appeared in 1996, briefly enjoyed a burst of popularity.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Inktomi , which appeared in 1996, briefly enjoyed a burst of popularity.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Eventually, in 2003, it was bought out by Yahoo.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Eventually, in 2003, it was bought out by Yahoo.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": "2010",
     "status": "killed off",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1995-2010 AltaVista The most significant web search engines to arrive were AltaVista launched by DEC employing major computing resources (at the time) , my personal favorite in those days, and Ask Jeeves , now Ask.com.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1995-2010 AltaVista The most significant web search engines to arrive were AltaVista launched by DEC employing major computing resources (at the time) , my personal favorite in those days, and Ask Jeeves , now Ask.com.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Yahoo, which ended up with the ownership of AltaVista in 2003, finally killed off this one great web search engine in 2010.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Yahoo, which ended up with the ownership of AltaVista in 2003, finally killed off this one great web search engine in 2010.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Yahoo, which ended up with the ownership of AltaVista in 2003, finally killed off this one great web search engine in 2010.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "barely hanging on",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1995-2010 AltaVista The most significant web search engines to arrive were AltaVista launched by DEC employing major computing resources (at the time) , my personal favorite in those days, and Ask Jeeves , now Ask.com.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1995-2010 AltaVista The most significant web search engines to arrive were AltaVista launched by DEC employing major computing resources (at the time) , my personal favorite in those days, and Ask Jeeves , now Ask.com.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Ask is barely hanging on with 1.4 percent of the market.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": "2020",
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "1998-2020 Google But what really happened to all of them was Google.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "1998-2020 Google But what really happened to all of them was Google.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "1998-2020 Google But what really happened to all of them was Google.",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In comparison, Microsoft's Bing has 23 percent of the market ( 3% in 2024 ), while Yahoo continues to decline with only 12 percent of searches ( just 1% in 2024 ).",
      "Extract from [how-search-worked-before-google](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423222416/https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-search-worked-before-google-1703.html) (archived)\n by Steven Vaughan-Nichols\nMar 24, 2017"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://webpronews.com/mojeek-privacy-focused-independent-search-engine-defying-tech-giants",
   "title": "Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
   "published_at": "2026-01-02T02:16:28",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2004",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United Kingdom",
     "type": "independent search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Mojeek, a UK-based independent search engine founded in 2004, maintains its own crawler for unbiased, privacy-focused results without tracking or AI personalization."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Mojeek, a UK-based independent search engine founded in 2004, maintains its own crawler for unbiased, privacy-focused results without tracking or AI personalization."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Mojeek, a UK-based independent search engine founded in 2004, maintains its own crawler for unbiased, privacy-focused results without tracking or AI personalization."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Mojeek, a UK-based independent search engine founded in 2004, maintains its own crawler for unbiased, privacy-focused results without tracking or AI personalization."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "In an era where search engines are synonymous with corporate behemoths like Google and Microsoft, one small player from the United Kingdom is quietly challenging the status quo."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "In an era where search engines are synonymous with corporate behemoths like Google and Microsoft, one small player from the United Kingdom is quietly challenging the status quo."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Unlike engines such as DuckDuckGo, which sources results from Bing, or Brave Search, which has built its own index but still faces scalability challenges, Mojeek\u2019s system is entirely self-reliant."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Unlike engines such as DuckDuckGo, which sources results from Bing, or Brave Search, which has built its own index but still faces scalability challenges, Mojeek\u2019s system is entirely self-reliant."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Unlike engines such as DuckDuckGo, which sources results from Bing, or Brave Search, which has built its own index but still faces scalability challenges, Mojeek\u2019s system is entirely self-reliant."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Neeva",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Competition from other independents adds pressure."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Mojeek: Privacy-Focused Independent Search Engine Defying Tech Giants",
      "Users on X in 2026 often compare it favorably to ad-free paid services like Kagi, noting Mojeek\u2019s free access as a democratizing factor."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://mcpservers.org/vi/servers/spences10/mcp-omnisearch",
   "title": "Awesome MCP Servers",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Tavily",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jina AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Firecrawl",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl.",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exa AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools.",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Brave, Kagi, Exa AI, GitHub, Linkup, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, and content processing through four consolidated tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Linkup",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "A Model Context Protocol (MCP) server that provides unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools.",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Brave, Kagi, Exa AI, GitHub, Linkup, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, and content processing through four consolidated tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Meilisearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Meilisearch",
      "Interact & query with Meilisearch (Full-text & semantic search API)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "OpenSearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### OpenSearch MCP Server",
      "An MCP server for interacting with OpenSearch clusters."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Vistoya",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Vistoya",
      "Google for agentic fashion shopping/discovery."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Everything Search Engine",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### Everything Search",
      "Perform lightning-fast local file searches on Windows using the Everything Search Engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://ipfs.basearchive.ai/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/List_of_search_engines.html",
   "title": "List of search engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "GenieKnows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United States and Canada",
     "type": "Business",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Business",
      "- [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) (United States and [Canada](Canada.html))"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Business",
      "- [GenieKnows](GenieKnows.html) (United States and [Canada](Canada.html))"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Business"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Thomasnet",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "United States",
     "type": "Business",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Business",
      "- [Thomasnet](Thomasnet.html) ([United States](United_States.html))"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Business",
      "- [Thomasnet](Thomasnet.html) ([United States](United_States.html))"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Business"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Adzuna",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "UK",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Adzuna](Adzuna.html) (UK)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Adzuna](Adzuna.html) (UK)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bixee.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "India",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Bixee.com](Bixee.com.html) (India)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Bixee.com](Bixee.com.html) (India)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "CareerBuilder.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [CareerBuilder.com](CareerBuilder.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [CareerBuilder.com](CareerBuilder.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Dice.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Dice.com](Dice.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Dice.com](Dice.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Eluta.ca",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Canada",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Eluta.ca](Eluta.ca.html) (Canada)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Eluta.ca](Eluta.ca.html) (Canada)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotjobs.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Hotjobs.com](Hotjobs.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Hotjobs.com](Hotjobs.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JobStreet.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Southeast Asia, Japan and India",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [JobStreet.com](JobStreet.com.html) ([Southeast Asia](Southeast_Asia.html), Japan and India)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [JobStreet.com](JobStreet.com.html) ([Southeast Asia](Southeast_Asia.html), Japan and India)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Incruit",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Korea",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Incruit](Incruit.html) (Korea)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Incruit](Incruit.html) (Korea)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Indeed.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Indeed.com](Indeed.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Indeed.com](Indeed.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Glassdoor.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Glassdoor.com](Glassdoor.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Glassdoor.com](Glassdoor.com.html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "LinkUp.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "USA",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [LinkUp.com](LinkUp_(website).html) (USA)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [LinkUp.com](LinkUp_(website).html) (USA)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Monster.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "(USA), (India)",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Monster.com](Monster.com.html) (USA), (India)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Monster.com](Monster.com.html) (USA), (India)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Naukri.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "India",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Naukri.com](Naukri.com.html) (India)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Naukri.com](Naukri.com.html) (India)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo! HotJobs",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Countrywise subdomains, International",
     "type": "Job",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Yahoo! HotJobs](Yahoo!_HotJobs.html) (Countrywise subdomains, International)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Job",
      "- [Yahoo! HotJobs](Yahoo!_HotJobs.html) (Countrywise subdomains, International)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Job"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wazap",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "Japan",
     "type": "Video Games",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Video Games",
      "- [Wazap](Wazap.html) (Japan)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "### Video Games",
      "- [Wazap](Wazap.html) (Japan)"
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By content/topic",
      "### Video Games"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Desktop",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "2011",
     "status": "discontinued",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Desktop search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Desktop search engines listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.",
      "| [Google Desktop](Google_Desktop.html) | [Linux](Linux.html), [Mac OS X](Mac_OS_X.html), [Windows](Microsoft_Windows.html) | Integrates with the main Google search engine page. 5.9 Release now supports x64 systems. As of September 14, 2011, Google has discontinued this product. | Freeware |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "Desktop search engines listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.",
      "| [Google Desktop](Google_Desktop.html) | [Linux](Linux.html), [Mac OS X](Mac_OS_X.html), [Windows](Microsoft_Windows.html) | Integrates with the main Google search engine page. 5.9 Release now supports x64 systems. As of September 14, 2011, Google has discontinued this product. | Freeware |"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "Desktop search engines listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.",
      "| [Google Desktop](Google_Desktop.html) | [Linux](Linux.html), [Mac OS X](Mac_OS_X.html), [Windows](Microsoft_Windows.html) | Integrates with the main Google search engine page. 5.9 Release now supports x64 systems. As of September 14, 2011, Google has discontinued this product. | Freeware |"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## By model",
      "### Desktop search engines",
      "Desktop search engines listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.",
      "| Name | Platform | Remarks | License |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": "2013",
     "status": "shut down",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Defunct or acquired",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Defunct or acquired search engines",
      "- [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) (acquired by [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) in 2003, shut down in 2013)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": [
      "## Defunct or acquired search engines",
      "- [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) (acquired by [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) in 2003, shut down in 2013)"
     ],
     "status_evidence": [
      "## Defunct or acquired search engines",
      "- [AltaVista](AltaVista.html) (acquired by [Yahoo!](Yahoo!.html) in 2003, shut down in 2013)"
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# List of search engines",
      "## Defunct or acquired search engines"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://edwardbetts.com/monograph/AltaVista",
   "title": "Books: AltaVista",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web",
      "Among the earliest commercial offerings were Infoseek and Lycos (both launched in 1994), and AltaVista, which launched its search engine in 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "LookSmart",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "NorthernLight",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "FAST",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web",
      "Among the earliest commercial offerings were Infoseek and Lycos (both launched in 1994), and AltaVista, which launched its search engine in 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web",
      "Among the earliest commercial offerings were Infoseek and Lycos (both launched in 1994), and AltaVista, which launched its search engine in 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "EINet Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWWWorm",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WWWWander",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WAIS",
     "launch_year": "1991",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Table 1.1 A Timeline of Internet Search Technologies Year 1945 1965 1972 1986 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000+ Search Service Vannevar Bush Proposes \u201cMEMEX\u201d Hypertext Coined by Ted Nelson Dialog\u2014First Commercial Proprietary System OWL Guide Hypermedia Browser Archie for FTP Search, Tim Berners-Lee creates the Web Gopher: WAIS Distributed Search ALIWEB (Archie Linking), WWWWander, JumpStation, WWWWorm EINet Galaxy, WebCrawler, Lycos, Yahoo! Infoseek, SavvySearch, AltaVista, MetCrawler, Excite HotBot, LookSmart NorthernLight Google, InvisibleWeb.com FAST Hundreds of search tools 16 The Invisible Web"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In October 1997 Microsoft, which already ran one of the biggest sites on the net, made a bold proclamation: it would soon be launching its own search engine, code-named Yukon \u2013 except that the searching would be done by a separate company, Inktomi, which would provide access to an index of more than 75 million documents."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AlltheWeb.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Overture also purchased existing Web search engines, AltaVista and AlltheWeb.com."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "When I wrote the Swedish version of In Defence of Global Capitalism in 2001, Google was a three-year-old newcomer who had three years left to go to IPO and was doing battle with search engine giants such as Yahoo!, AltaVista and MSN Search."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://dageno.ai/en/blog/ai-search-engines",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines in 2026",
   "published_at": "2026-06-16T02:31:15",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Conversational search and general discovery",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational search and general discovery | Natural conversation, follow-up context, web sources | Brand may be mentioned without being cited | Track mentions, citations, and answer framing |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| ChatGPT Search | Conversational search and general discovery | Natural conversation, follow-up context, web sources | Brand may be mentioned without being cited | Track mentions, citations, and answer framing |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Research and citation-heavy answers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Perplexity | Research and citation-heavy answers | Strong source-forward answer format | Competitors may dominate cited sources | Improve source authority and citation readiness |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Perplexity | Research and citation-heavy answers | Strong source-forward answer format | Competitors may dominate cited sources | Improve source authority and citation readiness |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google-native AI search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Google AI Mode | Google-native AI search | Deep Google ecosystem integration and complex query handling | AI answers may differ from classic rankings | Track query fan-out and cited URLs |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Google AI Mode | Google-native AI search | Deep Google ecosystem integration and complex query handling | AI answers may differ from classic rankings | Track query fan-out and cited URLs |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Bing and Microsoft ecosystem users",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Bing and Microsoft ecosystem users | Bing-grounded answers and productivity integration | Bing visibility may shape Copilot citations | Improve Bing indexability and source clarity |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Microsoft Copilot | Bing and Microsoft ecosystem users | Bing-grounded answers and productivity integration | Bing visibility may shape Copilot citations | Improve Bing indexability and source clarity |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Grok",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Real-time and social-context search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Grok | Real-time and social-context search | Current web and X-adjacent discussion awareness | Fast-moving narratives may affect brand framing | Monitor freshness, social context, and volatility |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Grok | Real-time and social-context search | Current web and X-adjacent discussion awareness | Fast-moving narratives may affect brand framing | Monitor freshness, social context, and volatility |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-conscious search users",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Brave Search | Privacy-conscious search users | Independent index and AI-powered answers | Brand may be invisible outside Big Tech indexes | Strengthen independent-index discoverability |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Brave Search | Privacy-conscious search users | Independent index and AI-powered answers | Brand may be invisible outside Big Tech indexes | Strengthen independent-index discoverability |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Developers and technical research",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Phind | Developers and technical research | Code-focused answers and technical documentation | Weak docs can reduce technical visibility | Improve developer documentation and examples |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Phind | Developers and technical research | Code-focused answers and technical documentation | Weak docs can reduce technical visibility | Improve developer documentation and examples |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Power users and multi-model search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Arc Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Mobile AI browsing",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Arc Search | Mobile AI browsing | Automated page browsing and summarized results | Brand pages may be summarized without direct traffic | Make pages concise and extractable |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Arc Search | Mobile AI browsing | Automated page browsing and summarized results | Brand pages may be summarized without direct traffic | Make pages concise and extractable |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Duck.ai",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Private AI chat",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wolfram Alpha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Math, science, and computation",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Wolfram Alpha | Math, science, and computation | Structured computational knowledge | Not a general brand discovery engine | Useful for factual and quantitative topics |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Wolfram Alpha | Math, science, and computation | Structured computational knowledge | Not a general brand discovery engine | Useful for factual and quantitative topics |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Komo AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Visual and exploratory search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Komo AI | Visual and exploratory search | Interactive visual summaries | Brand visibility depends on source presentation | Improve structured public explanations |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Komo AI | Visual and exploratory search | Interactive visual summaries | Brand visibility depends on source presentation | Improve structured public explanations |"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Conversational fact-checking",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "- The best AI search engines in 2026 are ChatGPT Search, Perplexity, Google AI Mode, Microsoft Copilot, Grok, Brave Search, Phind, [You.com](http://You.com), Arc Search, [Duck.ai](http://Duck.ai), Wolfram Alpha, Komo AI, and Andi Search, depending on the user\u2019s research need.",
      "| Andi Search | Conversational fact-checking | Direct answers and source discovery | Smaller ecosystem than major engines | Monitor for reputation-sensitive queries |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# Best AI Search Engines in 2026: How to Choose, Compare, and Optimize for AI Answers",
      "| Andi Search | Conversational fact-checking | Direct answers and source discovery | Smaller ecosystem than major engines | Monitor for reputation-sensitive queries |"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://infomotions.com/musings/pointers/searchengines.html",
   "title": "Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Some services like AltaVista, Hotbot, Excite, DejaNews, and OPACs attempt to index and provide searching mechanisms for subsets of Internet-based information.",
      "Personally, I like AltaVista the best since it has the most search features and since it indexes entire documents, not just parts of them.",
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Author**: Digital Equipment Corporation **Title**: AltaVista **[Remote HTML](http://altavista.digital.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Challenging **Data types**: HTML files; USENET newsgroup posting; image files; **Search features**: Boolean logic; field searching; phrase searching; relevance ranking; truncation/stemming; nested queries; **Description**: Of the free Internet search engines, AltaVista is the one with the most features and seemingly widest coverage."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotbot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Some services like AltaVista, Hotbot, Excite, DejaNews, and OPACs attempt to index and provide searching mechanisms for subsets of Internet-based information.",
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Title**: Hotbot **[Remote HTML](http://www.hotbot.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; image files; sounds; USENET newsgroup posting; **Search features**: date ranges; field searching; phrase searching; Boolean logic; domain; **Description**: HotBot uses an almost purely forms-driven interface to its search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Some services like AltaVista, Hotbot, Excite, DejaNews, and OPACs attempt to index and provide searching mechanisms for subsets of Internet-based information.",
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Author**: Excite **Title**: Searching **[Remote HTML](http://www.excite.com/xdr/Computing_and_Internet/Internet/Searching/)** **Cost**: 0 **Description**: Here is Excite's collection of Internet search engines.",
      "**Title**: Excite **[Remote HTML](http://www.excite.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; news; USENET newsgroup posting; **Search features**: phrase searching; Boolean logic; relevance ranking; \"concept extraction\"; **Description**: Excite's search engine is much like everybody else's."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DejaNews",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Some services like AltaVista, Hotbot, Excite, DejaNews, and OPACs attempt to index and provide searching mechanisms for subsets of Internet-based information."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Title**: Infoseek **[Remote HTML](http://www.infoseek.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; news; USENET newsgroup posting; **Search features**: phrase searching; Boolean logic; relevance ranking; domain; field searching; **Description**: This site does not have \"power\" search feature, nor does it have complicated forms interface for completing queries."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Author**: A2Z **Title**: Internet indices, Directories, & How-To Guides **[Remote HTML](http://a2z.lycos.com/Internet/Indices__Directories_and_How-To_Guides/)** **Cost**: 0 **Description**: This break-your-browser page contains Lycos's list of search engines.",
      "**Title**: Lycos **[Remote HTML](http://www.lycos.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; sounds; image files; bibliographic citations; **Search features**: phrase searching; Boolean logic; natural language; **Description**: Starting out in academia (Carnegie Mellon University) and then going commerical, Lycos is the grand daddy of the Internet search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Author**: Haskin, David **Title**: Right Search Engine **[Remote HTML](http://www.internetworld.com/1997/09/report.html)** **Description**: \"We tested six of the leading search engines: AltaVista, Excite HotBot, Infoseek, Lycos, and WebCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Title**: MetaCrawler **[Remote HTML](http://www.metacrawler.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Data types**: HTML files; USENET newsgroup posting; computer products; **Search features**: domain; **Description**: This is one of the true all-in-one search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Title**: Northern Light Search **[Remote HTML](http://www.nlsearch.com/)** **Cost**: $1-10 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: bibliographic citations; HTML files; full-text articles; **Search features**: phrase searching; truncation/stemming; **Description**: This a newcomer into the fray of Internet search engines."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Text",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Title**: Open Text **[Remote HTML](http://index.opentext.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; USENET newsgroup posting; email addresses; current events; **Search features**: field searching; Boolean logic; proximity; **Description**: It's just a guess, but I believe OpenText's search engine is really an adveritisment for its commerical document storage and retrieval software."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "**Author**: McKinley Group, Inc. **Title**: Search Engines **[Remote HTML](http://www.mckinley.com/magellan/Reviews/Computing/World_Wide_Web/Searching_The_Web/Search_Engines/index.magellan.html)** **Cost**: 0 **Description**: Here is another list of search engines, but this one is ordered by Magellan's ranking system and reviews.",
      "INTERNET SEARCH ENGINES",
      "**Author**: McKinley Group, Inc. **Title**: Magellan **[Remote HTML](http://www.mckinley.com/)** **Cost**: 0 **Ease of use**: Easy **Data types**: HTML files; **Search features**: Boolean logic; nested queries; phrase searching; relevance ranking; \"concept extraction\"; **Description**: The strength of this service lies in its Internet reviews."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://algomizer.com/blog/sites-better-than-google",
   "title": "7 Sites Better Than Google: A 2026 GEO Analysis - Algomizer - #1 AI Search Optimization Solution",
   "published_at": "2026-06-14T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# 7 Sites Better Than Google: A 2026 GEO Analysis",
      "Google still held [90% of the traditional search engine market share in one 2026 industry roundup](https://adsy.com/blog/looking-for-google-alternative-these-are-top-thirteen-search-engines), which means broad replacement isn't the true question."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity.ai",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI Answer Engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 1. Perplexity.ai",
      "Perplexity.ai | Medium, multi\u2011step workflows and API integration | Moderate, free tier limits; paid tiers for heavy research | High \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, concise, sourced, live\u2011web answers | Research, academic searches, developer integrations | Always\u2011on citations; Deep Research; live web grounding |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "- **AI Answer Engines:** Perplexity and Copilot-style search compress source material into cited summaries."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. Kagi",
      "Kagi | Low\u2013Medium, user\u2011focused with configurable \u201cLenses\u201d | Paid subscription; modest compute for Assistant | High \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, clean, fast, quality\u2011weighted results | Power users wanting control, privacy\u2011minded subscribers | Ad\u2011free index; personalization; built\u2011in Assistant |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Independent Index Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. Brave Search",
      "Brave Search | Medium, independent index plus re\u2011ranking tools (Goggles) | Low\u2013Moderate, privacy\u2011first index; optional AI adds cost | Good \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, private, de\u2011biased results; some long\u2011tail gaps | Privacy seekers, forum/discussion discovery, niche ranking | Independent index; Goggles; Discussions feature |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "- **Independent Index Search:** Brave changes the optimization target because retrieval isn't downstream from Google."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-Centric Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 4. DuckDuckGo",
      "DuckDuckGo | Low, straightforward privacy defaults, optional Duck.ai | Low, partner\u2011sourced results; subscription for Duck.ai/Plus | Good \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, private classic results; optional private AI | General web search replacement; users who want AI or AI\u2011free | Strong privacy defaults; choice of AI or no\u2011AI |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "- **Privacy-Centric Search:** DuckDuckGo and Startpage reduce tracking and weaken personalization as a ranking support layer."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot Search Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 5. Microsoft Copilot Search Bing",
      "Microsoft Copilot Search (Bing) | Medium\u2013High, integrated Copilot, enterprise connectors | High, enterprise/365 licensing for full features | High \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, rich verticals and generative answers with citations | Commerce/product discovery; Microsoft 365 enterprise use | Copilot with citations; strong vertical integrations |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy-Centric Search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 6. Startpage",
      "Startpage | Low, proxying Google results with privacy layer | Low, uses Google backend plus partner augmentations | Good \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, Google\u2011like relevance without tracking | Users wanting Google relevance privately with minimal change | Google\u2011quality relevance; Anonymous View proxy |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "- **Privacy-Centric Search:** DuckDuckGo and Startpage reduce tracking and weaken personalization as a ranking support layer."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WolframAlpha",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Vertical Knowledge Engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 7. WolframAlpha",
      "WolframAlpha | Medium, specialized computable engine and APIs | Moderate, Pro tier for extended compute and uploads | Very high for computations \u2b50\u2b50\u2b50\u2b50, exact, structured outputs | Math, engineering, data analysis, step\u2011by\u2011step solutions | Curated computable knowledge; precise, reliable computations |"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "- **Vertical Knowledge Engines:** WolframAlpha wins by computation and structure, not by breadth."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "A recent overview of Google alternatives noted that DuckDuckGo relies heavily on Bing, Startpage proxies Google results, while Brave Search and Mojeek are among the few options running independent indexes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wiserwebsites.com/search-engines-then-vs-now",
   "title": "Search engines then Vs now",
   "published_at": "2022-07-07T14:54:33",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "internet search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## **Archie**",
      "The first internet search engine was Archie."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## **Archie**",
      "It has been 32 years since Archie launched in 1990."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## **Archie**",
      "The first internet search engine was Archie."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "internet search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Yahoo!",
      "The following internet search engine we will be looking at is Yahoo!."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Yahoo!",
      "Yahoo! was released only six years after Archie in 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Yahoo!",
      "The following internet search engine we will be looking at is Yahoo!."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Ask Jeeves/ask",
      "Ask Jeeves is a search engine that was released in 1997."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Ask Jeeves/ask",
      "Ask Jeeves is a search engine that was released in 1997."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Ask Jeeves/ask",
      "Ask Jeeves is a search engine that was released in 1997."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "internet search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## **Google**",
      "The following internet search engine we will be looking at is Google."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## **Google**",
      "However, Google is not new; it was launched in 1998 and has significantly improved and updated over the past 24 years."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## **Google**",
      "The following internet search engine we will be looking at is Google."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Microsoft was concerned about how popular Google was becoming; therefore, in 1998, they launched a search engine called MSN (Microsoft Network)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Microsoft was concerned about how popular Google was becoming; therefore, in 1998, they launched a search engine called MSN (Microsoft Network)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Microsoft was concerned about how popular Google was becoming; therefore, in 1998, they launched a search engine called MSN (Microsoft Network)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Inktomi was a search engine that companies could hire and use the search results; this was also how Yahoo started."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Inktomi was a search engine that companies could hire and use the search results; this was also how Yahoo started."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Finally, in 2009 they renamed it Bing, which has not changed since."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Finally, in 2009 they renamed it Bing, which has not changed since."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "## Microsoft/Bing",
      "Bing was a popular search engine and a severe competitor to Google."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://freepixel.com/blog/ai-search-engines",
   "title": "AI search engines beat Google for creative research in 2026",
   "published_at": "2026-05-23T07:41:54",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "text-first search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "##### **1. Perplexity AI: Quick answers and citation\u2011rich results for brainstorming**",
      "[Perplexity AI](https://www.perplexity.ai/) is a text-first search engine that delivers concise answers backed by citations."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "##### **1. Perplexity AI: Quick answers and citation\u2011rich results for brainstorming**",
      "[Perplexity AI](https://www.perplexity.ai/) is a text-first search engine that delivers concise answers backed by citations."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": "U.S.",
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **2. Google AI Mode (with Canvas): Native Google search with creative project tools**",
      "Google AI Mode integrates directly into [Google Search](https://www.google.com/), offering conversational queries with [AI-generated content](https://www.freepixel.com/blog/google-ai-generated-content/)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "In 2026, Google expanded **Canvas in AI Mode** to all U.S. users, helping organize projects, draft documents, and refine creative writing.",
      "All U.S. users can access it in English; no new account is required."
     ],
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI agent",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **3. Microsoft Copilot: AI agent for multi-step creative workflows**",
      "In 2026, Copilot evolved beyond a helpful assistant into an **action-taking AI agent** capable of running multi-step workflows and automating real work across Microsoft 365."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **3. Microsoft Copilot: AI agent for multi-step creative workflows**",
      "In 2026, Copilot evolved beyond a helpful assistant into an **action-taking AI agent** capable of running multi-step workflows and automating real work across Microsoft 365."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "ad-free search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **4. Kagi: Ad-Free, Privacy-Focused Search**",
      "Kagi provides a subscription-based, ad-free search engine for both."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **4. Kagi: Ad-Free, Privacy-Focused Search**",
      "Kagi provides a subscription-based, ad-free search engine for both."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **5. DuckDuckGo: Free, Privacy-Focused Search with Optional AI**",
      "DuckDuckGo is a free search engine that balances monetization and privacy."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **5. DuckDuckGo: Free, Privacy-Focused Search with Optional AI**",
      "DuckDuckGo is a free search engine that balances monetization and privacy."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **6. Startpage: Google Results Without the Tracking**",
      "[Startpage](https://www.startpage.com/) acts as a proxy for Google, delivering Google\u2019s results without passing your personal data along."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **7.You.com: A free, ad\u2011free AI search engine for marketers**",
      "You.com positions itself as a free, privacy-respecting AI search engine that delivers AI-enhanced answers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **7.You.com: A free, ad\u2011free AI search engine for marketers**",
      "You.com positions itself as a free, privacy-respecting AI search engine that delivers AI-enhanced answers."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "browser and search engine combo",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **8. Brave Search: Curated and customizable results with Goggles**",
      "Brave is a browser and search engine combo built on Chromium."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **8. Brave Search: Curated and customizable results with Goggles**",
      "Brave is a browser and search engine combo built on Chromium."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT with web browsing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **9. ChatGPT with web browsing (SearchGPT): The all\u2011in\u2011one research companion**",
      "ChatGPT\u2019s browsing tool, often referred to as **searchgpt**, brings the power of a conversational AI together with live web results."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine and browser",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **10. Ecosia: Eco-friendly, Chromium-based search**",
      "Ecosia is a search engine and browser built on Chromium that uses advertising revenue to plant trees."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "### **Top AI Search Engines for Creative Research**",
      "##### **10. Ecosia: Eco-friendly, Chromium-based search**",
      "Ecosia is a search engine and browser built on Chromium that uses advertising revenue to plant trees."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://wiley.com/legacy/compbooks/sonnenreich/history.html",
   "title": "A History of Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The grandfather of all search engines was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The grandfather of all search engines was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The grandfather of all search engines was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "searching device similar to Archie but for Gopher files",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Archie's popularity had grown such that in 1993, the University of Nevada System Computing Services group developed Veronica(5) (the grandmother of search engines)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Archie's popularity had grown such that in 1993, the University of Nevada System Computing Services group developed Veronica(5) (the grandmother of search engines)."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "It was created as a type of searching device similar to Archie but for Gopher files."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Gopher search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Another Gopher search service, called Jughead, appeared a little later, probably for the sole purpose of rounding out the comic-strip triumvirate."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Another Gopher search service, called Jughead, appeared a little later, probably for the sole purpose of rounding out the comic-strip triumvirate."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Wanderer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "If Archie was the grandfather of search tools and Veronica the grandmother, their child, and thus the mother of all search engines, was Matthew Gray's World Wide Web Wanderer."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "If Archie was the grandfather of search tools and Veronica the grandmother, their child, and thus the mother of all search engines, was Matthew Gray's World Wide Web Wanderer."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "ALIWEB",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "HTTP equivalent of Archie",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In response to the Wanderer, Martijn Koster created Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in October 1993."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In response to the Wanderer, Martijn Koster created Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in October 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "As the name implies, ALIWEB was the HTTP equivalent of Archie, and because of this, it is still unique in many ways."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Repository-Based Software Engineering spider",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Three search engines powered by robots had made their debut: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The popular public search engine, Excite, has roots that extend rather far back in the history of the web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Initially, the project was called Architext; it was started by six Stanford undergraduates in February 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The popular public search engine, Excite, has roots that extend rather far back in the history of the web."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "EINet Galaxy",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "browsable/searchable web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "This deficiency prompted the creation of EINet Galaxy, now know as the Tradewave Galaxy, which is the oldest browsable/searchable web directory."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The Galaxy went online in January 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "This deficiency prompted the creation of EINet Galaxy, now know as the Tradewave Galaxy, which is the oldest browsable/searchable web directory."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "searchable directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In April 1994, two Stanford University Ph.D. candidates, David Filo and Jerry Yang, created some pages that became rather popular."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In April 1994, two Stanford University Ph.D. candidates, David Filo and Jerry Yang, created some pages that became rather popular."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In order to aid in data retrieval, Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) became a searchable directory."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "full-text search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The WebCrawler was Brian Pinkerton's project, and began as a small single-user application to find information on the Web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "In that first release on April 20, 1994, the WebCrawler's database contained documents from just over 6000 different servers on the Web."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The most important point about WebCrawler is that it was the first full-text search engine on the Internet."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Web search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Lycos was indeed the next big kid on the block, bursting out of the labs at Carnegie Mellon University during the July of 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Lycos was indeed the next big kid on the block, bursting out of the labs at Carnegie Mellon University during the July of 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On July 20, 1994, Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Representatives of Infoseek, another major search engine, say that they founded their corporation in January 1994."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Representatives of Infoseek, another major search engine, say that they founded their corporation in January 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Representatives of Infoseek, another major search engine, say that they founded their corporation in January 1994."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On the May 20, 1996, Inktomi Corporation was formed, and HotBot was unleashed upon the world."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On the May 20, 1996, Inktomi Corporation was formed, and HotBot was unleashed upon the world."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "This is the youngest of all of the major search services, but even at its young age, it has already caused quite a stir in the online community."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "META engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The first of these engines was MetaCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "MetaCrawler was conceived in spring of 1995 by myself and my advisor, Oren Etzioni, as my master's degree project."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "The current solution to this problem is the META engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "SavvySearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Four11",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "topic-specific directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "FTPSearch95",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "topic-specific directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DejaNews",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "topic-specific directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "Colorado State University also has a tool called Savvy Search that searches up to 20 engines at once, including a number of topic-specific directories such as Four11 (e-mail addresses), FTPSearch95 (files on the Net), and DejaNews (UseNet database)."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://perplexityalternative.com",
   "title": "Best AI Search Engines and Answer Tools",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "# Perplexity Alternatives",
      "Perplexity is useful, but it is not the only way to get cited AI answers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "General answer engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ General answer engine\n### 1. ChatGPT Search\nchatgpt.com **Best if you already use ChatGPT and want web answers inside a broader assistant.**\nStrong for mixed tasks: asking, writing, coding, summarizing, image reasoning and web-backed answers. Source checking still matters.](https://chatgpt.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ General answer engine\n### 1. ChatGPT Search\nchatgpt.com **Best if you already use ChatGPT and want web answers inside a broader assistant.**\nStrong for mixed tasks: asking, writing, coding, summarizing, image reasoning and web-backed answers. Source checking still matters.](https://chatgpt.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MultipleChat AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "All-in-one AI tool",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ All-in-one AI tool\n### 2. MultipleChat AI\nmultiplechat.ai **Best if you want one interface for AI search, model comparison, writing, files and project work.**\nMultipleChat includes built-in Perplexity Sonar Pro for web search, plus access to several AI models in one workspace. Useful when research should become writing, slides, summaries or business output.](https://multiplechat.ai)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ All-in-one AI tool\n### 2. MultipleChat AI\nmultiplechat.ai **Best if you want one interface for AI search, model comparison, writing, files and project work.**\nMultipleChat includes built-in Perplexity Sonar Pro for web search, plus access to several AI models in one workspace. Useful when research should become writing, slides, summaries or business output.](https://multiplechat.ai)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google Gemini",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google workspace fit",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Google workspace fit\n### 3. Google Gemini\ngemini.google.com **Best if your research often touches Google products, Docs, Sheets, Gmail or Android workflows.**\nUseful for broad search-adjacent research and daily assistant work. Check whether the answer is grounded in sources or model memory.](https://gemini.google.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Google workspace fit\n### 3. Google Gemini\ngemini.google.com **Best if your research often touches Google products, Docs, Sheets, Gmail or Android workflows.**\nUseful for broad search-adjacent research and daily assistant work. Check whether the answer is grounded in sources or model memory.](https://gemini.google.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google AI Mode",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Search-native",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Search-native\n### 4. Google AI Mode\ngoogle.com **Best when you want AI answers inside Google Search rather than a separate answer-engine app.**\nGood for fast orientation, shopping and common queries. Still click through when dates, legal claims, finance, medicine or niche facts matter.](https://www.google.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Search-native\n### 4. Google AI Mode\ngoogle.com **Best when you want AI answers inside Google Search rather than a separate answer-engine app.**\nGood for fast orientation, shopping and common queries. Still click through when dates, legal claims, finance, medicine or niche facts matter.](https://www.google.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "AI search + APIs",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ AI search + APIs\n### 5. You.com\nyou.com **Best for users comparing AI search, enterprise search APIs and model-assisted research modes.**\nA long-running AI search player with business-oriented positioning. Useful when Perplexity feels too narrow or too consumer-focused.](https://you.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ AI search + APIs\n### 5. You.com\nyou.com **Best for users comparing AI search, enterprise search APIs and model-assisted research modes.**\nA long-running AI search player with business-oriented positioning. Useful when Perplexity feels too narrow or too consumer-focused.](https://you.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Privacy angle",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Privacy angle\n### 6. Brave Search AI\nsearch.brave.com **Best if you want AI summaries closer to a traditional search engine with a stronger privacy posture.**\nHelpful for quick summaries and independent search. It is less of a full research workspace than Perplexity or ChatGPT.](https://search.brave.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Privacy angle\n### 6. Brave Search AI\nsearch.brave.com **Best if you want AI summaries closer to a traditional search engine with a stronger privacy posture.**\nHelpful for quick summaries and independent search. It is less of a full research workspace than Perplexity or ChatGPT.](https://search.brave.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Microsoft users",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Microsoft users\n### 7. Microsoft Copilot\ncopilot.microsoft.com **Best for people already working in Microsoft 365, Edge, Windows, Outlook and PowerPoint.**\nNot a pure Perplexity clone, but strong when the answer has to become a document, email, spreadsheet or presentation.](https://copilot.microsoft.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Microsoft users\n### 7. Microsoft Copilot\ncopilot.microsoft.com **Best for people already working in Microsoft 365, Edge, Windows, Outlook and PowerPoint.**\nNot a pure Perplexity clone, but strong when the answer has to become a document, email, spreadsheet or presentation.](https://copilot.microsoft.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Developers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Consensus",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Research papers",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Research papers\n### 9. Consensus\nconsensus.app **Best when you need answers based on academic literature rather than general web pages.**\nEspecially relevant for health, psychology, education and science questions where the source type matters more than speed.](https://consensus.app)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Research papers\n### 9. Consensus\nconsensus.app **Best when you need answers based on academic literature rather than general web pages.**\nEspecially relevant for health, psychology, education and science questions where the source type matters more than speed.](https://consensus.app)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elicit",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Literature review",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Literature review\n### 10. Elicit\nelicit.com **Best for systematic literature review workflows, paper discovery and evidence tables.**\nLess like a daily search engine, more like a research workflow tool. Strong for students, analysts and scientific teams.](https://elicit.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Literature review\n### 10. Elicit\nelicit.com **Best for systematic literature review workflows, paper discovery and evidence tables.**\nLess like a daily search engine, more like a research workflow tool. Strong for students, analysts and scientific teams.](https://elicit.com)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Komo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Simple AI search",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Simple AI search\n### 11. Komo\nkomo.ai **Best for people who want a lightweight AI search interface with less workflow complexity.**\nGood to test when Perplexity feels heavy. Verify citations carefully for serious research.](https://komo.ai)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Simple AI search\n### 11. Komo\nkomo.ai **Best for people who want a lightweight AI search interface with less workflow complexity.**\nGood to test when Perplexity feels heavy. Verify citations carefully for serious research.](https://komo.ai)"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Andi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Clean search UI",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Clean search UI\n### 12. Andi\nandisearch.com **Best for users who prefer a simpler, visually calm search experience.**\nA different flavor of AI search: less dashboard, more focused results. Good for browsing and exploratory questions.](https://andisearch.com)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "AI search without tunnel vision",
      "## Best Perplexity alternatives to test first.",
      "[ Clean search UI\n### 12. Andi\nandisearch.com **Best for users who prefer a simpler, visually calm search experience.**\nA different flavor of AI search: less dashboard, more focused results. Good for browsing and exploratory questions.](https://andisearch.com)"
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://topofthelist.net/a-history-of-search-engines",
   "title": "A History of Search Engines",
   "published_at": "2008-03-06T04:07:51",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine for FTP sites",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "The first search engine invented was \u201cArchie\u201d, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a brilliant student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "The first search engine invented was \u201cArchie\u201d, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a brilliant student at McGill University in Montreal."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The Archie Legacy",
      "### \u00bb The First Search Engine was Developed for FTP Sites",
      "This was before the creation of the World Wide Web, and was a search engine for FTP sites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Mathematics and English Unite! Statistical Analysis of Word Relationships",
      "This was gobbled up by Excite\u2122."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Mathematics and English Unite! Statistical Analysis of Word Relationships",
      "In February 1993, 6 Stanford students had the idea of using statistical analysis of word relationships to make searching more efficient."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "World Wide Web Worm",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "bot-fed search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "By December of 1993, three bot-fed search engines had arrived on the web: JumpStation, the World Wide Web Worm, and the Repository-Based Software Engineering (RBSE) Spider."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Yahoo!\u2122 Celebrated its 25-year Anniversary in March 2020",
      "In 1994, Yahoo! was created by Jerry Yang and David Filo."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Yahoo!\u2122 Celebrated its 25-year Anniversary in March 2020",
      "In 1994, Yahoo! was created by Jerry Yang and David Filo."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "crawler",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb WebCrawler\u2014First to Index Entire Pages",
      "On April 20, 1994, Brian Pinkerton of the University of Washington released the first crawler to index entire pages, called WebCrawler."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Monstrous Lycos\u2122 added Prefix Matching and Word Proximity to Search Results",
      "On July 20, 1994, a monstrous new search engine named Lycos went public with a catalog of 54,000 documents."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Infoseek",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Infoseek\u2122 Offered Web Site Search Engine Submission",
      "Infoseek, also started in 1994, offered a few extra features, such as allowing internet marketing promotion and advertising specialists and other webmasters to submit their own pages to the search index."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Infoseek\u2122 Offered Web Site Search Engine Submission",
      "Infoseek, also started in 1994, offered a few extra features, such as allowing internet marketing promotion and advertising specialists and other webmasters to submit their own pages to the search index."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb AltaVista\u2122 Claimed Unlimited Bandwidth and Taught Search Tips",
      "Next came AltaVista, with nearly unlimited bandwidth at the time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Hotbot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "On May 20, 1996, the Inktomi Corporation launched its Hotbot search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "natural language search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Ask Jeeves\u2122 Used Human Editors",
      "In April of 1997, Ask Jeeves was launched as a natural language search engine."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Teoma",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "### \u00bb Teoma\u2122 Developed Clustering Techniques to Determine Site Popularity",
      "In 2000, the Teoma search engine was released."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "BackRub",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb BackRub Analyzed Links Pointing to a Site",
      "By January of 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both brilliant graduate students at Stanford University, had begun to work together on a search engine called BackRub."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb Google = Googol = 10100",
      "In 1998, Google was launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## The History of Google\u2122",
      "### \u00bb Google = Googol = 10100",
      "In 1998, Google was launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Before Bing\u2019s inception, Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998, which primarily relied on search results sourced from Inktomi."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Before Bing\u2019s inception, Microsoft launched MSN Search in 1998, which primarily relied on search results sourced from Inktomi."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "decision engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "However, in 2009, a significant shift occurred."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "However, in 2009, a significant shift occurred."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Microsoft Introduces Bing as a Google Competitor",
      "### \u00bb From Borrowing Results\u2026",
      "Microsoft launched Bing as a rebranded and revamped search solution, positioning it as a \u201cdecision engine\u201d designed to produce more curated and relevant results."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
      "Due to increasing concerns over online privacy, Gabriel Weinberg founded DuckDuckGo in 1998."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
      "Due to increasing concerns over online privacy, Gabriel Weinberg founded DuckDuckGo in 1998."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb DuckDuckGo: A Privacy-Centric Evolution",
      "As a search engine that emphasizes user privacy and doesn\u2019t track user searches or share personal data with third parties, DuckDuckGo aims to deliver unbiased search results and minimize the filter bubble effect by not personalizing content based on user history."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# A History of Search Engines",
      "## Privacy Concerns Breed Innovation",
      "### \u00bb Brave Search\u2019s Independent Index",
      "Brave Search emerged from Brave Software\u2019s commitment to championing user privacy across the digital landscape."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://mcpservers.org/servers/spences10/mcp-omnisearch",
   "title": "Awesome MCP Servers",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Tavily",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jina AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Firecrawl",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "Unified access to multiple search providers and AI tools like Tavily, Perplexity, Kagi, Jina AI, Brave, and Firecrawl."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Exa AI",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Brave, Kagi, Exa AI, GitHub, Linkup, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, and content processing through four consolidated tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Linkup",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "# MCP Omnisearch",
      "This server combines the capabilities of Tavily, Brave, Kagi, Exa AI, GitHub, Linkup, and Firecrawl to offer comprehensive search, AI responses, and content processing through four consolidated tools."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://piratebay-proxylist.com/blog/duckduckgo-alternatives",
   "title": "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
   "published_at": "2026-05-07T00:40:10",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "private search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "DuckDuckGo built its reputation as the go-to private search engine, but cracks have started to show."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "DuckDuckGo built its reputation as the go-to private search engine, but cracks have started to show."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": "2021",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 1. Brave Search",
      "Brave Search stands out among **DuckDuckGo alternatives** for one core reason: it built its own independent search index rather than wrapping someone else\u2019s data in a privacy-branded shell."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 1. Brave Search",
      "The team behind the Brave browser launched this engine in 2021, and it has grown into a credible standalone option for users who want real independence from Big Tech infrastructure."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Startpage",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 2. Startpage",
      "Startpage sits in an interesting spot among **DuckDuckGo alternatives**: it delivers **Google-quality results** without handing your personal data to Google directly."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "open-source metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 3. SearXNG",
      "SearXNG is the open-source metasearch engine that sits at the far end of the privacy spectrum among **DuckDuckGo alternatives**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 3. SearXNG",
      "SearXNG is the open-source metasearch engine that sits at the far end of the privacy spectrum among **DuckDuckGo alternatives**."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": "2006",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 4. Mojeek",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based search engine running its own **independent web crawler**, which puts it in rare company among **duckduckgo alternatives** that genuinely avoid third-party indexes."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 4. Mojeek",
      "The engine has been building its own index since 2006, meaning results carry no Google or Microsoft fingerprints anywhere in the pipeline."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 4. Mojeek",
      "Mojeek is a UK-based search engine running its own **independent web crawler**, which puts it in rare company among **duckduckgo alternatives** that genuinely avoid third-party indexes."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Qwant",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 5. Qwant",
      "Qwant is a French-built search engine that serves as one of the more polished **duckduckgo alternatives** in the European market."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 5. Qwant",
      "Qwant is a French-built search engine that serves as one of the more polished **duckduckgo alternatives** in the European market."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 6. Swisscows",
      "Swisscows is a Switzerland-based search engine that makes **family-safe browsing** and [strict data privacy](https://piratebay-proxylist.com/blog/best-search-engine-for-privacy/) its two defining priorities."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 6. Swisscows",
      "Swisscows is a Switzerland-based search engine that makes **family-safe browsing** and [strict data privacy](https://piratebay-proxylist.com/blog/best-search-engine-for-privacy/) its two defining priorities."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "non-profit metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 7. MetaGer",
      "MetaGer is a **German non-profit metasearch engine** operated by SUMA-EV, making it one of the few **duckduckgo alternatives** backed by an organization with no commercial incentive to monetize your data."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 7. MetaGer",
      "MetaGer is a **German non-profit metasearch engine** operated by SUMA-EV, making it one of the few **duckduckgo alternatives** backed by an organization with no commercial incentive to monetize your data."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "decentralized search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 8. Presearch",
      "Presearch is a **[decentralized search engine](https://piratebay-proxylist.com/blog/best-private-search-engines/)** that rewards you with **PRE cryptocurrency tokens** for every search you complete."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "8 DuckDuckGo Alternatives for Better Privacy & Search",
      "## 8. Presearch",
      "Presearch is a **[decentralized search engine](https://piratebay-proxylist.com/blog/best-private-search-engines/)** that rewards you with **PRE cryptocurrency tokens** for every search you complete."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/8/6768",
   "title": "From Web Catalogs to Google: A Retrospective Study of Web Search Engines Sustainable Development",
   "published_at": "2023-04-17T00:00:00",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": "1990",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "W3Catalog",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Starting with the Archie search engine, which was launched in 1990 and is considered the first search engine [10], through W3Catalog, WebCrawler, and Lycos, the mid-1990s saw the emergence of many new search engines, such as Excite, AltaVista, and Yahoo!"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The most popular to this day is the Google search engine, which was established in 1998 and set new standards for indexing and ranking web resources with its PageRank algorithm [13]."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The most popular to this day is the Google search engine, which was established in 1998 and set new standards for indexing and ranking web resources with its PageRank algorithm [13]."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The most popular to this day is the Google search engine, which was established in 1998 and set new standards for indexing and ranking web resources with its PageRank algorithm [13]."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DMOZ",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "active from 1998 to 2017",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "multilingual web directory",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "In the same year as Google, the DMOZ web directory (multilingual web directory, active from 1998 to 2017), which in its best period had a database of more than 5 million webpages, was established."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "In the same year as Google, the DMOZ web directory (multilingual web directory, active from 1998 to 2017), which in its best period had a database of more than 5 million webpages, was established."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "In the same year as Google, the DMOZ web directory (multilingual web directory, active from 1998 to 2017), which in its best period had a database of more than 5 million webpages, was established."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "In the same year as Google, the DMOZ web directory (multilingual web directory, active from 1998 to 2017), which in its best period had a database of more than 5 million webpages, was established."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": "1998",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Microsoft also took on the global search engine market, launching its MSN Search at the same time as Google, hoping that the high popularity of the Windows operating system would translate into an increase in the popularity of this new search engine."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Microsoft also took on the global search engine market, launching its MSN Search at the same time as Google, hoping that the high popularity of the Windows operating system would translate into an increase in the popularity of this new search engine."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Bing",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Unfortunately, despite increased marketing activity and name changes to Microsoft Live in 2006, Live Search in 2007, and finally to Bing in 2009, this search engine has failed to gain more than a 10% share in the search engine market, even despite generating more precise locationsensitive results than Google's search engine [29]."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yandex",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "local search engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Such search engines certainly include Russia's Yandex, founded in 1997, and China's Baidu, founded in 2000."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Such search engines certainly include Russia's Yandex, founded in 1997, and China's Baidu, founded in 2000."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Although the Google, Bing, or Yahoo! search engines have been world leaders for years, there are local search engines that have historically had or still have a larger market share in some countries [30]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Baidu",
     "launch_year": "2000",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "local search engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Such search engines certainly include Russia's Yandex, founded in 1997, and China's Baidu, founded in 2000."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Such search engines certainly include Russia's Yandex, founded in 1997, and China's Baidu, founded in 2000."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Although the Google, Bing, or Yahoo! search engines have been world leaders for years, there are local search engines that have historically had or still have a larger market share in some countries [30]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sogou",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The most popular search engines in the Middle Kingdom include Baidu with a 65.6% share (based on StatCounter.com, August 2022), Bing with a 10.25% share, and Sogou with a 9.06% share, while Google's search engine share is only 3.15%."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "DuckDuckGo",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The launch of the DuckDuckGo search engine in 2009 was focused on privacy and not collecting any information that identifies the user."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The launch of the DuckDuckGo search engine in 2009 was focused on privacy and not collecting any information that identifies the user."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The emergence of privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines like DuckDuckGo, Ecosia, and Lilo demonstrates a growing understanding of the negative effects of digital technologies on the environment and society [103]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": "2009",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Similarly, the Ecosia search engine, which was founded in 2009, focuses on privacy and does not collect information about its users."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "Similarly, the Ecosia search engine, which was founded in 2009, focuses on privacy and does not collect information about its users."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The emergence of privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines like DuckDuckGo, Ecosia, and Lilo demonstrates a growing understanding of the negative effects of digital technologies on the environment and society [103]."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The Al-taVista, Ask, and WebCrawler search engines have been omitted due to their residual share."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lilo",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The emergence of privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines like DuckDuckGo, Ecosia, and Lilo demonstrates a growing understanding of the negative effects of digital technologies on the environment and society [103]."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "In this study, we would like to review how sustainability was introduced by commercial web catalogs and search engines in past decades.",
      "The emergence of privacy-and sustainability-focused alternative search engines like DuckDuckGo, Ecosia, and Lilo demonstrates a growing understanding of the negative effects of digital technologies on the environment and society [103]."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://mustafa.net/2026/08/12/searxng-vs-metager-vs-whoogle-self-hosted-search-compared",
   "title": "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
   "published_at": "2026-08-12T07:27:23",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Searxng",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Active",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Self-hosted metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "The obvious contenders are Searxng, Metager, and Whoogle.",
      "Searxng is a fork of Searx."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "| Active development | Yes | Sporadic | Slow |",
      "Searxng updates frequently."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "If you\u2019re running local LLMs or want to strip Google out of your infrastructure entirely, you\u2019ve probably looked at self-hosted metasearch engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Metager",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Sporadic",
     "country_or_region": "German",
     "type": "Self-hosted metasearch engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "The obvious contenders are Searxng, Metager, and Whoogle.",
      "Metager is a German-hosted metasearch engine that you can also self-host."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "| Active development | Yes | Sporadic | Slow |",
      "Development is sporadic."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "Metager is a German-hosted metasearch engine that you can also self-host.",
      "Metager is German and subject to German privacy law, which some people view as stronger."
     ],
     "type_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "If you\u2019re running local LLMs or want to strip Google out of your infrastructure entirely, you\u2019ve probably looked at self-hosted metasearch engines."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Whoogle",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": "Slow",
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "Google frontend",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "The obvious contenders are Searxng, Metager, and Whoogle.",
      "Whoogle is a lighter-weight Google frontend."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "| Active development | Yes | Sporadic | Slow |",
      "Updates arrive sporadically."
     ],
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "Whoogle is a lighter-weight Google frontend."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Searx",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Searxng vs Metager vs Whoogle: Self-Hosted Search Compared",
      "Searxng is a fork of Searx."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://growthrocks.com/blog/history-of-seo-evolution",
   "title": "History of SEO: The Evolution of SEM (1950s \u2014 Today)",
   "published_at": "2023-05-03T06:35:51",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Archie",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "**T****he first search engine ever,** called **Archie**, had already been created."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Veronica",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "In the next year, there was yet another search engine, named **Veronica.**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Jughead",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "Then came another search engine, called **Jughead**, which had many similarities to Veronica, except Jughead was searching one server at a time."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Aliweb",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "If Archie was the first search engine that existed, then **Aliweb** is considered to be **the first** ***Web*** **Search Engine**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "Aliweb came out in 1993."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "JumpStation",
     "launch_year": "1993",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "During the same year, **JumpStation,** another search engine, launched."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 2. The Stone Age of SEO (early 90s \u2014 mid 90s)",
      "During the same year, **JumpStation,** another search engine, launched."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo!",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "Maybe you\u2019ve never heard of it, but you have heard of the name that the company was renamed to, a few months later: \u201c**Yahoo!**\u201d."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "The year is 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "The main antagonist of Yahoo! at the time was **AltaVista**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Backrub",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "Enter 1996. Two students from Stanford University were working on **Backrub**, the first search engine to utilize **backlinks**."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "Enter 1996."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "AskJeeves",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "In the same year, **AskJeeves**, what today we know today as Ask.com, entered the search engine arena."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "Enter 1996.",
      "In the same year, **AskJeeves**, what today we know today as Ask.com, entered the search engine arena."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "In 1997, the **Excite** search engine was created and became the first search engine to provide **only crawler-based listings.**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "In 1997, the **Excite** search engine was created and became the first search engine to provide **only crawler-based listings.**"
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 3. The Bronze Age of SEO (mid 90s \u2014 90s)",
      "Remember Backrub we mentioned earlier? It\u2019s now called **Google.**"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MSN Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "## 4. The Middle Ages of SEO (early 00s \u2014 mid-00s)",
      "The great monarchs of the search engine land, Yahoo!, Google, Microsoft\u2019s MSN Search, AltaVista, and others, were in an ongoing digital conflict."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=39616244",
   "title": "There are already many project about search: - https://www.marginalia.nu/ - http...",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "Marginalia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://www.marginalia.nu/](https://www.marginalia.nu/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearchMySite",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://searchmysite.net/](https://searchmysite.net/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Apache Lucene",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://lucene.apache.org/](https://lucene.apache.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Elasticsearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- elastic search"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Presearch",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://presearch.com/](https://presearch.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Stract",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://stract.com/](https://stract.com/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Wiby",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "There are already many project about search:",
      "- [https://wiby.me/](https://wiby.me/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Swisscows",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also these:",
      "[https://swisscows.com/en](https://swisscows.com/en)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Disconnect Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also these:",
      "[https://search.disconnect.me/](https://search.disconnect.me/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ecosia",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also these:",
      "[https://www.ecosia.org/](https://www.ecosia.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "MetaGer",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also these:",
      "[https://metager.org/](https://metager.org/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "SearXNG",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Also these:",
      "[https://searx.space/](https://searx.space/)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "YaCy",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "To be fair, of those only Apache Lucene predates YaCy. YaCy is very mature, but in terms of relative popularity for general web search probably peaked around 15 years ago."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mojeek",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "[https://www.mojeek.com/](https://www.mojeek.com/) self-disclosure, mojeek team member"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "https://capconvert.com/learn/blog/paid-inclusion-in-ai-engines-what-perplexity-brave-and-you-com-charge-and-whethe",
   "title": "Paid Inclusion In AI Engines: What Perplexity, Brave, And You.com Charge And Whether It Works",
   "published_at": "2025-09-24T06:15:42",
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "ChatGPT Atlas",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Mid-2026 CPC ranges by platform: ChatGPT Atlas $5 to $40, Microsoft Copilot $2 to $25, Perplexity $3 to $25, Brave Search $2 to $15, You.com $2 to $12."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Microsoft Copilot",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Mid-2026 CPC ranges by platform: ChatGPT Atlas $5 to $40, Microsoft Copilot $2 to $25, Perplexity $3 to $25, Brave Search $2 to $15, You.com $2 to $12."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Perplexity",
     "launch_year": "2025",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Mid-2026 CPC ranges by platform: ChatGPT Atlas $5 to $40, Microsoft Copilot $2 to $25, Perplexity $3 to $25, Brave Search $2 to $15, You.com $2 to $12."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Perplexity Sponsored Citations: Format And Pricing",
      "Perplexity introduced sponsored citations in 2025 as part of their Pro and Enterprise tiers."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Brave Search",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Mid-2026 CPC ranges by platform: ChatGPT Atlas $5 to $40, Microsoft Copilot $2 to $25, Perplexity $3 to $25, Brave Search $2 to $15, You.com $2 to $12."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "You.com",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Mid-2026 CPC ranges by platform: ChatGPT Atlas $5 to $40, Microsoft Copilot $2 to $25, Perplexity $3 to $25, Brave Search $2 to $15, You.com $2 to $12."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Glean",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "healthcare",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Sci.ai",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "healthcare",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Casetext",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "legal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lexis",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "legal",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Phind",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "developer",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Specialized vertical AI engines (Glean, Sci.ai in healthcare; Casetext, Lexis in legal; Phind in developer) have paid inventory for relevant verticals."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Kagi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "subscription-only",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Kagi runs subscription-only without traditional paid placement."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "TL;DR",
      "Kagi runs subscription-only without traditional paid placement."
     ]
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "url": "http://oocities.org/themarc.geo/SearchEnginesweb.html",
   "title": "Some Major Search Engines",
   "published_at": null,
   "engines": [
    {
     "engine": "AltaVista",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "AltaVista opened in December 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ask Jeeves",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "human-powered search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Ask Jeeves (see below), and directory listings primarily from the Open Directory. AltaVista opened in December 1995. Ask Jeeves [http://www.askjeeves.com/](http://www.askjeeves.com/) * Ask Jeeves is a human-powered search service that aims to direct you to the exact page that answers your question."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "The service went into beta in mid-April 1997 and opened fully on June 1, 1997."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Ask Jeeves is a human-powered search service that aims to direct you to the exact page that answers your question."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Direct Hit",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Direct Hit [http://www.directhit.com/](http://www.directhit.com) ***"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Excite",
     "launch_year": "1995",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Excite was launched in late 1995."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Magellan",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Excite was launched in late 1995."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "WebCrawler",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Excite was launched in late 1995."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "FAST Search",
     "launch_year": "1999",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "FAST Search [http://www.alltheweb.com/](http://www.alltheweb.com/) ***** Formerly called All The Web, FAST Search aims to index the entire web."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "FAST Search launched in May 1999."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Google",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "search engine",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Google [http://www.google.com/](http://www.google.com/) **** Google is a search engine that makes heavy use of link popularity as a primary way to rank web sites."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Google [http://www.google.com/](http://www.google.com/) **** Google is a search engine that makes heavy use of link popularity as a primary way to rank web sites."
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "HotBot",
     "launch_year": "1996",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "HotBot launched in May 1996 as Wired Digital's entry into the search engine market."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Inktomi",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Lycos",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Northern Light",
     "launch_year": "1997",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Northern Light [http://www.northernlight.com/](http://www.northernlight.com/) ** Northern Light is another favorite search engine among researchers."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Northern Light opened to general use in August 1997."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Open Directory Project",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Yahoo",
     "launch_year": "1994",
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": "web's most popular search service",
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines",
      "Yahoo is the oldest major web site directory, having launched in late 1994."
     ],
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": [
      "Search Engines",
      "Basic Search Engines"
     ]
    },
    {
     "engine": "Ixquick",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Meta-Search Sites",
      "Ixquick [http://www.ixquick.com](http://www.ixquick.com/) (AOL, Altavista, Excite, Alltheweb, Goto, MSN, Snap, Webcrawler, Yahoo!, Hotbot, Infoseek, Live Directory, LookSmart, Lycos) **** Ixquick searches many (14) prominent engines simultaneously (in parallel)."
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Profusion",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Meta-Search Sites",
      "Profusion [http://www.profusion.com](http://www.profusion.com/) (Altavista, Excite, Infoseek, Looksmart, Webcrawler, Yahoo!, Goto, Alltheweb, Snap) ****"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    },
    {
     "engine": "Mamma",
     "launch_year": null,
     "end_year": null,
     "status": null,
     "country_or_region": null,
     "type": null,
     "engine_evidence": [
      "Meta-Search Sites",
      "Mamma [http://www.mamma.com](http://www.mamma.com/) (Yahoo!, Goto, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, Webcrawler, Altavista)"
     ],
     "launch_year_evidence": null,
     "end_year_evidence": null,
     "status_evidence": null,
     "country_or_region_evidence": null,
     "type_evidence": null
    }
   ]
  }
 ],
 "notes": [
  "Merged 10 queries (1601 total) \u2192 1223 unique results",
  "Search result set: re5704f3b6ea (1223 rows), reference it as FROM re5704f3b6ea in follow-up queries",
  "WARNING: semantic extraction failed on 456 of 1223 rows \u2014 extracted values are null on those rows. First error: timed_out after 90.0s"
 ]
}